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181.
Ksenia Bystrova MD PhD Valentina Ivanova Maigun Edhborg RNTD PhD Ann‐Sofi Matthiesen Anna‐Berit Ransjö‐Arvidson RNMTD PhD Rifkat Mukhamedrakhimov PhD Kerstin Uvnäs‐Moberg MD PhD Ann‐Marie Widström RNMTD PhD 《分娩》2009,36(2):97-109
Background: A tradition of separation of the mother and baby after birth still persists in many parts of the world, including some parts of Russia, and often is combined with swaddling of the baby. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare possible long‐term effects on mother‐infant interaction of practices used in the delivery and maternity wards, including practices relating to mother‐infant closeness versus separation. Methods: A total of 176 mother‐infant pairs were randomized into four experimental groups: Group I infants were placed skin‐to‐skin with their mothers after birth, and had rooming‐in while in the maternity ward. Group II infants were dressed and placed in their mothers’ arms after birth, and roomed‐in with their mothers in the maternity ward. Group III infants were kept in the nursery both after birth and while their mothers were in the maternity ward. Group IV infants were kept in the nursery after birth, but roomed‐in with their mothers in the maternity ward. Equal numbers of infants were either swaddled or dressed in baby clothes. Episodes of early suckling in the delivery ward were noted. The mother‐infant interaction was videotaped according to the Parent‐Child Early Relational Assessment (PCERA) 1 year after birth. Results: The practice of skin‐to‐skin contact, early suckling, or both during the first 2 hours after birth when compared with separation between the mothers and their infants positively affected the PCERA variables maternal sensitivity, infant's self‐regulation, and dyadic mutuality and reciprocity at 1 year after birth. The negative effect of a 2‐hour separation after birth was not compensated for by the practice of rooming‐in. These findings support the presence of a period after birth (the early “sensitive period”) during which close contact between mother and infant may induce long‐term positive effect on mother‐infant interaction. In addition, swaddling of the infant was found to decrease the mother’s responsiveness to the infant, her ability for positive affective involvement with the infant, and the mutuality and reciprocity in the dyad. Conclusions: Skin‐to‐skin contact, for 25 to 120 minutes after birth, early suckling, or both positively influenced mother‐infant interaction 1 year later when compared with routines involving separation of mother and infant. 相似文献
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P C Friman 《American journal of diseases of children (1960)》1990,144(12):1316-1318
Thumb-sucking and object attachment commonly occur during childhood. Object attachment is usually harmless, but thumb-sucking can lead to complications when chronically practiced by older children. Effective thumb-sucking treatment is available, but to my knowledge, it has not been evaluated on thumb-sucking children who are also attached to objects. This study, using a multiple baseline design, shows treatment eliminated thumb-sucking in eight thumb-sucking children with concurrent attachment and that seven of the children subsequently lost interest in their attachment object. 相似文献
187.
CINDY C. LAI Pharm . D. PHILIP R. FISCHER M.D. † CHAD K. BRANDS M.D. † JENNIFER L. FISHER Ph .D.‡ CO-BURN J. PORTER M.D. § SHERILYN W. DRISCOLL M.D. ¶ KEVIN K. GRANER R.Ph . 《Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE》2009,32(2):234-238
Background: Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is associated with debilitating fatigue, dizziness, and discomfort in previously healthy adolescents. The effects of medical therapy have not been well studied in this patient population. This study assessed the relative efficacy and impact of drug therapy on the functioning and quality of life in adolescents with POTS.
Methods: A retrospective, single center, chart review analysis with a follow-up written survey was conducted on a group of 121 adolescents who had undergone autonomic reflex screening at the Mayo Clinic from 2002 to 2005 as part of an evaluation for possible POTS.
Results: Of 121 surveys sent, 47 adolescents returned a completed survey. In this cohort of patients, the two most commonly prescribed drug therapies were midodrine (n = 13) and β-blockers (n = 14). Patients in the midodrine group were comparable to patients in the β-blocker group in gender, age, pretreatment postural heart rate changes, and months from initial evaluation to survey completion. More patients treated with a β-blocker reported improvement after visiting Mayo Clinic (100% vs 62%, P = 0.016) and more attributed their progress to medication (63.6% vs 36.4%, P = 0.011) than did those treated with midodrine.
Conclusion: Treatment with both midodrine and β-blockers was associated with overall improvement in POTS patients' general health; however, adolescents taking β-blockers were more likely than those taking midodrine to credit the role of medications in their improvement. 相似文献
Methods: A retrospective, single center, chart review analysis with a follow-up written survey was conducted on a group of 121 adolescents who had undergone autonomic reflex screening at the Mayo Clinic from 2002 to 2005 as part of an evaluation for possible POTS.
Results: Of 121 surveys sent, 47 adolescents returned a completed survey. In this cohort of patients, the two most commonly prescribed drug therapies were midodrine (n = 13) and β-blockers (n = 14). Patients in the midodrine group were comparable to patients in the β-blocker group in gender, age, pretreatment postural heart rate changes, and months from initial evaluation to survey completion. More patients treated with a β-blocker reported improvement after visiting Mayo Clinic (100% vs 62%, P = 0.016) and more attributed their progress to medication (63.6% vs 36.4%, P = 0.011) than did those treated with midodrine.
Conclusion: Treatment with both midodrine and β-blockers was associated with overall improvement in POTS patients' general health; however, adolescents taking β-blockers were more likely than those taking midodrine to credit the role of medications in their improvement. 相似文献
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ZEEV N. KAIN MD MBA † JILL E. MACLAREN PhD ‡ CARRIE HAMMELL BA § CRISTINA NOVOA BA § MICHELLE A. FORTIER PhD ¶ HEATHER HUSZTI PhD LINDA MAYES MD †† 《Paediatric anaesthesia》2009,19(4):376-384
Objectives: Although preoperative preparation programs were once common, most children currently undergoing outpatient surgery are first exposed to the hospital on the day of the procedure. It is advocated that these outpatient children undergo the preparation just prior to surgery.
Aim: To assess the amount of time that healthcare providers spend with children and families on the day of surgery in the preoperative area.
Materials and Methods: The study used video infrastructure in the preoperative holding area of Yale New Haven Children's Hospital to record all interactions between children, families, and healthcare providers. Videotapes were coded to characterize and quantify behaviors of healthcare professionals.
Results: On the day of surgery, healthcare providers spent medians of 2.75–4.81 min interacting with children and parents in the preoperative area. Families spent a median of 46.5 min in the preoperative area. Healthcare professionals spent the most time in medical talk (averages of 42.5–48.2% of time spent with family) and little time was spent in nonmedical talk (range of 6.2–6.9% of time spent with family). Anesthesiologists and surgeons spent 28% and 18% of the interview in talk to children; admitting nurses spent more of the interview talking to children (43%).
Conclusions: Families interact with healthcare providers for only a small proportion of the time they spent in the preoperative area. This is likely to be a result of increased production pressure in the perioperative settings and has implications for providing preparation for surgery on the morning of the procedure. 相似文献
Aim: To assess the amount of time that healthcare providers spend with children and families on the day of surgery in the preoperative area.
Materials and Methods: The study used video infrastructure in the preoperative holding area of Yale New Haven Children's Hospital to record all interactions between children, families, and healthcare providers. Videotapes were coded to characterize and quantify behaviors of healthcare professionals.
Results: On the day of surgery, healthcare providers spent medians of 2.75–4.81 min interacting with children and parents in the preoperative area. Families spent a median of 46.5 min in the preoperative area. Healthcare professionals spent the most time in medical talk (averages of 42.5–48.2% of time spent with family) and little time was spent in nonmedical talk (range of 6.2–6.9% of time spent with family). Anesthesiologists and surgeons spent 28% and 18% of the interview in talk to children; admitting nurses spent more of the interview talking to children (43%).
Conclusions: Families interact with healthcare providers for only a small proportion of the time they spent in the preoperative area. This is likely to be a result of increased production pressure in the perioperative settings and has implications for providing preparation for surgery on the morning of the procedure. 相似文献