剑突下微切口二孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床应用体会

目的 探讨剑突下3 mm鞘管（微切口）二孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的应用体会。方法 回顾性分析2018年6月至2019年5月在宁夏医科大学附属吴忠市人民医院和宁夏回族自治区人民医院实施剑突下微切口（4 mm）,配合右侧腋前线肋缘下针式组合式显露器进行二孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的36例患者临床资料。结果 36例中除1例改为三孔法外,其余35例均顺利完成手术,成功率97.2%。手术时间（38.2±10.5）min,术后平均住院时间2.3 d,所有患者术后均无出血、胆漏、胆道损伤等并发症的发生。总体住院费用低于三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术。结论 剑突下微切口二孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术,术中显露满意,操作方便易学,术后外观几乎等同于单孔腹腔镜效果,此术式符合微创美观、操作简便、经济实用、安全可靠的原则,值得进一步推广。     

乳腺癌术后患者支持性照护需求的纵向研究

目的 了解乳腺癌患者手术后不同阶段支持性照护需求现状及影响因素,为制定不同阶段支持性照护干预方案提供依据。方法 采用癌症患者支持性需求简明问卷对初次确诊的126例乳腺癌患者分别在手术后第3天、第14天、1个月、3个月、6个月进行调查。结果 乳腺癌术后患者支持性照护需求在术后第14天得分最高,自术后1个月后逐渐下降。不同特征乳腺癌患者术后6个月支持性照护需求比较,差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。不同阶段乳腺癌手术后患者支持性照护需求的主要影响因素包括医疗服务满意度、包块部位、主要照顾人员、职业、对疾病了解程度、获取疾病知识的主要途径、业余爱好、肿瘤类型(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 初次诊断乳腺癌患者手术后各阶段均存在支持性照护需求,且各维度随着时间的推移呈动态变化,建议医务人员进一步加强对患者的健康信息及支持照护指导,并针对主要影响因素与照顾者共同制订有效的干预措施,满足患者不同阶段的支持性照护需求。     

颅内动脉粥样硬化与绝经后女性骨密度相关性研究

目的观察颅内动脉粥样硬化与绝经后女性骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)相关性。方法研究人群包括100名绝经后妇女,对受试者进行腰椎双能X线扫描,通过脑三维磁共振血管造影来评估受试者基底动脉、中脑、颅内颈内动脉和颅内椎动脉的粥样硬化情况。T值-1被定义为低骨量。所有分析均通过颅内动脉粥样硬化定位分层。结果 100名绝经后女性年龄范围为55～75岁。颅内动脉粥样硬化中颅内后循环(PC)动脉和颅内前循环(AC)动脉患病率分别为64%和67%。颅内动脉粥样硬化中AC与女性患者的低BMD相关。颅内动脉粥样硬化中PC的女性血磷水平显著升高,而T值显著低于颅内动脉粥样硬化中无PC的女性,高脂血症和低BMD在PC颅内动脉粥样硬化女性中更为常见,低BMD与PC中的颅内动脉粥样硬化显著相关。结论低BMD与女性亚临床颅内PC和AC动脉粥样硬化有关。     

Meta-analysis of the Efficacies of Extended and Standard Pancreatoduodenectomy for Ductal Adenocarcinoma of the Head of the Pancreas

Background

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of extended pancreatoduodenectomy (EPD) and standard pancreatoduodenectomy (SPD) for ductal adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas via meta-analysis.

Methods

Relevant articles (published between 1995 and 2012) were compiled from online data sources. A total of nine studies satisfied the selection criteria, including a total of 973 patients (478 in the SPD group and 495 in the EPD group). Evaluation parameters included 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival, as well as mortality, morbidity, and specific morbidity outcomes.

Results

Meta-analysis revealed (1) differences in morbidity (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.740; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.840–3.600; P = 0.140), mortality (OR = 0.890; 95 % CI, 0.560–1.400; P = 0.620), 1-year overall survival (OS) rate (OR = 1.20; 95 % CI, 0.490–2.930; P = 0.69), 3-year OS rate (OR = 0.770; 95 % CI, 0.460–1.280; P = 0.190), and 5-year OS rate (OR = 1.12; 95 % CI, 0.690–1.810; P = 0.560) were not significant between EPD and SPD. (2) For bile leak (OR = 2.640; 95 % CI, 1.040–6.700; P = 0.040), pancreatic leak (OR = 1.740; 95 % CI, 1.040–2.91; P = 0.030), delayed gastric emptying (OR = 2.090; 95 % CI, 1.240–3.520; P = 0.006), and lymphatic fistula (OR = 6.120; 95 % CI, 1.06–35.320; P = 0.040) differences between EPD and SPD were significant, whereas other specific morbidities were not significantly different.

Conclusions

Extended pancreatoduodenectomy does not improve 1-, 3-, 5-year OS rates compared to SPD and there is a trend toward increased bile leak, pancreatic leak, delayed gastric emptying, and lymphatic fistula after EPD.     

Simply influenza A (H3N2)-associated encephalitis with seizure

Influenza-associated acute encephalopathy (IAE) is more prevalent in children than in adults and often results in neurological sequelae or even death. Diagnosis of IAE is difficult as clinical presentation varies significantly and the influenza virus is rarely detected in cerebrospinal fluid. Moreover, seizures in adults due to influenza infection are rare. Herein, we describe the case of an adult presenting with both acute encephalitis and seizures.A 38-year-old female was admitted to the emergency department with acute respiratory symptoms and fever, followed by quick progression to stupor within 24 h. A rapid antigen test was influenza A-positive, and polymerase chain reaction of nasal secretions confirmed the H3N2 subtype. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral water restriction lesions at the thalamus and the cerebellum and an electroencephalogram showed frequent episodic generalized sharp-and-slow waves over the bilateral frontal region. Based on the neuroimaging and laboratory findings, we diagnosed the patient with adult influenza A (H3N2)-related encephalitis complicated by seizure. Treatment with oseltamivir and anticonvulsants led to complete neurologic recovery by day 14.This report describes two unusual neurological manifestations of influenza A, i.e., encephalitis and seizures, in an adult. We emphasize that, in adults presenting with acute viral encephalitis, clinicians should consider influenza infection as part of the differential diagnosis, and that typical neuroimaging in conjunction with laboratory detection of influenza virus and/or intrathecal antibody production suggestive of IAE, may help establish an accurate diagnosis.     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像评估肺癌患者预后

目的 分析¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT评估肺癌患者预后的价值。方法 回顾性分析109例肺癌患者的¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT及临床资料,测量病灶最大标准摄取值（SUV_max）,并计算SUV_max与肿瘤最大径（D）比值（SUV_max/D）。采用Kaplan-Merier法绘制生存曲线,以COX单因素及多因素回归模型分析肺癌患者无进展生存期及总生存期的影响因素。结果 109例患者SUV_max为1.50~34.90,中位数为7.90;SUV_max/D为1.88~6.86 cm^-1,中位数为1.90 cm^-1;中位总生存期22个月,中位无进展生存期19个月。单因素COX回归分析结果显示,SUV_max、临床分期、SUV_max/D是无进展生存期的影响因素,SUV_max、临床分期、D是总生存期的影响因素（P均<0.05）。多因素COX回归分析显示,SUV_max、临床分期是无进展生存期及总生存期的独立预测因子（P均<0.01）。结论 肺癌病灶SUV_max、SUV_max/D对患者生存期有预测价值;SUV_max可能作为生存期的独立预测因子。