人工智能在眼科疾病诊疗的应用现状

近年来，人工智能（artificial intelligence，AI）在医学领域的应用范围不断扩大，已成为医疗行业关注的焦点，在心血管疾病、乳腺癌、皮肤癌、糖尿病视网膜病变、白内障、青光眼及早产儿视网膜病变等诊疗中均有新进展。本综述旨在了解AI在眼科领域的应用现状、优势、进展及不足，为AI在眼科领域的进一步应用及推广提供更多信息。     

Utility of teledermatopathology for intraoperative margin assessment of melanoma in situ,lentigo maligna type: A 6 year community practice experience

BackgroundAchieving negative margins for melanoma in situ, lentigo maligna type can be challenging, particularly on cosmetically sensitive areas.ObjectiveTo assess the utility of intraoperative frozen section margin assessment using a teledermatopathology system in the treatment of head and neck lentigo maligna.Methods and materialsOver a 6 year period, 96 patients with lentigo maligna had surgical excisions. The margins were assessed intraoperatively with frozen sections prepared in the manner used in Mohs surgery. The surgeon guided the frozen section slides around the margin while a dermatopathologist assessed the margin remotely.ResultsIn 2/96 (2.1%) cases, the safety margin was positive (frozen sections were false negative). In 1 further case (1%) there was a recurrence of the melanoma 13 months following the excision.ConclusionThe described method is effective in treating melanoma in situ, lentigo maligna type with clearance rates similar to previous studies for Mohs surgery.     

基于平均最邻近和缓冲区分析方法的预防接种门诊空间分布特征分析

目的从空间角度分析黔南州预防接种门诊分布特征情况,为卫生资源的优化配置提供依据。方法采用平均最邻近和缓存区分析研究区域内预防接种门诊的空间分布模式以及服务范围。结果研究区域内预防接种门诊空间分布格局呈随机分布,预防接种服务最大服务范围未覆盖所有区域,其中预防接种门诊服务覆盖面积占比,长顺县最高为99.95%,独山县最低为83.12%。结论平均最邻近和缓冲区分析方法能直观地展示预防接种门诊空间分布特征以及测量服务范围,为合理设置预防接种门诊的提供参考依据。     

The chemokine CXCL9 expression is associated with better prognosis for colorectal carcinoma patients

The chemokine CXCL9 has been demonstrated to play an important role in the development of human malignancies. However, its prognostic significance in cancer patients remains unclear and less is known about its role in colonrectal carcinoma (CRC) patients. In this study, we found that the relative mRNA expression level of CXCL9 in primary colorectal tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in corresponding normal colon tissues. CXCL9 protein expression was also detected in 102 of 130 primary CRC patients by immunochemistry. Thus, CXCL9 might play a vital role in the progression of colorectal cancer. By analyzing the correlation between clinicopathological factors of patients and expression of CXCL9 protein, we showed that the expression of CXCL9 was significantly associated with tumor differentiation, tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and vascular invasion, but not with other factors of CRC patients including age, gender, tumor location and tumor size. Furthermore, by performing Kaplan–Meier method as well as Cox’s univariate and multivariate hazard regression model, we found that the higher the CXCL9 expression, the higher overall survival rate was observed, and CXCL9 expression was a significant independent prognostic factor for CRC patients. Therefore, CXCL9 is a useful predictor of better clinical outcome in CRC patients.