Association of HLA class II DRB1, DPA1 and DPB1 polymorphism with genetic susceptibility to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in Chinese Han nationality

Although the aetiology of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) remains unclear, many immunological abnormalities involving changes in cell-mediated and humoral immunity may be associated with cardiac impairment in IDC. Autoimmune mechanisms are likely to participate in the pathogenesis of at least a subgroup of IDC and components of the major histocompatibility complex may serve as markers for the propensity to develop immune-mediated myocardial damage. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes, which are highly polymorphic, play an important role in the activating of immune responses and thus control the predisposition for or protection from IDC. This study explores the possible contribution of HLA-DRB and DP polymorphisms to IDC susceptibility. DNA genotyping for HLA-DRB1, DPA1 and DPB1 was performed using polymerase chain reaction-sequencing based typing (PCR-SBT) method in 198 IDC patients and 136 random selected healthy Han ethnic individuals living in Northern China. IDC patients were, sub-grouped into asymptomatics (subgroup A), with arrhythmia (subgroup B) and with overt congestive heart failure (subgroup C) according to the clinical manifestations and electrocardiogram or echocardiographic characteristics. ADP/ATP autoantibody was detected in IDC group by immunoblot analysis. The results revealed that HLA-DR15, -DPB*0601 frequencies were significantly elevated in IDC group compared with normal control. The DPB1*0601 allele in homozygous form or in combination with allele DPB1*2301 or *3901, was found present more often in IDC patients. The predominance of HLA-DR4 allele was observed in subgroup B after stratification. However, the frequency of DPB1*0101 allele increased in the control than in the IDC group. The frequency of HLA-DPB1*0601 allele was significantly higher in IDC patients with positive autoantibody against ADP/ATP carrier of myocardial mitochondria in contrast to those with negative autoantibody. We conclude that HLA-DR4, -DR15, -DPB1*0601 alleles confers susceptibility to, while DPB1*0101 allele confers protection from IDC among individuals of northern Chinese Han nationality. The glutamate at position 69 in the second exon of DPB1*0601, as a key residue for special conformation of HLA-DP, may confer predisposition to IDC. HLA-DR and -DP alleles polymorphisms may serve as genetic markers for IDC and be involved in the regulation of the immune specific response to auto or exterior anti-myocardium antibodies.     

甲状旁腺微血管解剖与甲状腺囊内切除技术

目的探讨甲状旁腺微血管解剖在甲状腺囊内切除术中的意义。方法以"甲状旁腺微血管解剖、囊内技术及保护"为关键词进行检索,筛选近30年来的相关文献,就甲状旁腺微血管解剖在甲状腺囊内切除术中的意义进行综述。结果甲状旁腺血管的数量、起源、长度和供应方式有众多情况,囊内切除甲状腺时应采取针对性措施。结论充分认识甲状旁腺微血管解剖有助于运用囊内技术保护甲状旁腺功能。     

Coordinate Bonding Strategy for Molecularly Imprinted Hydrogels: Toward pH-Responsive Doxorubicin Delivery

Molecularly imprinted hydrogel (MIH) as drug delivery system has been studied. It still remains a challenge to construct the stimuli-responsive MIH. Here, we report a coordinate bond strategy for imprinting doxorubicin (Dox) in hydrogel capable of pH-responsive and sustained drug delivery. The imprinting condition such as template–monomer interactions induced by metal ion was carefully investigated by spectroscopic methods. The obtained Dox–MIH was evaluated by absorption and in vitro release experiments. It has been demonstrated that the cupric ion mediated interaction between Dox and 4-vinyl pyridine via coordination and the optimal coordinate ratio of Dox/Cu²⁺ was 2:1. The rebinding amount of MIH to Dox was 2.7-fold that of nonimprinted hydrogel and the Dox-loaded MIH showed a pH-responsive release property. Not more than 10% of loaded drug was released from Dox–MIH at pH 7.2 during a time course of 7 days. However, near to 60% of loaded drug was sustainedly released at pH 5.0 during the same period. These results indicated that Dox–MIH with pH-responsive behavior possessed great promising as sustained-release delivery system of anticancer drug.     

An Experimental Study on the Anti-Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Effect of Purified Toad Venom Extract

The objective of this paper was to study the anti-Ehrlich ascites carcinoma effect of purified toad venom extract and its mechanism. Mouse model of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma was established with cisplatin as the control to observe the inhibitory effect of purified toad venom extract on malignant peritoneal effusion in mice. The results showed that compared with the control group, ascites volume, number of tumour cells and tumour cell viability decreased and ascites inhibition rate reached over 50% in each treatment group, and with the increase of the dose, incidence of ascites showed a downward trend. The number of tumour cells in ascites and tumour cell viability in the purified toad venom high-dose group were lower than those of the cisplatin group. Compared with the model group, survival time was prolonged in varying degrees in the purified toad venom groups and cisplatin group. The study concluded that purified extract of toad venom has an anti-Ehrlich ascites carcinoma effect.     

后颅窝病变开颅术治疗后患者发热的原因及其护理

目的 探讨后颅窝病变开颅手术患者术后发热的原因,并提出对应护理对策.方法 回顾性分析2008年4月至2011年10月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院神经外科治疗的91例后颅窝开颅手术术后发热患者的临床资料,并总结其护理经验.结果 本组91例中有78例患者1周内痊愈,13例2周内痊愈;感染者5例,发热持续时间为(10.20±1.22)d,主要表现为稽留热型,占术后发热的5.49%;无菌性炎症者17例,占18.68%,主要表现为不规则热型,发热持续时间为(4.88±1.91)d;异物反应者35例,占38.46%,主要表现为不规则热型,发热持续时间为(4.89±1.59)d;中枢性高热者19例,占20.83%,主要表现为驰张热型,发热持续时间为(6.57±1.85)d;肺部感染者8例,占8.79%,主要表现为稽留热型,发热持续时间为(10.87±1.35)d;交感神经兴奋7例,占7.69%,主要表现为稽留热型,发热持续时间为(2.14±1.36)d.结论对后颅窝开颅手术术后发热患者要积极寻找发热原因,采用对应护理,及时预防和控制发热.     

银杏达莫注射液对脑梗死患者IL-1β、IL-6的影响

目的观察银杏达莫注射液对急性脑梗死患者血清白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平的影响。方法 80例急性脑梗死患者随机分为两组,治疗组予以常规措施并加银杏达莫注射液治疗,对照组仅用常规治疗。观察治疗前后血清IL-1β、IL-6水平的变化。结果两组治疗后血清I L-1β、IL-6的浓度较治疗前有明显降低,但治疗组降低较对照组更显着(P<0.05)。结论银杏达莫注射液可显著降低急性脑梗死患者血清IL-1β、IL-6的水平而降低炎症反应,在治疗急性脑梗死中起重要作用。     

Fluorescent imaging of cancerous tissues for targeted surgery

To maximize tumor excision and minimize collateral damage are the primary goals of cancer surgery. Emerging molecular imaging techniques have made “image-guided surgery” developed into “molecular imaging-guided surgery”, which is termed as “targeted surgery” in this review. Consequently, the precision of surgery can be advanced from tissue-scale to molecule-scale, enabling “targeted surgery” to be a component of “targeted therapy”. Evidence from numerous experimental and clinical studies has demonstrated significant benefits of fluorescent imaging in targeted surgery with preoperative molecular diagnostic screening. Fluorescent imaging can help to improve intraoperative staging and enable more radical cytoreduction, detect obscure tumor lesions in special organs, highlight tumor margins, better map lymph node metastases, and identify important normal structures intraoperatively. Though limited tissue penetration of fluorescent imaging and tumor heterogeneity are two major hurdles for current targeted surgery, multimodality imaging and multiplex imaging may provide potential solutions to overcome these issues, respectively. Moreover, though many fluorescent imaging techniques and probes have been investigated, targeted surgery remains at a proof-of-principle stage. The impact of fluorescent imaging on cancer surgery will likely be realized through persistent interdisciplinary amalgamation of research in diverse fields.