云南省艾滋病综合管理对相关服务可及性的影响分析

目的了解艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者和艾滋病（AIDS）病人（HIV/AIDS病人）告知随访管理,对相关服务可及性的影响,为艾滋病防治策略提供依据。方法选择4个县,每县将50例自2008年进入管理并一直随访的〉15岁的HIV/AIDS病人作为管理组,以50例2011年检测发现并至少接受过一次随访的〉15岁HIV/AIDS病人作为对照组。通过＂艾滋病综合防治信息系统＂网路直报数据,对2006-2010年云南省接受相关服务的HIV/AIDS病人的数据进行分析,以P〈0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果共调查403人,其中对照组203人,管理组200人。对照组过去6个月获得AIDS咨询70.0%（142人）、免费安全套42.4%（86人）、民政救助5.4%（11人）、结核病筛查50.7%（103人）、抗病毒治疗12.8%（26人）、美沙酮维持治疗0.5%（1人）。与对照组相比,管理组过去6个月获得AIDS咨询100%（200人）（P〈0.05）、免费安全套69.5%（139人）[比值比（OR）=3.1,95%可信区间（CI）：2.0527～4.671,P〈0.05]、民政救助65.0%（130人）（OR=32.416,95%CI：16.529～63.573,P〈0.05）、结核病筛查81.5%（163人）（OR=4.277,95%CI：2.725～6.712,P〈0.05）、抗病毒治疗60.0%（120人）（OR=10.212,95%CI：6.197～16.827,P〈0.05）、美沙酮维持治疗44.0%（88人）（OR=158.714,95%CI：21.814～1154.766,P〈0.05）,均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义。2006-2010年,云南省获得CD4T淋巴细胞计数检测、配偶HIV抗体检测、抗病毒治疗和转介、母婴阻断转介和治疗、美沙酮维持治疗服务的HIV/AIDS病人均呈逐年大幅上升。结论综合管理工作促进HIV/AIDS病人获得相关服务,符合HIV/AIDS病人需求,对艾滋病防控起了重要作用     

An alternative strategy to western blot as a confirmatory diagnostic test for HIV infection

BackgroundIn China, western blot (WB) is the recommended procedure for the diagnosis of HIV infection. However, this technique is time consuming and labor intensive, and its complexity restricts wide application in resource-limited regions.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a dry blood spots (DBS)–urine paired enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, instead of WB, for HIV antibody detection.Study designPlasma, DBS, and urine samples were collected from 1213 subjects from different populations. Two diagnostic testing strategies were conducted in parallel. The equivalence of the paired ELISA and WB strategies was assessed.ResultsA diagnosis of HIV was determined in 250 subjects according to the paired ELISA test, and in 249 according to the WB strategy. The discordant case was judged HIV-positive during follow-up. In total, 18 subjects were diagnosed with possible HIV using the paired ELISA test, among whom, 11 subjects tested negative with WB, and one was confirmed to be HIV-positive during follow-up. For the remaining 945 subjects, both strategies indicated a negative result. The kappa test indicated good conformity (kappa = 0.954) between the two diagnostic strategies.ConclusionThe DBS–urine paired ELISA could be applied as an alternative to WB in HIV diagnosis, which would be valuable in resource-limited regions owing to the associated affordability and ease of use.     

Gender Comparisons of Unhealthy Weight-control Behaviors Among Sixth-Graders

ObjectiveTo examine gender differences in unhealthy weight-control behaviors (UWCB) and identify key psychosocial and demographic correlates of UWCB among sixth-graders.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was completed by 146 boys and 153 girls at a middle school. Secondary data analyses included bivariate tests and multivariable logistic regression.ResultsForty-seven percent of participants reported 1 or more UWCB, with no differences by gender (P = .75). Factors common to boys and girls included: lower global self-esteem; lower body-esteem; and greater negative parental modeling among participants who engaged in UWCB compared to those who did not. However, multivariable models revealed gender differences. Among boys, body mass index, negative parental modeling, and global self-esteem retained statistically significant associations with UWCB after controlling for other variables in the model, whereas race and weight-related body-esteem remained significant for girls.Conclusions and ImplicationsThis research highlights the need for gender-specific UWCB prevention programs implemented in late childhood and early adolescence.     

Response rates for providing a blood specimen for HIV testing in a population-based survey of young adults in Zimbabwe

Background  

To determine differences among persons who provided blood specimens for HIV testing compared with those who did not among those interviewed for the population-based Zimbabwe Young Adult Survey (YAS).