慢性肾脏病3～5期中西医结合临床路径多中心实施的效果研究

目的探索及评估慢性肾脏病3～5期中西医结合临床路径多中心实施的效益。方法采用非同期历史对照,评估5家医院实施临床路径规范化管理后,患者住院天数、住院费用的改善情况。结果路径组的平均住院天数较回顾性病案组略有缩短,存在中心效应(P=0.000),经校正后平均住院天数间差异无统计学意义(P=0.621)。住院总费用较回顾性病案组稍有升高,不存在中心效应(P=0.126),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.381)。费用明细支出,中药费、西药费、检查费和放射费较回顾性病案组降低,中成药费、治疗费和化验费较回顾性病案组明显升高,其中中药费、放射费、化验费组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在保证临床路径执行率的情况下,慢性肾脏病3～5期临床路径能缩短住院天数。虽未能降低住院总费用水平,但费用明细支出的改变在一定程度上体现了该路径的实施目的。     

护理临床路径管理模式在肾穿刺活检术病人护理中的应用

目的评价护理临床路径管理模式在肾穿刺活检术病人护理中的应用效果,为肾穿刺活检术病人提供优质护理服务,提高患者的满意度。方法将接受肾穿刺活检术的住院患者330例采用随机单盲方法分为对照组和观察组各165例,对照组给予肾病内科常规护理;观察组在此基础上设立专科护士岗位,采用护理临床路径表单内容护理,对两组患者的满意度进行比较。结果临床路径管理组患者对护理工作满意度显著提高（P〈0.005）。结论根据肾穿刺活检术需求实施护理临床路径管理模式,缩短了住院日,细化了护理工作,提高了护理质量和患者满意度,可在临床推广应用。     

抗氧化剂对尿毒症患者促红细胞生成素疗效影响的分析

目的探讨抗氧化剂对尿毒症维持性血液透析(MHD)患者促红细胞生成素(EPO)疗效及微炎症状态的影响。方法选择维持性血液透析患者51例,随机分为抗氧化剂治疗组和对照组,监测治疗前和治疗6个月后患者超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(Hct)、血清铁蛋白(SF)的变化,记录治疗前和治疗6个月后每周促红细胞生成素用量与红细胞压积的比值(EPO/Hct)的变化。结果治疗后与治疗前各组内对比,治疗组患者EPO/Hct、hs-CRP有所下降,对照组患者各指标无变化。治疗后两组间对比,抗氧化剂组EPO/Hct、hs-CRP低于常规治疗组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论抗氧化剂治疗能够提高尿毒症维持性血液透析患者促红细胞生成素疗效及改善微炎症状态。     

Complications of posterior cranial fossa surgery—an institutional experience of 500 patients

BackgroundThe complication of the posterior fossa surgery is seldom described in the literature. The purposes of this retrospective study are to draw attention to the potential complications associated with posterior fossa surgery and to critically review the predisposing factors that might influence the complication rate.MethodsWe undertook a 10-year (1992-2002) retrospective study of all posterior fossa surgery performed at LSUHSC. A total of 500 patients were obtained from the operation database, and they were categorized into 5 groups based on the surgical approaches: (1) cerebellopontine angle lesion, (2) microvascular decompression for facial pain and spasm, (3) cerebellar lesions, (4) Chiari I decompression, and (5) petroclival lesions. Data collected for analysis included patient demographics, pathological characteristics of the lesions, and the postoperative complications that occurred as unexpected and undesirable events that prolonged hospital stay and may require surgical/medical intervention.ResultsOf the 500 patients reviewed, 220 (44%) patients had tumor resections at the cerebellopontine angle; 110 (22%) patients had microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm; 86 (17.2%) patients had cerebellar lesions; 60 (12%) patients had Chiari I decompression; and 24 (4.8%) patients required transpetrosal approaches for petroclival lesions. The overall complication rate in our study was 31.8%, affecting 159 patients. Cerebrospinal fluid leaks were the most frequently encountered, presenting in 65 (13%) patients followed by meningitis in 46 (9.2%) patients, wound infection in 35 (7%) patients, and CN palsies in 24 (4.8%) patients. Other complications that were observed to develop almost exclusively in patients undergoing cerebellar parenchymal tumor resection included cerebellar edema in 25 (5%) patients, hydrocephalus in 23 (4.6%) patients, cerebellar hematoma in 15 (3%) patients, and cerebellar mutism in 6 (1.2%) patients. The overall mortality rate related to surgery was 2.6% occurring in 13 patients.ConclusionPosterior fossa surgery involves greater morbidity and mortality and has a wider variety of complications than surgery in the supratentorial compartment. These complications may be avoided by careful perioperative planning, strict adherence to aseptic technique, meticulous microsurgical dissection, proper wound closure, and the judicious use of prophylactic agent. A thorough understanding of the patient's history, neurological findings, imaging studies, operative anatomy, as well as all potential adverse events associated with the procedure is also essential to minimize complications.     

几种皮肤生物敷料的生物相容性评价

摘要：皮肤是维持内环境稳定和阻止微生物入侵的屏障,创伤后发生的许多局部及全身感染总是与丧失皮肤屏障有关。生物敷料能尽早封闭创面,减少由创面致病菌引起的感染,提高严重创伤的成活率。生物敷料的研究是皮肤创面愈合应用研究中的一个重要课题。目前运用于皮肤创面的生物敷料主要包括猪皮、羊膜、胶原、壳聚糖、海藻酸、水凝胶及纳米敷料等。 关键词：皮肤创面;生物敷料;生物相容性     

吕仁和辨治糖尿病医案症状、证候和治则解析

目的 通过对吕仁和治疗糖尿病医案中医辨证要素的统计分析,总结吕仁和教授分期辨治糖尿病的学术思想.方法 128例经吕仁和教授诊治的糖尿病医案,经过“解析和标引”预处理,借助“中医医案数据库”的统计分析功能,将医案分成脾瘅期、消渴期、消瘅期三期,分别统计分析其症状体征、证候和治则.结果 脾瘅期症状以倦怠乏力、口干最突出,气...     

Study of interference treatment by Xuesaitong soft capsule on patients of nephrosis syndrome with Qi deficiency and blood stasis during dose reducing stage of corticosteroid

Objective: To observe the effect of Xuesaitong (XST) soft capsule in interference treatment on patients of nephrosis syndrome (NS) during corticosteroid (CS) dose reducing stage.Methods: Seventy-one NS patients applying prednisone and initiating dose reducing stage were randomized into trial group and control group. On the basis of conventional prednisone dose reduction of both groups, the trial group was given additionally XST, and the treatment course ended with the reduction to maintenance dose. In the course of observation, those who did not comply with the criteria of observation were excluded. Before and after the dose reduction, TCM syndrome scoring, 24 hrs urinary protein amount, blood β₂-microglobulin (β₂-MG), urinary β₂-MG, blood fibrinogen (Fbg), plasma prothrombin time (PT), blood lipid, etc. were observed.Results: The trial group of XST could obviously lower their urinary protein amount and blood lipid level (P<0.05 orP<0.01), markedly improve the blood coagulation parameters (P<0.01), improve the TCM syndrome and CS induced adverse reaction (P<0.05 orP<0.01), also obviously reduced the recurrence rate of NS (P<0.05).Conclusion: XST could obviously improve the clinical symptoms and renal impairment parameters in NS patients during CS dose reduction stage, improve the CS induced adverse reaction and prevent the recurrence of NS.     

超滤曲线与钠曲线对老年尿毒症患者血液透析低血压的影响

目的 比较钠曲线（SP）、超滤曲线（UP）、钠曲线和超滤曲线结合（SP＋UP）与标准透析（SD）在老年患者血液透析中低血压的发生情况。方法 31例维持性血液透析老年患者进行SD、SP、UP、SP＋UP透析各10次，监测透析过程中血压并记录低血压的发生例次。结果 SD、SP、UP、SP＋UP发生低血压的例次分别为154次、84次、92次和22次。SP＋UP模式发生症状性低血压例次显著少于SD、SP和UP模式（P〈0．05），而UP和SP模式低血压的发生率差异无显著性。结论 SP＋UP对血容量有较好的维持作用，能显著降低老年尿毒症患者透析低血压的发生。     

老年高血压肾病血小板活化分子检测的意义

目的 :评估血小板在老年高血压肾病中的活化状态及意义。方法 :利用流式细胞仪检测了 64例老年高血压肾病患者及 2 1例健康自愿者外周血小板的膜糖蛋白CD62P、CD63、CD 41和CD61的表达。结果 :老年高血压肾病组CD62P、CD63的表达较对照组显著增高 (P <0 0 0 1) ,CD41和CD61的表达与对照组比较差异无显著性(P >0 0 5 )。老年高血压肾病组CD62P、CD63的表达组间差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,且随血压分级水平升高而递增。结论 :老年高血压肾病时血小板活化增强 ,推测其在老年高血压肾病发生发展中起重要作用。     

膝关节镜微创手术应用于胫骨平台骨折的疗效及安全性分析

目的探讨膝关节镜微创手术治疗胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效及安全性。方法选取2014年1月-2016年1月该院50例胫骨平台骨折患者,根据随机数字法,将其分为对照组(传统开放手术)和观察组(膝关节镜微创手术),每组各25例,比较两组手术情况、术后并发症和膝关节功能恢复情况。结果与对照组相比,观察组手术时间、术中出血量、下床活动时间、负重下地活动时间和术后引流量均明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,观察组术后伤口感染、畸形愈合、创伤性关节炎和膝关节僵直等并发症发生率明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,观察组患者膝关节功能评分及放射学评分优良率均明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论膝关节镜微创手术能够明显降低胫骨平台骨折患者术后并发症发生率,有利于患者术后膝关节功能恢复,具有较高的临床疗效及治疗安全性。