1H-MRS检测帕金森病伴轻度认知障碍患者后扣带回代谢物

目的 探讨¹H-MRS波谱技术联合线性拟合模型（LCmodel）软件在帕金森病（PD）伴认知障碍中的诊断价值。方法 选取PD患者35例（PD组）和健康体检者22名（对照组）,并根据是否伴有认知功能障碍,将PD组分为PDN亚组和PDMCI亚组。采用¹H-MRS波谱技术联合LCmodel软件获取PD组与对照组后扣带回（PCG）区域的波谱及代谢物的绝对浓度。比较2组各代谢物绝对浓度,并分析各代谢物绝对浓度与认知功能评分的相关性。结果 PDN亚组各代谢物绝对浓度与对照组差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）,PDMCI亚组总肌酸（tCr）、N-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）、肌醇（mI）和胆碱复合物（tCho）的绝对浓度均较对照组降低（P均<0.05）;PDMCI亚组tCr绝对浓度较PDN亚组降低（P<0.05）。tCr（r=0.444,P=0.01）、谷胱甘肽（GSH;r=0.393,P=0.024）绝对浓度与MMSE评分存在相关性;tCr（r=0.367,P=0.035）、GSH（r=0.376,P=0.031）及tCho（r=0.375,P=0.031）绝对浓度与MoCA评分存在相关性。结论 ¹H-MRS技术联合LCmodel软件可定量分析PCG区域代谢物变化,有助于评估PD伴认知障碍。     

腹腔镜微创与传统开腹胆道取石治疗胆总管结石的效果分析

目的比较腹腔镜微创与传统开腹胆道取石治疗胆总管结石的效果及对患者机体氧化应激和免疫功能的影响。方法选择该院2015年7月-2017年12月收治的90例胆总管结石患者,利用随机数字表将其分成微创组与开腹组两组,每组各45例。其中微创组给予腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗,开腹组给予传统开腹胆道取石术治疗,比较两组手术疗效及手术前后氧化应激指标[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)]和免疫功能指标[CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+T细胞百分率及CD4~+和CD8~+T细胞比值(CD4~+/CD8~+比值)]的变化。结果微创组手术时间和术中出血量明显低于开腹组(P 0.05),两组结石取净率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。微创组术后肠鸣音恢复、肛门排气和住院时间明显低于开腹组(P 0.05)。微创组术后12 h时视觉模拟评分(VAS)、术后镇痛药使用率和并发症发生率明显低于开腹组(P 0.05)。微创组手术前后血清SOD、MDA和GSH-Px比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);开腹组术后第1天时血清SOD和GSH-Px活性明显低于术前,MDA水平明显高于术前(P 0.05)。两组术后第1天时外周血CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+及CD4~+/CD8~+比值明显低于术前(P 0.05),其中开腹组降低更明显(P 0.05)。结论腹腔镜微创与传统开腹胆道取石治疗胆总管结石均能取得较好的取石效果,但腹腔镜微创手术对机体创伤更小,不会引起明显的氧化应激反应,对机体免疫功能影响小,术后恢复快。     

Stroop interference in children with developmental dyslexia: An event-related potentials study

Previous studies have identified inhibitory deficits in dyslexic children, but we have little understanding of their neural mechanisms, especially for Chinese children with developmental dyslexia.We used a double-blind controlled trial to study the electroencephalogram responses of dyslexic and non-dyslexic children when performing the Stroop color-word test.Behavioral data showed differences in response time and accuracy between the 2 groups. In the event-related potentials (ERP) results, dyslexic children displayed larger P2 and P3b on congruent trials, while non-dyslexic children displayed larger P2 and P3b on incongruent trials, the 2 groups showed opposite brain activation patterns on the Stroop test.Dyslexic children have poor inhibitory function, and this poor inhibition may be related to their abnormal brain activation patterns.     

Correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and arterial elasticity in middle-aged and elderly cadres in Guiyang,China: A retrospective observational study

There is evidence that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH) D] levels may be associated with cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between 25-(OH) D levels and blood pressure (BP), blood lipids, and arterial elasticity in middle-aged and elderly cadres in China.In this retrospective study, we included 401 civil servants and cadres aged >42 years who underwent medical examinations at Guiyang Municipal First People''s Hospital, China in 2018. The participants were assigned to deficiency (≤20 ng/mL), insufficiency (20–30 ng/mL), and sufficiency (≥30 ng/mL) groups according to 25-(OH) D levels in their blood. Demographics, brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), BP, ankle–brachial index (ABI), and blood lipids were compared among groups. The associations between 25-(OH) D and other parameters were evaluated using linear regression analysis.Median (range) 25-(OH) D levels in the deficiency (n = 162), insufficiency (n = 162), and sufficiency (n = 77) groups were 15.32 (2.93–19.88), 25.12 (20.07–29.91), and 33.91 (30.23–82.42) ng/mL, respectively. There were significant differences in systolic BP, pulse pressure, baPWV (left and right sides), ABI (left side), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides (TGs; all P < .05) among groups. Multivariate linear regression revealed that TG, left baPWV, and right baPWV were significantly negatively correlated with 25-(OH) D levels (all P < .05).In this study, 25-(OH) D levels were found to be associated with TG, left baPWV, and right baPWV values. 25-(OH) D deficiency may be associated with reduced arterial elasticity.     

White blood cell count as a mediator of the relationship between depressive symptoms and all-cause mortality: A community-based cohort study

Background and objectivesOne possible pathway by which depressive symptoms influence all-cause mortality is through their relationship with markers of inflammatory response. We aimed to examine whether white blood cell (WBC) count mediated the relationship between the presence of depressive symptoms and all-cause mortality among older Chinese people.MethodsThis community-based cohort study targeted 4053 individuals aged 60 years or over. A bootstrapping approach was applied to examine whether WBC count mediated the relationship between the presence of depressive symptoms and all-cause mortality. WBC count was evaluated as a mediator. The presence of depressive symptoms was assessed by the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The mediating effect was considered significant if the 95% confidence interval (CI) did not include 0.ResultsMediation analysis indicated that WBC count played an important mediating role in the relationship between PHQ-9 score and all-cause mortality based on the significance of indirect effect (β = -0.0039, 95% CI = -0.01, -0.0009). The direct effect from PHQ-9 score to all-cause mortality was not statistically significant (P = 0.11) after adjusting for WBC count.ConclusionWBC count was associated with depressive symptoms and all-cause mortality. The association of depressive symptoms with all-cause mortality was fully mediated by WBC count.     

Combination Immunotherapy of MUC1 mRNA Nano-vaccine and CTLA-4 Blockade Effectively Inhibits Growth of Triple Negative Breast Cancer

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Terlipressin versus norepinephrine as infusion in patients with septic shock: a multicentre,randomised, double-blinded trial

Purpose

Recent clinical data suggest that terlipressin, a vasopressin analogue, may be more beneficial in septic shock patients than catecholamines. However, terlipressin’s effect on mortality is unknown. We set out to ascertain the efficacy and safety of continuous terlipressin infusion compared with norepinephrine (NE) in patients with septic shock.

Methods

In this multicentre, randomised, double-blinded trial, patients with septic shock recruited from 21 intensive care units in 11 provinces of China were randomised (1:1) to receive either terlipressin (20–160 µg/h with maximum infusion rate of 4 mg/day) or NE (4–30 µg/min) before open-label vasopressors. The primary endpoint was mortality 28 days after the start of infusion. Primary efficacy endpoint analysis and safety analysis were performed on the data from a modified intention-to-treat population.

Results

Between 1 January 2013 and 28 February 2016, 617 patients were randomised (312 to the terlipressin group, 305 to the NE group). The modified intention-to-treat population comprised 526 (85.3%) patients (260 in the terlipressin group and 266 in the NE group). There was no significant difference in 28-day mortality rate between the terlipressin group (40%) and the NE group (38%) (odds ratio 0.93 [95% CI 0.55–1.56]; p?=?0.80). Change in SOFA score on day 7 was similar between the two groups: ??7 (IQR ??11 to 3) in the terlipressin group and ??6 (IQR ??10 to 5) in the NE group. There was no difference between the groups in the number of days alive and free of vasopressors. Overall, serious adverse events were more common in the terlipressin group than in the NE group (30% vs 12%; p?<?0.001).

Conclusions

In this multicentre, randomised, double-blinded trial, we observed no difference in mortality between terlipressin and NE infusion in patients with septic shock. Patients in the terlipressin group had a higher number of serious adverse events.

Trial registration

This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: ID NCT01697410.

     

Chitosan based micro- and nanoparticles for colon-targeted delivery of vancomycin prepared by alternative processing methods

The aim of this work was to prepare chitosan (CH) based particulate formulations for colon delivery of vancomycin (VM). Chitosan microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with VM were prepared using different CH/tripolyphosphate (TPP) molar ratios and different technological processes. In particular, nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation and freeze-drying to recover these particles, or, alternatively, by spray-drying method. Microparticles were prepared using a different spray-dryer. Micro- and nanoparticles were characterized in terms of size distributions by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), while encapsulation and drug loading efficiencies were studied using a dialysis method. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to determine the surface composition of the micro- and nanoparticles respectively, and the morphologies of the developed systems were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Water uptake as well as drug release profiles were also measured. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive model strain, was evaluated. FT-IR results suggested an electrostatic interaction between VM and CH/TPP particles. Moreover, the particles were found to hold a positive zeta-potential, indicating the presence of CH on the particle surfaces. Particle size and encapsulation efficiency were mainly influenced by the different manufacturing processes employed. Nanoparticles obtained by spray-drying showed the best results in terms of water uptake and drug release rate. Moreover, they showed a good bactericidal activity against S. aureus.     

微小膜壳绦虫感染对ICR小鼠小肠LY6A(Sca-1)及IFN-γ、STAT1表达的影响

目的 探讨微小膜壳绦虫感染ICR小鼠小肠组织中LY6A及IFN-γ、STAT1的表达情况。方法 采集微小膜壳绦虫成虫标本并收集虫卵制作悬液。将ICR小鼠随机分为对照组和实验组,实验组以定量1 000个/只虫卵灌胃感染,于感染后第2 d和第8 d按照编号处死小鼠获取小肠组织。采用HE染色进行小肠组织病理学观察,RT-PCR技术检测LY6A、IFN-γ和STAT1的mRNA相对表达量,免疫组织化学技术检测小肠中LY6A蛋白阳性细胞的表达,并用PRM技术对LY6A蛋白和STAT1蛋白进行相对丰度定量。结果 HE染色结果显示感染后第8 d在肠腔内发现成虫节片,并且虫体寄生处出现急性炎症反应。RT-PCR检测显示感染第2 d实验组LY6A(t=12.57,P<0.001)和STAT1(t=12.13,P<0.001)的mRNA相对表达量低于对照组,而IFN-γ的mRNA相对表达量高于对照组(t=7.78,P<0.01);感染后第8 d实验组LY6A(t=10.01,P<0.001)和STAT1(t=11.19,P<0.001)的mRNA相对表达量高于对照组;而IFN-γ的mRNA相对表达量低于对照组(t=26.47,P<0.001)。免疫组化结果显示感染后第2 d实验组LY6A阳性细胞百分比高于对照组(t=4.26,P<0.01),感染后第8 d实验组LY6A蛋白阳性细胞百分比高于对照组(t=8.18,P<0.001)。PRM检测结果显示感染后第2 d实验组LY6A蛋白相对表达量低于对照组(t=6.55,P<0.05),实验组STAT1蛋白与对照组相比无统计学差异,感染后第8 d实验组LY6A蛋白(t=4.95,P<0.05)和STAT1(t=2.91,P<0.05)蛋白的相对表达量均高于对照组。结论 微小膜壳绦虫感染ICR小鼠小肠后LY6A(Sca-1)的mRNA水平和蛋白水平在幼虫侵入早期呈低表达,成虫期呈高表达;IFN-γ对LY6A的表达不起主导作用,而STAT1可能对LY6A(Sca-1)的表达起诱导作用。     

Laparoscopic versus open pancreatoduodenectomy: an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BackgroundRandomized trials have compared laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) to open pancreatoduodenectomy (OPD) with conflicting results. An IPDMA may give more insight into the differences between LPD and OPD, and could identify high-risk subgroups.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed in the Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane library databases (October 2019). Out of 1410 studies, three randomized trials were identified. Primary outcome was major complications (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ III). Subgroup analyses were performed for high-risk subgroups including patients with BMI of ≥25 kg/m2, pancreatic duct <3 mm, age ≥70 years, and malignancy.ResultsData from 224 patients were collected. After LPD, major complications occurred in 33/114 (29%) patients compared to 34/110 (31%) patients after OPD (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3–1.4, P = 0.257). No differences were seen for major complications and 90-day mortality LPD 8 (7%) vs OPD 4 (4%) (adjusted OR 0.2; 95% CI 0.02–1.3, P = 0.080). With LPD, operative time was longer (420 vs 318 min, p < 0.001) and hospital stay was shorter (mean difference ?6.97 days). Outcomes remained stable in the high-risk subgroups.ConclusionLPD did not reduce the rate of major postoperative complications as compared to OPD. LPD increased operative time and shortened hospital stay with 7 days.