Endoscopic variceal ligation is superior to combined ligation and sclerotherapy for esophageal varices: A multicenter prospective randomized trial

Patients who have bled from varices remain at risk for rebleeding. There is interest in methods that would enable rapid eradication of varices. The present trial was designed to study whether combining ligation with sclerotherapy will allow quicker eradication of varices than either modality alone. Patients with bleeding esophageal varices were randomized into ligation or combination therapy groups. Patients in the ligation group were treated with endoscopic rubber band ligation alone. In combination group patients, each variceal column was ligated distally and 1 mL of ethanolamine was injected proximal to each ligated site. Subsequent treatment sessions were at 7- to 14-day intervals until varices were eradicated. The clinical and endoscopic characteristics of 25 patients in the ligation group were similar to those of 22 patients in the combination group. Follow-up was up to 30 months. Active bleeding was controlled in 100% of patients in the ligation group and 75% of those in combination group (P = NS). It took 3.3 +/- .4 (range, 1-7) sessions to eradicate varices with ligation and 4.1 +/- .6 (1-7) with combination therapy (P = NS). Survival (four deaths in ligation group, 8 in combination group), rebleeding rate (25% vs. 36%), and varix recurrence (16% vs. 23%) also were similar. There were more complications with combination therapy, including deep ulcers (65% vs. 20%; P < .05); dysphagia (30% vs. 0%; P < .05), with three strictures requiring dilation; and pain (30% vs. 10%; P = NS). Our results show that sclerotherapy combined with ligation offers no benefit over ligation alone. The higher complication rate with combination therapy does not warrant this approach.(Hepatology 1997 Jan;25(1):71-4)     

骨疏康胶囊联合骨化三醇和阿仑膦酸钠治疗骨质疏松的临床研究

目的观察骨疏康胶囊联合骨化三醇和阿仑膦酸钠治疗骨质疏松的临床疗效。方法选取西安交通大学医学院附属红会医院2015年1月—2015年10月就诊的骨质疏松症患者106例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各53例。对照组患者口服骨化三醇胶丸,0.25μg/次,1次/d,阿仑膦酸钠片70 mg/次,1次/周,治疗组在对照组的基础上口服骨疏康胶囊,4粒/次,2次/d。两组均连续治疗6个月。观察两组的临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者的骨密度(BMD)、骨钙素、血清钙和碱性磷酸酶。结果对照组和治疗组的临床总有效率为79.25%和88.68%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后两组腰椎2-4(L2~4)、股骨颈、股骨大转子的BMD均较治疗前显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组治疗后L2~4、股骨颈、股骨大转子的BMD均显著大于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组骨钙素和血清钙均较治疗前显著升高,碱性磷酸酶较治疗前显著降低,同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组的变化更显著,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论骨疏康胶囊联合骨化三醇和阿仑膦酸钠治疗骨质疏松临床疗效确切,可明显改善骨密度等指标,安全性高,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

血必净注射液对小鼠系统性红斑狼疮的治疗作用

Objective: To observe the effects of Xuebijing Injection (血必净注射液) on dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocytes, and the potential mechanisms of its therapeutic effect on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: A widely used mouse model, SLE-prone BLLF1 mice aged 8–10 weeks, was employed. Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: a normal group, a model group and two treatment groups treated with Xuebijing Injection with a dose of 6.4 mL/kg via intraperitoneal administration for SLE-prone BLLF1 mice aged 8 weeks (treatment A group) and 10 weeks (treatment B group). Renal tissue sections were stained with Masson''s trichrome and periodic acid-silver methenamine. Histopathological changes in the kidney were evaluated by a light microscopy. The capacity of the DCs isolated from the spleen to stimulate the T cell proliferation in response to concanavalin A (Con A) was determined. Results: Compared with the model group, levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies in the two treatment groups decreased remarkablely (P<0.01, P<0.05), and levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen increased (P<0.01, P<0.05). Pathological changes were found in the kidney in the model group. Histopathological abnormalities were alleviated in the two treatment groups. Treatment with Xuebijing injection also significantly upregulated the expression of CD80, CD86 and major histocompatibility class Ⅱ by DCs compared with the model group (P<0.05). When splenic T lymphocytes from BLLF1 mice were co-cultured with DCs at ratios of 1:100, 1:150 and 1:200 for 3 and 5 days, the proliferation of T lymphocytes was suppressed compared with the normal group (P<0.05), but this was restored by Xuebijing Injection under the same conditions. In the model group, levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in supernatants were significantly elevated compared with the normal group (P<0.01), interleukin-2 levels decreased (P<0.05), while these changes were significantly alleviated in the Xuebijing treatment groups. Conclusions: Xuebijing Injection alleviated renal injury in SLE-prone BLLF-1 mice. The mechanism might be through influencing T cell polarization mediated by DCs, and Xuebijing Injection might be a potential drug that suppresses immune dysfunction in patients with SLE.     

磷酸二甲啡烷治疗干性咳嗽的临床疗效及安全性评价

目的评价磷酸二甲啡烷治疗干性咳嗽的临床疗效和安全性。方法将378例干性咳嗽患者随机分为试验组216例、阳性对照组108例和安慰剂组54例。试验组予以口服磷酸二甲啡烷20 mg,tid,5~7 d;阳性对照组予以口服氢溴酸右美沙芬30 mg,tid,5~7 d;安慰剂组予以磷酸二甲啡烷模拟片20 mg或氢溴酸右美沙芬模拟片30 mg,tid,5~7 d。比较3组患者的临床疗效、治疗5~7 d后咳嗽症状总积分的变化,以及不良反应发生率。结果治疗后,试验组、阳性对照组、安慰剂组的咳嗽症状临床有效率分别为81.02%,84.26%,38.89%。试验组的咳嗽症状临床有效率与安慰剂组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),与阳性对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组、阳性对照组、安慰剂组的咳嗽症状总积分相对基线的平均下降值分别为(2.34±1.42),(2.43±1.55),(1.39±1.20)。试验组的咳嗽症状总积分下降显著优于安慰剂组(P<0.01),与阳性对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组、阳性对照组、安慰剂组的不良事件发生率分别为4.21%,12.01%,5.66%,其中与药物相关的不良事件的发生率分别为1.87%,10.19%,5.66%。结论磷酸二甲啡烷在治疗干性咳嗽时镇咳效果确切,且磷酸二甲啡烷在治疗干性咳嗽时的镇咳效果与氢溴酸右美沙芬相当,两药的安全性相似。     

Homeopathic Agents or Vitamins in Reducing Ecchymosis after Oculofacial Surgery: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology

PurposeTo review the published literature to determine the efficacy and safety of homeopathic agents or vitamins in reducing ecchymosis after oculofacial surgery or laser surgery.MethodsA literature search was conducted in the PubMed database initially in December 2019 and updated in March 2020 to identify all studies in the English language literature on the use of homeopathic agents or vitamins in oculofacial procedures, including laser surgery. The search yielded 124 citations, and 11 articles met all inclusion criteria for this assessment. A panel methodologist then assigned a level of evidence rating for each study. Eleven studies met inclusion criteria; 9 were rated level I, and 2 were rated level III.ResultsThe agents studied in the articles identified included oral or topical Arnica montana (AM), oral Melilotus extract, topical vitamin K oxide, and topical AM combined with Rhododendron tomentosum. Metrics to describe ecchymosis varied. In 7 controlled studies, perioperative AM provided no or negligible benefit versus placebo. In 2 studies, vitamin K cream was equivalent to placebo. One study of oral Melilotus extract had less ecchymosis compared with controls in paranasal and eyelid ecchymosis at postoperative day (POD) 7, but not at PODs 1 and 4. A lone cohort study of combined topical AM and R. tomentosum lacked objective metrics and adequate controls. No serious side effects from administration of homeopathic agents or vitamins were identified.ConclusionsThe current literature does not support the use of AM, vitamin K oxide, R. tomentosum, or Melilotus extract for reducing ecchymosis after oculofacial surgery or pulsed dye laser surgery.