连续静-静脉血液透析滤过在重症急性胰腺炎治疗中的内环境稳态维持作用

目的 研究早期应用连续静静脉血液透析滤过(CVH)治疗重症急性胰腺炎时的内环境稳态维持机制.方法 58例重症急性胰腺炎患者,33例作为实验组使用CVH治疗,25例作为对照组接受内、外科综合治疗.两组分别在治疗开始0、24、72 h检测肿瘤坏死因子、白细胞介素1、2、6(IL-1、IL-6、IL-2)、血肌酐、血清胆红素...     

糖尿病肾病中医分型与血清 hs-CRP、ABI 的相关性研究

目的：观察糖尿病肾病中医分型与血清超敏C反应蛋白（ hs-CRP）、踝臂指数（ ABI）的相关性。方法118例糖尿病肾病患者作为观察组,40例健康人作为对照组,并且对糖尿病肾病患者进行中医分型。测定所有人血清hs-CRP和ABI。结果观察组血清hs-CRP比对照组明显升高（P＜0.01）,观察组ABI比对照组明显降低（P＜0.05）。在观察组患者中,气阴两虚、肾阳亏虚、阴阳两虚与阴虚热盛患者血清hs-CRP,ABI均有明显差异（ P＜0.05,P＜0.01）;气阴两虚、肾阳亏虚之间的hs-CRP,ABI无明显差异（P＞0.05）;气阴两虚与阴阳两虚之间hs-CRP、ABI有明显差异（P＜0.05）;肾阳亏虚与阴阳两虚之间hs-CRP,ABI无明显差异（P＞0.05）。结论血清hs-CRP和ABI可以指导糖尿病肾病患者的中医分型。     

复方冬虫夏草胶囊联合西药治疗慢性肾功能衰竭随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察复方冬虫夏草胶囊联合西药治疗慢性肾功能衰竭疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将60例住院及门诊患者按抽签方法随机分为两组。对照组30例爱西特,1.5g/次,3次/d;或包醛氧淀粉,5g/次,3次/d。治疗组30例复方冬虫夏草胶囊(冬虫夏草3g,大黄、水蛭、海螵蛸各5g),6g/次,3次/d。西药治疗同对照组。连续治疗90d为1疗程。观测临床症状、血尿素氮(BuN)、血清肌酐(Scr)、不良反应。连续治疗1疗程,判定疗效。[结果]治疗组显效18例,有效6例,无效6例,总有效率80.00%。对照组显效8例,有效8例,无效14例,总有效率53.33%。治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。BuN、Scr指标两组均有改善(P<0.05),治疗组改善优于对照组(P<0.01)。[结论]复方冬虫夏草胶囊联合西药治疗慢性肾功能衰竭效果显著,值得推广。     

左卡尼汀联合超纯透析对MHD患者心功能及外周血irisin、s-Klotho表达的影响

目的 探究左卡尼汀联合超纯透析对维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者的治疗效果及其对心功能及外周血鸢尾素(irisin)、Klotho蛋白（s-Klotho）表达的影响。 方法 选取 MHD患者186例,依照治疗方法不同分成观察组和对照组各93例。对照组予以常规透析治疗,观察组予以左卡尼汀联合超纯透析治疗,治疗3个月后观察2组生存质量、炎症因子、氧化应激指标、心功能、irisin和s-Klotho浓度以及并发症发生情况。 结果 治疗后,2组各维度健康调查简表(the MOS 36-item Short Form Health Survey,SF-36)评分均明显高于治疗前,观察组各维度SF-36评分高于对照组（P＜0.05）;2组白细胞介素6（interleukin-6,IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、C反应蛋白（C-reactive protein,CRP）水平均明显低于治疗前,观察组IL-6、TNF-α、CRP水平低于对照组（P＜0.01）;2组肝蛋白（superoxide dismutase,SOD）、丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）水平明显低于治疗前,观察组SOD、MDA及GSH-Px水平低于对照组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;2组心排血量（cardiacoutput,CO）和左心室射血分数（left ventricular ejection fractions,LVEF）水平明显高于治疗前,观察组CO和LVEF水平明显高于对照组（P＜0.01）;2组irisin和s-Klotho水平明显高于治疗前,观察组irisin和s-Klotho水平明显高于对照组（P＜0.01）。观察组并发症发生率明显低于对照组(P＜0.01)。 结论 左卡尼汀联合超纯透析可显著改善MHD患者的炎症状态和氧化应激,提升患者心功能,并降低外周血Irisin、s-Klotho表达。     

BIOFIRE® Blood Culture IDentification 2 (BCID2) panel for early adaptation of antimicrobial therapy in adult patients with bloodstream infections: a real-life experience

Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of a multiplex PCR panel for blood culture identification (BCID2) on the implementation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. We conducted a monocentric pre/post study comparing the time to result from direct microscopic examination (DE) to bacterial identification (BI) in positive blood cultures between 2 different periods: P1 without BCID2 and P2 with BCID2. Appropriate treatments prescribed before DE and after DE / BCID2 and after BI / BCID2 were compared using direct proportion comparison and survival analysis. For mono-microbial bloodstream infections, the proportion of appropriate antimicrobial treatment after DE was 50% in P1 vs. 87.5% after BCID2 in P2 (P < 0.001) for Gram-negative bacteria and 33.0% in P1 vs. 64.4% in P2 (P < 0.01) for Gram-positive bacteria. A significant difference (P = 0.04) was recorded with survival curves for Gram positive bacteria. BCID2 seems effective in reducing the time for prescribing appropriate antimicrobials.     

Efficacy and safety of plasma diafiltration: Review of case reports and case series

Plasma diafiltration (PDF), a blood purification procedure that combines dialysis with plasma filtration by a selective membrane, has been used to treat acute liver failure, sepsis, and other acute conditions. We reviewed 14 eligible case reports and case series that examined PDF in 357 patients to assess its efficacy and safety. Fourteen diseases may be indications for PDF. The primary indication in the included studies was acute liver failure without obvious inducement or cause not mentioned. Eighty-three patients reached the primary endpoint (31 deaths, 52 recoveries) and the efficacy was 62.7%. There were large changes in 16 toxins or clinical markers after PDF, including total bilirubin, IL-18, IL-6. In conclusion, PDF appears to be an effective treatment for clearance of bilirubin and other inflammatory mediators in patients with acute liver injury or a disease characterized by a systemic inflammatory state. Randomized controlled trials are needed to compare PDF with other blood purification methods, such as plasma exchange and the Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System™.     

中医在消化微生态调整中的应用进展

肠道微生态系统与众多疾病的发生发展有着重要的关系,随着研究的深入,众多学者结合中医理论及实践对肠道菌群失衡进行了积极探索.在理论方面,中医药有着其独特的角度与优势,主要从整体观念、正邪学说、阴阳学说、藏象学说认识肠道微生态.治疗应用方面,肠道菌群失调与腹泻、便秘、肠易激综合征、非酒精性脂肪性肝病、炎症性肠病的发病密切相...     

Predicting the Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of Edaravone Intravenous Injection and Sublingual Tablet Through Modeling and Simulation

PurposeEdaravone is a free-radical scavenger with relatively favorable properties of brain penetration. It has been approved for the indications of acute ischemic stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study aimed to establish a pharmacokinetic (PK) model to fit the PK profile of edaravone after a single sublingual (SL) dose of a novel edaravone tablet and single IV infusion of injectable edaravone in healthy Chinese volunteers participating in a bioavailability study. The model is expected to be useful for predicting the concentration–time profiles of edaravone following different dosing regimens in a healthy Chinese population. The purposes were to identify an optimal dose and dosing regimen for the new SL formulation and to support future clinical exploration of this tablet product in its approved indications and other therapeutic fields being developed.MethodsThe PK profiles after a single SL dose or IV infusion of edaravone 30 mg can be well described by a 3-compartment linear disposition model, on which a first-order absorption model with a lag time and a parameter for bioavailability was incorporated to fit the absorption phase of the SL dose. Performance of these PK models was evaluated for goodness of fit, residual trends, visual predictive checks, as well as precision of model predictions against external data. The validated models were employed for simulating the PK profiles of edaravone after a single SL dose of 60 mg and IV infusion of 60 mg for 60 min.FindingsThe resultant estimates support the possibility and feasibility of demonstrating bioequivalence between an SL administration of edaravone 60 mg and the currently approved dosing regimen for ALS (ie, 60 mg IV over 60 min) once per day. The calculation of sample size suggested that the requirement for subject number was acceptable considering the general capacity of a Phase I study center, and so were the procedures defined in the protocol.ImplicationThe models can be further applied to simulate favorable concentration–time profiles in diseases with different underlying courses of oxidative stress, and hence facilitate the optimization of current dosing regimens.     

TAB1 regulates glycolysis and activation of macrophages in diabetic nephropathy

Inflammation Research - Macrophages exhibit strong phenotypic plasticity and can mediate renal inflammation by polarizing into an M1 phenotype. They play a pivotal role in diabetic nephropathy...