2010～2012年医院感染现患率调查分析

目的 了解医院感染现患率、抗菌药物使用及微生物送检的动态变化.方法 按照《医院感染预防与控制标准操作规程》中横断面调查方法,对2010年7月27日、2011年9月8日和2012年8月10日（0：00～24：00）所有住院患者进行调查.结果 医院感染现患率逐年下降,平均为2.69％；感染部位以下呼吸道为主,平均占50.57％,并呈逐年上升趋势；感染高发科室有ICU、血液内科、肾内科、神经外科、新生儿科；抗菌药物使用率平均为59.44％,逐年下降；病原学送检率平均为57.51％;3年共检出病原体106株,以革兰阴性细菌为主.结论 通过连续的现患率调查可掌握医院感染的动态变化,医院感染的高发部位及高危科室,为今后医院感染管理重点提供依据.     

乳腺CEUS预测模型诊断乳腺恶性病灶的观察者间一致性:多中心研究

目的 探讨拉伸指数模型DWI鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性病变的价值。方法 收集58例乳腺病变患者,共63个病灶（良性33个,恶性30个）,行多b值DWI及动态增强MRI （DCE-MRI）扫描。计算ADC、扩散分布指数（DDC）和扩散异质性指数（α）值,并生成时间-信号强度曲线（TIC）。比较良恶性病变间各参数差异,采用ROC曲线评价各参数诊断效能。结果 恶性病变ADC、DDC和α分别为（1.01±0.19）×10^-3 mm²/s、（0.89±0.23）×10^-3 mm²/s和0.75±0.09,良性病变分别为（1.41±0.27）×10^-3 mm²/s、（1.49±0.29）×10^-3 mm²/s和0.87±0.07,恶性病变均低于良性病变（P均<0.01）。各参数中DDC曲线下面积（AUC）最大（AUC=0.958）,最佳诊断界值1.22×10^-3 mm²/s,敏感度和特异度分别为96.67%、81.82%,DDC与TIC联合所得AUC为0.976,对应敏感度和特异度分别为93.33%、93.94%。结论 拉伸指数模型DWI参数DDC、α能够鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性病变,DDC与TIC联合的诊断效能高于ADC和DCE。     

坎地沙坦酯片的制备及初步稳定性研究

目的:制备坎地沙坦酯片并优化处方,并对其进行初步稳定性考察。方法:采用Box-Behnken试验设计,以填充剂配比(X1)、崩解剂(X2,%)和润滑剂(X3,%)用量为影响因素,以片重差异(Y1,%)、脆碎度(Y2,%)、崩解时限(Y3,min)、坎地沙坦酯溶出度(Y4,%)为片剂考察指标,得到最优处方;采用f2相似因子法评价自制制剂和参比制剂在溶出介质中的体外溶出行为。通过高温、高湿、光照试验初步考察制剂稳定性。结果:坎地沙坦酯片的最优处方组成为:填充剂一水乳糖与预交化淀粉比例为7∶1、崩解剂交联羧甲基纤维素钠占片重为5.5%,润滑剂硬脂酸镁占片重为0.5%。自制片剂和参比制剂在4种溶出介质中的累积溶出度相似因子f2分别为60.62,73.34,66.95,68.60。结论:制备的坎地沙坦酯片各项指标均符合规定,工艺稳定可靠。     

A-kinase interacting protein 1 is sufficiently expressed and positively associates with WHO grade,meanwhile predicts unfavorable overall survival independently in glioma patients

The present study aimed to investigate the association of A-kinase interacting protein 1 (AKIP1) with clinical characteristics, and further explore the prognostic value of AKIP1 in glioma patients.Totally 168 glioma patients who underwent tumor resection were analyzed, and their tumor tissue specimens were acquired for the detection of AKIP1 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC), which was scored by a semi-quantitative method considering staining intensity and staining density.According to AKIP1 expression in tumor tissues of glioma patients, there were 65 (38.7%) patients with AKIP1 low expression (IHC score 0–3), 48 (28.6%) patients with AKIP1 high + expression (IHC score 4–6), 42 (25.0%) patients with AKIP1 high++ expression (IHC score 7–9) and 13 (7.7%) patients with AKIP1 high+++ expression (IHC score 10–12), respectively. AKIP1 expression was positively associated with World Health Organization grade. Overall survival (OS) was the lowest in the patients with AKIP1 high+++ expression, followed by those with AKIP1 high++ expression and those with AKIP1 high+ expression, and highest in those with AKIP1 low expression. Further subgroup analysis exhibited that AKIP1 expression was negatively associated with OS especially in high-grade glioma patients. In addition, AKIP1 expression was negatively associated with OS in all subgroups of patients with/without adjuvant radiotherapy, with/without adjuvant chemotherapy. Further multivariate Cox''s regression exhibited that AKIP1 high expression was an independent predictive factor for worse OS.AKIP1 presents with the potential to be a novel biomarker for tumor management and prognosis surveillance in glioma patients.     

Low-dose oral hydroxychloroquine led to impaired vision in a child with renal failure: Case report and literature review

Introduction:Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has received much attention in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 recently. However, it can cause irreversible vision loss. Few cases have been reported in pediatric patient with HCQ-related adverse reactions. Appropriate administration and early disease recognition are important for reducing the adverse drug reactions of HCQ.Patient concerns:We report a case of a 14-year-old Chinese girl who sought treatment for rapidly decreasing vision in the left eye over 3 days. The simulation results of the population pharmacokinetic model of HCQ revealed that the plasma concentration of HCQ abnormally increased before the visual acuity of the eye decreased.Diagnosis:She was diagnosed as HCQ related drug adverse reaction.Interventions:The daily dose of HCQ for this patient was adjusted from 100 mg/d to 50 mg/d.Outcomes:Follow-up for 6 months showed no more vision loss recurrence. However, the existing decreased visual acuity of the eye did not recover either.Conclusion:Although decreased visual acuity is an infrequent symptom, ophthalmologists should be aware of the possibility of HCQ concentration enrichment and consider minimizing HCQ use when a child with renal hypofunction seeks treatment for shortsightedness.     

Acupuncture and related therapies for poststroke insomnia: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis

Objective:To compare and evaluate the clinical effects on patients with poststroke insomnia of various acupuncture and acupuncture-related therapies.Methods:In order to analyze the direct and indirect evidence from related studies, we used network meta-analysis (NMA). In order to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture and related therapies in the treatment of poststroke insomnia, 3 English and 4 Chinese databases were searched. After 2 researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the information, and assessed the probability of bias in the included studies, the data was analyzed using Stata15.0 and WinBUGS1.4.3 software.Results:Based on the existing data, the pros and cons of different acupuncture-related therapies are compared extensively, the effectiveness of different acupuncture-related therapies is ranked compared to drugs with hypnotic effect in poststroke insomnia care, and the best methods or combinations of acupuncture intervention are summarized.Conclusion:This study will provide new evidence for the safety and effectiveness of acupuncture-related therapies in the treatment of poststroke insomnia, and may be helpful for clinicians, poststroke insomnia patients, and clinical guideline makers to choose the optimal combination of acupuncture for the treatment of poststroke insomnia.Registration Number:INPLASY202120028.     

黄芩甙预处理对缺血再灌注大鼠心功能和心肌细胞游离钙的影响

目的:观察黄芩甙预处理对缺血/再灌注(I/R)大鼠离体心功能和心肌细胞游离[Ca2+]i的影响,探讨其对心脏I/R损伤的保护作用及可能机制。方法:SD大鼠50只,摘取心脏后采用Langendorff心脏灌流系统分为五组进行实验,对照组采用正常Tyrode液灌流90min;I/R组先用正常Tyrode液灌流30min后,再行I/R各30min;三种浓度(10、20、40μmol/L)黄芪甙预处理组于停止灌注前,用正常Tyrode液灌流10min后再用不同浓度黄芩甙液灌流20min,最后行I/R各30min。观察各组心功能指标冠脉流量(CF)、左室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左室发展压(LVDP)、左室收缩压最大上升/下降速率(dp/dtmax和dp/dtmin);分离单个心肌细胞,检测心肌细胞内Ca2+荧光染色强度,计算[Ca2+]i。统计学分析各组各指标测值差异及其相关性。结果:方差分析显示,心功能指标和[Ca2+]i在各组大鼠之间差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。两两比较表明,I/R组各心功能指标明显低于对照组,[Ca2+]i高于对照组(P均0.01);3种浓度黄芩甙预处理后,心功能指标值明显升高,[Ca2+]i明显降低(P0.05,P0.01)。相关性分析表明,黄芩甙预处理浓度与心功能指标变化呈正相关,与[Ca2+]i变化呈负相关(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:黄芩甙预处理可显著改善I/R心肌的舒缩功能,其机制可能与黄芩甙降低I/R心肌细胞内游离[Ca2+]i有关。     

1例接种麻疹减毒活疫苗偶合幼儿急疹的调查报告

麻疹减毒活疫苗(简称麻疹疫苗,以下同)接种是预防控制乃至消除麻疹的核心内容和主要手段,然而,接种麻疹疫苗后个别儿童可能发生发热出疹性疾病并因此引发纠纷,此时的病因诊断常关系到临床医生的诊疗方案和患儿的病程预后,也会决定疑似预防接种异常反应的最终诊断和补偿结果。现将一起接种麻疹疫苗偶合出疹性疾病案例调查结果分析如下。     

Epidemiology of peptic ulcer disease in Wuhan area of China from 1997 to 2002

AIM: To describe the epidemiological features of peptic ulcer disease in Wuhan area during 1997-2002, to analyze the sex, age and occupation characteristics, as well as the geographic distribution of peptic ulcer disease, and to determine the effective methods of preventing and controlling peptic ulcer disease. METHODS: In the early 1980s, the peptic ulcer disease registry system was established to collect the data of peptic ulcer disease in Wuhan area. Here we performed a statistically detailed analysis of 4876 cases of peptic ulcer disease during 1997-2002. RESULTS: The morbidity of peptic ulcer disease between males and females was significantly different (chi(2) = 337.9, P<0.001). The majority of peptic ulcer diseases were found at the age of 20 to 50 years. Because of different occupations, the incidence of peptic ulcer disease was different in different areas. CONCLUSION: The incidence of peptic ulcer disease is highly associated with sex, age, occupation and geographic environmental factors. By analyzing the epidemiological features of peptic ulcer disease, we can provide the scientific data for prevention and control of peptic ulcer disease.