Distributive characteristics of projection from vestibular nuclei to nucleus raphe magnus in rats

BACKGROUND: Morphological studies have confirmed that vestibular nuclei accepts serotoninergic projections from nucleus raphe magnus, nucleus raphes pallidus, etc. But it is still unclear whether there is bi-directional association between vestibular nuclei and nucleus raphe magnus. OBJECTIVE: To observe the characteristics of projective fibers from vestibular nuclei to nucleus raphe magnus using tetramethyl rhodamine (TMR) in rats, so as to provide more sufficient morphological evidence of neural association from vestibular nuclei. DESIGN: An observational experiment. SETTING: Department of Anatomy (K.K. Leung Brain Research Center), the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS: Eighteen male SD rats of clean degree, weighing 250-280 g, were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. METHODS: The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of Department of Anatomy (K.K. Leung Brain Research Center), the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from September 2006 to January 2007. All the rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium, then according to the coordinates on the rat brain atlas, 0.1 μL TMR (100 g/L) was injected into nucleus raphes magnus via the tip of glass microtubule by means of microinjection. Seven days later, the rats were anesthetized, then perfused and fixed to remove brain, and then frozen coronal brain sections were prepared. The retrogradely labeled neurons in the injected and projected sites were observed under fluorescence microscope. Light filters with evoked wave length of 540-553 nm and emission wave length ≥ 1 580 nm were selected to observe the orange TMR-labeled neurons. All the sections were observed and counted under the fluorescence microscope. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Characteristics and number of retrogradely labeled neurons at different sites of nuclei. RESULTS: Totally 18 SD rats were enrolled, 9 of them were excluded due to the deviation of injected site, and the other 9 were involved in the final analysis of results. The concentrated region of TMR injection was mainly restricted to nucleus raphes magnus, and diffused to the surrounding area to different extents. There were obvious differences in the distributions of the labeled neurons among the subdivisions in vestibular nuclei, as well as the distributions of the labeled neurons at different sites in the same subdivision. The majority of the labeled neurons distributed in the rostral levels of medial vestibular nucleus and the lateral vestibular nucleus, while fewer labeled neurons were observed in superior vestibular nucleus. CONCLUSION: ① There might be bi-directional association between vestibular nucli and nucleus raphe magnus, suggesting that nucleus raphe magnus played a role in the transmission and processing of vestibular information. ② The projection from nucleus raphe magnus to vestibular nucleus has certain distributive characteristics in the region.     

鼻内镜手术并发鼻中隔穿孔(附7例报告)

目的 探讨鼻内镜手术后发生鼻中隔穿孔的原因和预防措施。方法 回顾分析鼻内镜术后发生鼻中隔穿孔7例的临床资料。结果 鼻内镜手术前的局部或全身激素的应用,患者的全身疾病,手术时的操作损伤,填塞物的压力过大、时间过长等都可以促使鼻中隔穿孔的发生。结论 鼻内镜手术患者术前应全盘考虑如何处理患者的全身疾病及术前用药,填塞物的选择和压力,局部处理等,以减少鼻中隔穿孔的发生。     

分泌性中耳炎相关细胞因子免疫机制研究进展

近年来国内外对分泌性中耳炎相关的免疫机制进行了大量研究,尤其是I型变态反应,Th1、Th2相关的细胞因子以及这些细胞因子与肿瘤坏死因子、干扰素、核转录因子、氧自由基、缺氧与缺氧诱导因子、转化生长因子、黏附因子间的相互作用,在分泌性中耳炎免疫机制中的调节作用已经成为研究的热点,现对其研究进展做简要的综述,同时提出一些新的观点。     

东北菱粗多糖的提取和纯化方法的评价

目的:研究提取东北菱多糖的最佳溶剂,比较4种多糖纯化方法对东北菱粗多糖的纯化效果。方法:将东北菱粗提物分为3份,分别用甲醇、乙醇和丙酮作为溶剂提取粗多糖。分别采用Sevag法、三氯乙酸法、盐酸法和活性炭法对东北菱粗多糖进行脱蛋白处理。用比色法检测东北菱提取物中多糖水平和纯化后样品中多糖水平和蛋白质水平,比较纯化效果。结果:3种提取物中,以丙酮为溶剂的东北菱提取物中多糖水平最高,为33.69%,蛋白质水平为5.51%。经Sevag法、三氯乙酸法、盐酸法和活性炭法处理后的溶液中多糖水平分别为46.53%、43.44%、41.24%和36.66%;蛋白水平分别为5.64%、5.41% 、5.41%和5.51%。结论:丙酮为提取东北菱粗多糖的最佳溶剂。4种纯化方法各有优缺点,Sevag法对于多糖水平的提高效果明显,适合东北菱粗多糖的提取。     

雷诺考特防治鼻内镜术后鼻息肉复发的疗效观察

目的探讨内镜鼻窦术后雷诺考特应用对鼻息肉复发的作用。方法 210例患者随机分为3组,A组术前、术后应用雷诺考特,B组术前应用雷诺考特,C组未使用雷诺考特。通过术后1年的随访观察,比较各组的鼻息肉复发状况。结果 A组鼻息肉复发率显著低于B、C组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);鼻黏膜肿胀、鼻塞症状改善程度A、B组明显高于C组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论应用雷诺考特可防治鼻息肉、鼻内窥镜术后息肉复发、改善临床症状。     

调节性T细胞与IgE、IL-4、IL-5在变应性鼻炎小鼠和鼻用激素抗炎中的实验研究

目的 探讨CD4+CD25+FOXP3+调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells, Tregs)与IgE、IL-4、IL-5在变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis, AR)小鼠及鼻用激素抗炎中的表达及作用。方法 5～6周龄雌性Balb/c小鼠30只,随机分为正常组、AR组和鼻用激素组。正常组无干预;AR组采用卵清蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)全身致敏并雾化和滴鼻激发;鼻用激素组在成功致敏后,每次激发完30min后雾化吸入丙酸氟替卡松10min。小鼠于末次激发24h后处死,鼻黏膜行苏木素-伊红染色;流式检测气管旁引流淋巴结和脾脏中CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Tregs表达; ELISA检测血清中OVA 特异性IgE及鼻腔灌洗液中IL-4、IL-5含量。结果 与正常组小鼠相比,AR组小鼠鼻黏膜出现大量的嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS),CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Tregs表达在气管旁引流淋巴结中上调,脾脏中无差别;IgE、IL-4、IL-5含量明显升高,而鼻用激素组小鼠CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Tregs在气管旁引流淋巴结和脾脏中表达继续明显上调;EOS数目与IgE、 IL-4、IL-5含量均被明显抑制。结论 CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Tregs不仅在AR中,而且在鼻用激素对AR的干预中都发挥着重要的免疫调节作用,同时IgE、IL-4、IL-5介导变应性炎症反应,在AR的发生发展中发挥重要作用。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血小板平均体积水平研究

目的:通过检测阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者血小板平均体积(MPV)水平,探讨OSAHS与MPV的相关性。方法:将我院2012-01-2014-01期间70例OSAHS患者分为轻中度组(32例)和重度组(38例),以30例健康人作为对照组,比较3组外周血中血小板计数(PLT)、MPV、血小板分布宽度(PDW)的水平。结果:重度组与对照组PLT[(202.8±68.9)×109/L、(235.9±65.2)×109/L],MPV(10.9±0.9、10.4±0.8fL),PDW[(12.9±1.9)%、(12.0±1.4)%],均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);轻中度组MPV(10.7±0.7fL)与对照组(0.4±0.8fL)比较差异无统计学意义。结论:重度OSAHS患者的MPV水平升高。     

影像导航技术在鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤手术中的应用

目的 探讨影像导航技术在鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤(NIP)手术中的应用价值 。方法 将68例行手术治疗NIP患者按时间顺序分为前、后两组,前组应用鼻内镜手术或鼻内镜手术+传统术式（2001年5月～2004年12月）34例,后组以前组术式为基础加用影像导航技术（2005年1月～2007年6月）34例,对两组术后复发率进行比较。结果 应用影像导航技术的后组术后复发率低于前组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论影像导航技术在鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤手术中能进行三维重建,具有定位准确、影像立体,不受组织移位和解剖复杂影响的优点,可降低术后的复发率。