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目的了解天津市低档场所女性性服务者(FSW)人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、梅毒螺旋体(TP)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)的流行现状及影响因素。方法2013-2014年每年的4-6月对天津市3个区县采用分层多阶段整群抽样方法,对低档场所FSW进行问卷调查和血清学检测。结果共监测1 377人,平均年龄为(33.20±8.755)岁,艾滋病知识知晓率为60.7%(836/1 377),最近1个月与客人发生性行为时每次均使用安全套的比例为81.4%(1 121/1 377),最近1年接受检测比例仅为27.3%(295/1 081);HIV、TP和HCV阳性检出率分别为0.1%(2例)、7.6%(104例)和1.4%(19例)。汉族(OR=0.261,95%CI=0.141~0.486)与最近1个月与客人发生性行为时每次均使用安全套(OR=0.491,95%CI=0.314~0.769)为FSW感染TP的保护因素,最近1年被诊断患过性病(OR=8.120,95%CI=2.815~23.423)为感染TP的危险因素。结论天津市低档场所FSW接受HIV检测的比例较低,艾滋病知识知晓率低,感染性病艾滋病的风险较大。 相似文献
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An Liu Ruolei Xin Hongwei Zhang Lili Dai Ruojun Wu Xi Wang Aixin Li Wei Hua Jianwei Li Ying Shao Yue Gao Zhangli Wang Jiangzhu Ye Gulimila A bu dou re xi ti Zaicun Li Lijun Sun 《中华医学杂志(英文版)》2022,135(22):2725
Background:Single-tablet regimen (STR) provides a convenient once-daily regimen for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Here, we investigated the safety and tolerability of coformulated bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) as a three-drug, STR for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in Chinese individuals.Methods:This was a prospective, open-label, single-arm trial conducted in a sexually transmitted diseases and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome clinic of a tertiary hospital in Beijing, China. Adults requiring PEP were prescribed BIC/FTC/TAF one pill once a day for 28 days. Clinical and laboratory data were collected and analyzed at baseline, weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24.Results:Of 112 participants enrolled in the study, 109 (97.3%) were male and the mean age was 30 ± 8 years. PEP completion was 96.4% (95% confidence interval: 91.1–99.0%). Two participants stopped PEP after 2 days because the source partner was identified as HIV uninfected. One participant was excluded due to hepatitis B virus infection according to the exclusion criteria. One discontinued due to the participant''s decision. No participant acquired HIV through week 24. Adherence was 98.9% (standard deviation [SD]: 3.3%) by self-reporting and 98.5% (SD: 3.5%) by pill count. Only five participants experienced mild clinical adverse events attributed to the study drug (including headache, diarrhea, and nausea) and four participants had elevated serum creatinine (grade 1).Conclusions:A once daily, STR of BIC/FTC/TAF used as PEP was safe and well-tolerated with a high rate of completion and adherence in Chinese. BIC/FTC/TAF may be a good option for PEP.Trial Registration:ChiCTR.org.cn, ChiCTR2100048080 相似文献
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《The Journal of adolescent health》2023,72(1):59-63
PurposeWe examined changes in racial/ethnic disparities in HIV diagnoses among adolescents and young adults aged 13–24 years from 2015 through 2019.MethodsWe used national surveillance data for 2015–2019 from AtlasPlus to calculate 12 absolute and relative disparity measures for 7 racial/ethnic groups to understand HIV diagnosis trends over time. We calculated four absolute measures (Black-to-White rate difference, Hispanic-to-White rate difference, Absolute Index of Disparity [ID], population-weighted Absolute ID) and eight relative measures (Black-to-White rate ratio, Hispanic-to-White rate ratio, ID, population-weighted ID, population attributable proportion, Gini coefficient, Theil index, and mean log deviation).ResultsHIV diagnosis rates decreased by 15.9% across all racial/ethnic groups combined. All the absolute disparity measures we examined indicated substantial reductions (13.5%–18.5%) in absolute disparities. Most of the relative disparity measures (eight of eight population-unadjusted measures and five of eight population-adjusted measures) declined as well, but the change was relatively modest and ranged from a 3.3% decrease to a 2.1% increase across the measures.DiscussionDespite progress, racial/ethnic disparities in HIV diagnoses among adolescents and young adults remain. Programs and services that are culturally relevant and tailored for this population may assist with continued progress toward reducing racial/ethnic disparities. 相似文献
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《Vaccine》2023,41(34):4978-4985
BackgroundA limited amount of information is available about the immunogenicity of the quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, especially in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodsHIV-infected adults and HIV-uninfected adults received a dose of quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine including strains of H1N1, H3N2, BV and BY. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and hemagglutination-inhibition assay (HAI) were used to determine IgA, IgG antibody concentration and geometric mean titers (GMT) at day 0 and day 28, respectively. Associated factors contributing to seroconversion or GMT changes were analyzed using simple logistic regression model.ResultsA total of 131 HIV-infected and 55 HIV-uninfected subjects were included in the study. In both HIV-infected and uninfected arms, IgG and IgA against influenza A and B all increased significantly at day 28 after receiving QIV (P < 0.001). GMTs of post-vaccination at day 28 showed that HIV-infected persons with CD4 + T cell counts ≤ 350 cells/mm3 were statistically less immunogenic to all strains of QIV than HIV-uninfected ones (P < 0.05). HIV-infected participants with CD4 + T cell counts ≤ 350 cells/mm3 were less likely to achieve seroconversion to QIV (H1N1, BY and BV) than HIV-uninfected individuals at day 28 after vaccination (P < 0.05). Compared with HIV-infected patients with baseline CD4 + T cell counts ≤ 350 cells/mm3, individuals with baseline CD4 + T cell counts > 350 cell/mm3 seemed more likely to generate antibody responses to H1N1 (OR:2.65, 95 %CI: 1.07–6.56) and BY (OR: 3.43, 95 %CI: 1.37–8.63), and showed a higher probability of seroconversion to BY (OR: 3.59, 95 %CI: 1.03–12.48). Compared with nadir CD4 + T cell count ≤ 350 cell/mm3, individuals with nadir CD4 + T cell count > 350 cell/mm3 showed a higher probability of seroconversion to H1N1(OR: 3.15, 95 %CI: 1.14–8.73).ConclusionInfluenza vaccination of HIV-infected adults might be effective despite variable antibody responses. HIV-positive populations with CD4 + T cell counts ≤ 350 are less likely to achieve seroconversion. Further vaccination strategies could be developed for those with low CD4 T cell counts. 相似文献