Rickettsia spp. in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks collected from stray dogs in Kerman city,Iran

Rickettsial diseases are recognized as one of the most important vector-borne infectious diseases for humans all over the world. Dogs and their ticks are considered the most important reservoirs for Rickettsia spp., especially in spotted fever group rickettsioses. The aim of the study was to investigate Rickettsia infections in ticks collected from stray dogs in southeastern Iran. In this study, 50 stray dogs in Kerman city were randomly selected, of 68% and 52% of which were above 8 months age and male, respectively. Ticks were collected from the dog skins. After identification of collected ticks, genomic DNA of all ticks was extracted. DNA samples were tested using real-time PCR for Rickettsia spp. infections. The species of Rickettsia in positive samples were determined using gltA gene amplification and sequencing. A total of 250 ticks were collected from 50 stray dogs and all of them belonged to Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato. Totally, 10 pooled of 50 pooled ticks were positive for Rickettsia spp. in real-time PCR and the minimal Rickettsial infection rate was 4% in this study. The identified Rickettsia spp. included R. massiliae (n = 5), R. rhipicephali (n = 1), and R. sibirica (n = 1). In this study, molecular evidence of Rickettsia spp. infection was observed in collected ticks from stray dogs in southeast Iran. More sensitivity to human and animal health care systems in southeastern Iran is essential to the diagnosis of suspected clinical cases that are related to rickettsiosis.     

Smoking Alters Inflammation and Skeletal Stem and Progenitor Cell Activity During Fracture Healing in Different Murine Strains

Smokers are at a higher risk of delayed union or nonunion after fracture repair. Few specific interventions are available for prevention because the molecular mechanisms that result in these negative sequelae are poorly understood. Murine models that mimic fracture healing in smokers are crucial in further understanding the local cellular and molecular alterations during fracture healing caused by smoking. We exposed three murine strains, C57BL/6J, 129X1/SvJ, and BALB/cJ, to cigarette smoke for 3 months before the induction of a midshaft transverse femoral osteotomy. We evaluated fracture healing 4 weeks after the osteotomy using radiography, micro-computed tomography (μCT), and biomechanical testing. Radiographic analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in the fracture healing capacity of smoking 129X1/SvJ mice. μCT results showed delayed remodeling of fracture calluses in all three strains after cigarette smoke exposure. Biomechanical testing indicated the most significant impairment in the functional properties of 129X1/SvJ in comparison with C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice after cigarette smoke exposure. Thus, the 129X1/SvJ strain is most suitable in simulating smoking-induced impaired fracture healing. Furthermore, in smoking 129X1/SvJ murine models, we investigated the molecular and cellular alterations in fracture healing caused by cigarette smoking using histology, flow cytometry, and multiplex cytokine/chemokine analysis. Histological analysis showed impaired chondrogenesis in cigarette smoking. In addition, the important reparative cell populations, including skeletal stem cells and their downstream progenitors, demonstrated decreased expansion after injury as a result of cigarette smoking. Moreover, significantly increased pro-inflammatory mediators and the recruitment of immune cells in fracture hematomas were demonstrated in smoking mice. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the significant cellular and molecular alterations during fracture healing impaired by smoking, including disrupted chondrogenesis, aberrant skeletal stem and progenitor cell activity, and a pronounced initial inflammatory response. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).     

镰刀菌对太子参品质影响及DON毒素在其煎煮过程中迁移规律研究

目的:探究镰刀菌对太子参品质的影响和太子参中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)毒素在其煎煮过程中的迁移规律。方法:采用反式培养法,探讨镰刀菌侵染太子参后DON毒素积累变化及对太子参质量的影响,计算水煎煮后汤液DON毒素的迁移率。结果:受镰刀菌侵染后,太子参表面会形成1层白色菌丝和黑色沉积物,DON毒素在太子参中随时间推移显著增加;受镰刀菌侵染的太子参中总皂苷和多糖含量分别为对照组的1.5、2.0倍,而太子参环肽B含量显著降低。镰刀菌侵染太子参20 d后,DON毒素质量分数达到45.40μg·kg–1,DON毒素煎煮后转移率为12.50%~27.90%。结论:研究结果为制定中药材DON毒素限量标准及临床安全用药提供了参考。     

药用植物金荞麦中黄酮类化合物积累的时空变化规律

目的 探究药用植物金荞麦不同生育期各器官中黄酮类化合物积累的时空分布规律,为金荞麦合理采收、资源化利用和高价值开发提供科学依据。方法 以根茎繁殖不同生长年限的金荞麦为研究对象,在不同生育时期采集根、茎、叶、花器官,采用高效液相色谱法测定各器官样品中儿茶素、表儿茶素、芦丁和总黄酮含量。结果 随着金荞麦生育期推进,植株不同器官的黄酮类化合物积累增加,以秋季地上部分枯萎后的含量最高;不同生育时期叶片中的儿茶素、表儿茶素、芦丁和总黄酮含量均显著高于根茎和茎秆（P<0.05）。不同器官间儿茶素、表儿茶素、芦丁和总黄酮含量差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,花中儿茶素、芦丁和总黄酮含量最高;表儿茶素含量在茎秆中最低。黄酮类物质含量在根茎不同部位差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,表儿茶素和总黄酮含量在根茎不同组织部位表现为须根>韧皮部>根茎（不含须根）>木质部（P<0.05）,儿茶素和芦丁分别在须根和韧皮部含量最高。1年生与2年生金荞麦植株不同器官的黄酮类化合物含量差异无统计学意义。结论 在不考虑产量的前提下,根茎繁殖金荞麦种植1年即可采收,适宜采收期为11月上旬。     

骨碎补内生菌Lecanicillium sp. GZWMJZ-847中3个新3-氢化萘特特拉姆酸衍生物

目的 研究骨碎补内生蜡蚧菌Lecanicillium sp. GZWMJZ-847的次级代谢产物和抑菌活性。方法 采用大米培养基对菌株Lecanicillium sp. GZWMJZ-847发酵;采用凝胶柱色谱、正反相硅胶色谱等方法对化合物进行分离纯化;采用核磁共振谱、质谱、NMR计算等方法确定化合物的化学结构;采用营养肉汤稀释法测试化合物对病原细菌及酵母菌的抑菌活性、平板法测试化合物对病原霉菌的抑菌活性。结果 从菌株的发酵产物中分离鉴定了3个新的和3个已知的3-氢化萘特特拉姆酸衍生物,包括蜡蚧特特拉姆酸A（1）、蜡蚧特特拉姆酸B（2）、蜡蚧特特拉姆酸C（3）、Sch 210971（4）、Sch 210972（5）、Sch 213766（6）。化合物1和4～6对4株人体革兰阳性病原菌和1株植物革兰阴性病原菌具有抑制作用,最小抑菌浓度（minimun inhibitory concentration,MIC）为7.8～125 mmol/L。化合物6对油菜菌核病菌和小麦赤霉病菌表现出一定的抑制作用,半数抑制浓度分别为（22.05±0.62）、（55.54±1.72）μg/mL。结论 蜡蚧特特拉姆酸A～C（1～3）为新的3-氢化萘特特拉姆酸衍生物,骨碎补内生菌Lecanicillium sp. GZWMJZ-847产生的3-氢化萘特特拉姆酸对人体病原菌和植物病原菌可表现出抑制作用。     

基于FNAB的分子检测技术在甲状腺结节诊断中的研究进展

随着各种检测技术的相继问世,甲状腺结节的检出率明显上升。尽管大多数甲状腺结节是良性的,但良恶性病变之间的判定仍然是临床医生面临的挑战。对于所有可疑甲状腺结节患者均应进行颈部超声检查。甲状腺超声可评估结节特征,某些甲状腺结节具有可疑恶性超声征象。然而,这些特征缺乏准确性,无法明确诊断结节的良恶性。目前的指南仍然推荐超声引导细针穿刺活检（FNAB）作为评估甲状腺结节良恶性的首选检查。FNAB是一种经济高效的诊断方法,由于其创伤小,敏感性和特异性较高,可用于术前评估甲状腺结节的性质,已成为临床不可或缺的检查手段之一。近年来国内关于FNAB的报道日益增多,国内外指南关于FNAB指征尚有争议,同时由于其自身存在一定的局限性,FNAB技术的全面实施需要严格把握指征及准确判读穿刺病理结果。FNAB虽然是术前评估甲状腺结节最常用的诊断技术,但仍有灰区结节需要进一步诊断研究。为了制定合理的手术方案及判断预后,指南推荐术前可测定促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平。FNAB作为一个简单且相对无创的技术,但也可产生相应的并发症,FNAB的并发症主要与甲状腺结节的位置、穿刺针的直径、穿刺医师的操作经验等因素相关,严重程度较轻,多呈自限性。对于FNAB无法诊断或意义不明确的非典型病变或滤泡性病变,学者们一直在努力寻找一种新的方法来精确地诊断甲状腺癌。分子生物学方法是目前的最佳选择。分子生物学方法通过检测特定甲状腺肿瘤易感基因的驱动突变来确认甲状腺肿瘤活检的恶性程度,如BRAF和RAS癌基因突变、RET/PTC重排和TERT突变检测,从而提高术前诊断效率。甲状腺乳头状癌最常见的转移部位是局部淋巴结,虽然FNAB对异常淋巴结有诊断价值,但小或囊性淋巴结可能由于缺乏肿瘤细胞而无法诊断。检测可疑颈部淋巴结细针穿刺活检冲洗液中甲状腺球蛋白含量可作为细胞学诊断的辅助手段。笔者认为FNAB联合分子生物学的多层次诊断体系可提高术前诊断的精准性,对指导治疗、判断预后具有重要价值。     

应用德尔菲法确定骨质疏松高风险人群评估工具及评价指标

目的运用德尔菲法筛选骨质疏松高风险人群的评估工具和评价指标,为临床骨质疏松高风险人群的辨识提供依据。方法在文献研究基础上,结合专家意见设计调查问卷,对骨质疏松领域专家进行两轮调查,统计分析专家积极系数、意见集中程度和协调程度。结果第一轮发放问卷20份收回20份,第二轮发放30份收回28份,专家积极系数分别为100%和93.33%。结果显示,骨质疏松风险一分钟测试题、中医评估量表和亚洲人骨质疏松症自我筛查工具可作为骨质疏松高风险人群的风险评估初筛工具;双能X线吸收检测法、骨转换指标、血钙血磷3项应作为主要的辅助检查内容;骨密度、中医证候积分、血钙血磷、平衡能力、生活质量评分、骨转换指标、疼痛视觉模拟评分、跌倒次数、骨折发生次数可作为重点的评价指标。结论基于德尔菲法确定了骨质疏松高风险人群的评估工具及评价指标,为骨质疏松高风险人群的筛选评价提供参考。     

Experience sharing of conservative treatment after a 90-year-old male replacing the suprapubic bladder catheter enters the small intestine: A rare case report

IntroductionThe treatment of intestinal perforation caused by the SBC enters the small intestine in elderly patients is a challenge for urologists. The report is to share our experience of conservative treatment after a 90-year-old male with the suprapubic bladder catheter enters the small intestine.Presentation of caseBecause of the device was obstructed, a 90-year-old male went to our hospital with his family and requested to replace the SBC. When the fistula tube was replaced, it entered the intestine through the intestinal injury site instead of entering the bladder. During the hospitalization, the patient was given supportive treatments and the SBC was dynamically monitored daily and it was intermittently withdrawn out during this period. After the drainage volume was less than 10 mL for three consecutive days and the intestinal fistula was healing gradually, the catheter was taken out.DiscussionAccording to our experience, the common complications in the process include failure to pull out the SBC, abnormal position of the SBC, and poor drainage of the SBC. However, the drainage tube placing into the small intestine through the original hole of the suprapubic bladder fistula during the replacement process is quite rare. When elderly patients have traumatic small bowel perforation, the diagnosis and treatment of intestinal perforation in elderly patients was particularly important.ConclusionThe conservative treatment of intestinal perforation is suitable for elderly patients who are unsuitable or unwilling to undergo a surgical operation. Of course, it should be in accordance with the patient's condition to make the right choice of treatment.     

中学生儿童期心理虐待情绪智力及特质愤怒与攻击性行为关系

  目的  探讨中学生情绪智力与特质愤怒在儿童期心理虐待及攻击性行为之间的内在作用机制,为维护中学生身心健康,对其攻击性行为进行干预提供理论依据。  方法  采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,选取贵州省2 458名中学生,采用心理虐待量表、攻击性行为量表、情绪智力量表、特质愤怒量表进行团体施测。  结果  不同性别学生攻击性行为、特质愤怒及情绪智力得分差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为2.19,5.12,-2.34,P值均 < 0.05),不同生源地中学生攻击性行为、心理虐待、情绪智力及特质愤怒差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-18.77,-6.04,9.10,-9.94,P值均 < 0.05);儿童期心理虐待(r=0.41)、气质型特质愤怒(r=0.52)及反应型特质愤怒(r=0.49)与攻击性行为均呈正相关(P值均 < 0.05);情绪智力与攻击性行为呈负相关(r=-0.33,P < 0.05);多重中介效应检验表明,情绪智力、气质型特质愤怒及反应型特质愤怒在儿童期心理虐待与攻击性行为间起多重中介作用。  结论  儿童期心理虐待不仅能直接影响中学生攻击性行为,还能通过情绪智力与特质愤怒进一步影响攻击性行为。情绪智力与特质愤怒是儿童期心理虐待影响攻击性行为重要的内部机制。     

基于共享理念的急诊CTA应急平台构建与效果评价

目的基于共享理念的急诊CTA应急平台构建与效果评价。方法选取2019年1—9月急诊CTA检查患者为对照组,2019年11月—2020年8月急诊CTA检查患者为观察组。对照组采用常规急诊值班制,观察组建立急诊CTA应急平台。对申请检查科室、检查项目进行描述性统计,比较两组CTA检查时间及入院患者预后转归情况。结果申请科室以急诊内科为主,检查项目以头颅、胸腹部为主,急诊CTA检查时间对照组中位数为46 min,观察组中位数为20 min,两组对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),对照组37例患者中有8例(21.7%)致残,观察组103例患者中有8例(7.8%)致残,两组对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论组建急诊CTA应急平台能缩短急诊CTA影像学检查时间,降低致残率,提高患者生活质量,优化护理人力资源,值得临床推广。