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81.
目的分析和探讨福建省吸毒人群中艾滋病病毒(HIV)流行情况及其相关危险行为。方法在福州市、泉州市和厦门市设立吸毒者艾滋病监测哨点,通过社区药物维持治疗门诊和强制戒毒所招募监测对象,收集吸毒者血清学和行为学相关信息。结果福州市、泉州市和厦门市吸毒人群中估计HIV感染率和95%可信区间(CI)分别为0.5%(95%CI:0.087~1.995)、0.5%(95%CI:0.087~1.995)和0(95%CI:0.022~1.143)。吸毒者艾滋病防治知识知晓率为80.3%,而且随着文化程度的提高,其知识知晓率也在不断增加。Logistic回归分析表明,与外省籍吸毒者相比,福建籍吸毒者曾经共用注射器吸毒的比值比(OR)是0.543(95%CI:0.327~0.900);与社区吸毒者相比,强制戒毒所中吸毒者曾经共用注射器吸毒的OR值是6.181(95%CI:3.611~10.582)。结论福建省吸毒人群中存在一些HIV蔓延扩散的危险因素,必须密切关注吸毒人群中相关危险行为的动态变化情况,采取积极有效的干预措施。 相似文献
82.
Gabriela Paz-Bailey William Miller Ray W. Shiraishi Jerry O. Jacobson Taiwo O. Abimbola Sanny Y. Chen 《AIDS and behavior》2013,17(9):3081-3090
We present a comparison of respondent-driven sampling (RDS) and time-location sampling (TLS) for behavioral surveillance studies among men who have sex with men (MSM). In 2010, we conducted two simultaneous studies using TLS (N = 609) and RDS (N = 507) in Guatemala city. Differences in characteristics of the population reached based on weighted estimates as well as the time and cost of recruitment are presented. RDS MSM were marginally more likely to self-report as heterosexual, less likely to disclose sexual orientation to family members and more likely to report sex with women than TLS MSM. Although RDS MSM were less likely than TLS MSM to report ≥2 non-commercial male partners, they were more likely to report selling sex in the past 12 months. The cost per participant was $89 and $121 for RDS and TLS, respectively. Our results suggest that RDS reached a more hidden sub-population of non-gay-identifying MSM than TLS and had a lower implementation cost. 相似文献
83.
Steven D. Pinkerton Ana P. Johnson-Masotti David R. Holtgrave Paul G. Farnham 《AIDS and behavior》2002,6(1):15-31
Because resources to fund HIV prevention are limited, public health decision makers—such as health departments and HIV prevention community planning groups—need to know which prevention strategies are the most cost-effective. In the past several years, a number of studies have appeared in the literature that assess the cost-effectiveness of interventions to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV in the United States. Here, we comprehensively review 16 such studies and then outline an agenda for further research to advance the cost-effectiveness literature and to make the findings of these studies more useful for public health decision makers. The research summarized here provides compelling evidence that interventions to prevent sexual transmission of HIV can be highly cost-effective. Small-group, community-level, and outreach-based sexual risk reduction interventions, in particular, appear to be very efficient strategies for preventing the spread of HIV in moderate- to high-risk populations. 相似文献
84.
Wolitski RJ Pals SL Kidder DP Courtenay-Quirk C Holtgrave DR 《AIDS and behavior》2009,13(6):1222-1232
HIV-related stigma negatively affects the lives of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Homeless/unstably housed PLWHA experience
myriad challenges and may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of HIV-related stigma. Homeless/unstably housed PLWHA
from 3 U.S. cities (N = 637) completed computer-assisted interviews that measured demographics, self-assessed physical and mental health, medical
utilization, adherence, HIV disclosure, and risk behaviors. Internal and perceived external HIV stigma were assessed and combined
for a total stigma score. Higher levels of stigma were experienced by women, homeless participants, those with a high school
education or less, and those more recently diagnosed with HIV. Stigma was strongly associated with poorer self-assessed physical
and mental health, and perceived external stigma was associated with recent non-adherence to HIV treatment. Perceived external
stigma was associated with decreased HIV disclosure to social network members, and internal stigma was associated with drug
use and non-disclosure to sex partners. Interventions are needed to reduce HIV-related stigma and its effects on the health
of homeless/unstably housed PLWHA. 相似文献
85.
Abhijeet Anand Ray W. Shiraishi Abdullahi Ahmed Sheikh Lawrence H. Marum Omotayo Bolu Winfred Mutsotso Keith Sabin Robert Ayisi Theresa Diaz 《Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH》2009,14(10):1215-1219
Objective To determine the role of participant factors on the acceptance of a Prevention-of-Mother-to-Child (PMTCT) HIV test programme in a situation with an opt-out testing strategy.
Methods We analysed antenatal clinic (ANC) HIV sentinel surveillance data. All 43 sites in the 2005 round of Kenya's ANC surveillance offered opt-out PMTCT services and recorded if women were offered PMTCT HIV testing and whether they accepted or refused. Logistic regression was used to determine the role of participant-level factors on PMTCT acceptance.
Results During the period of sentinel surveillance, 13 026 women attended ANC and testing was offered to 12 030 women. Of those offered testing, 9690 (80.5%) accepted, with a large variation in the percent of acceptors by site. Age, residence and educational status were significant determinants of PMTCT acceptance. However, after adjusting for site none of the participant-level factors were significant determinants of PMTCT acceptance.
Conclusions Participant level factors were not significant determinants of PMTCT HIV test acceptance after adjusting for sites. PMTCT programmes should collect and evaluate the role of site-level (provider and testing service) factors on PMTCT acceptance. Improvement of site-level factors could improve PMTCT uptake. 相似文献
Methods We analysed antenatal clinic (ANC) HIV sentinel surveillance data. All 43 sites in the 2005 round of Kenya's ANC surveillance offered opt-out PMTCT services and recorded if women were offered PMTCT HIV testing and whether they accepted or refused. Logistic regression was used to determine the role of participant-level factors on PMTCT acceptance.
Results During the period of sentinel surveillance, 13 026 women attended ANC and testing was offered to 12 030 women. Of those offered testing, 9690 (80.5%) accepted, with a large variation in the percent of acceptors by site. Age, residence and educational status were significant determinants of PMTCT acceptance. However, after adjusting for site none of the participant-level factors were significant determinants of PMTCT acceptance.
Conclusions Participant level factors were not significant determinants of PMTCT HIV test acceptance after adjusting for sites. PMTCT programmes should collect and evaluate the role of site-level (provider and testing service) factors on PMTCT acceptance. Improvement of site-level factors could improve PMTCT uptake. 相似文献
86.
87.
Chunqing Lin Zunyou Wu Keming Rou Wenyuan Yin Changhe Wang Steven Shoptaw Roger Detels 《Journal of substance abuse treatment》2010
This study identifies structural-level factors influencing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) program implementation in China. Twenty-eight service providers and 560 randomly selected clients from 28 MMT clinics in the study area underwent face-to-face interviews. Number of clients, retention rate, coverage, and structural-level factors were collected from a survey of service providers. Individual-level factors and self-reported illicit drug use information were obtained from clients. Urine specimens were collected from the client participants to test for heroin use. Clinics affiliated with the local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) had more clients, higher retention rates, and broader coverage than those not affiliated with the CDC. Longer operating hours, incentive for compliant clients, and comprehensive services were positively associated with client recruitment and coverage. Comprehensive services and incentives for compliant clients were negatively associated with concurrent illicit drug use. Comprehensive services should be incorporated into the MMT program. Extended operating hours and incentives for compliant clients should be implemented. 相似文献
88.
Zhongwei Jia PhD Yurong Mao Fujie Zhang Prof Yuhua Ruan Ye Ma Jian Li Wei Guo Enwu Liu Zhihui Dou Yan Zhao Lu Wang Qianqian Li Houlin Tang Jing Han Xia Jin Juan Xu Ran Xiong Decai Zhao Ping LiXia Wang MPH Liyan Wang Qianqian Qing Zhengwei Ding Ray Y Chen Prof Zhongfu Liu Prof Yiming Shao 《Lancet》2013
89.
目的探索女性性工作者(female sex workers,FSWs)对阴道外用杀微生物剂的可接受性及其影响因素。方法采用横断面调查的方法,于2008年9月至2009年1月在云南德宏、四川乐山和辽宁沈阳3现场共抽取968名FSWs作为研究对象,以面对面访谈方式进行问卷调查。主要评价指标包括杀微生物剂可接受性得分、危险性行为、安全套使用率、性病史、艾滋病/性病感知风险等。结果被调查的FSWs对杀微生物剂的可接受性平均得分为(2.88±0.58)分。可接受性受FSWs的所在地区、性服务场所的档次与性质、年龄、文化程度、是否主动要求使用和被拒绝使用安全套、是否检测过HIV抗体、是否担心感染艾滋病/性病、妊娠史和阴道外用药史等因素影响。结论接受调查的FSWs对使用杀微生物剂的态度普遍较积极,提示杀微生物剂有可能作为安全套的补充措施,满足女性在艾滋病/性病预防中的特殊需要。 相似文献
90.
目的了解艾滋病病毒感染者及病人生存质量的现状并分析其相关因素。方法应用世界卫生组织生活质量量表(WHOQOL-BREFF)中文版评价艾滋病病毒感染者及病人的生存质量,同时调查可能影响生活质量的人口学特征和HIV感染有关特征。采用t检验、方差分析进行单因素分析,多元线性回归模型分析生理、心理、社会关系及环境4大领域的影响因素。结果 300例艾滋病病毒感染者及病人生存质量4大领域平均得分分别为:生理领域(14.04±1.87)分、心理领域(12.48±1.88)分、社会关系领域(12.78±2.25)分、环境领域(11.87±2.00)分。配偶的文化程度越高其本人的心理、社会关系和环境领域得分越高;静脉注射途径在各领域中得分最低。结论应加强年轻患者、抗病毒治疗患者和静脉注射感染者的心理健康辅导,以提高生存质量。 相似文献