Pertussis in practice in 2007]

Universal vaccination of infants against pertussis has transformed the epidemiology of the disease. Pertussis has however become frequent, although not often diagnosed, in adolescents and adults and thus contributes to permanent transmission of Bordetella pertussis in France and contamination of young infants at risk of severe disease. Control of transmission of pertussis in France necessitates reinforcement of vaccination with late boosters in adolescents and adults and, in addition, education of physicians to recognize and treat early cases of pertussis, especially in adolescents and adults with a persistent or chronic cough, and to take appropriate prophylactic measures (antibiotics and recall vaccination) of those in contact with confirmed cases. Effective treatment does little to reduce symptoms but it does reduce transmission. Macrolides are the recommended treatment for pertussis.     

不同病因腹泻病儿肠道主要菌群变化的研究和比较

对８８例不同病因腹泻儿肠道双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、大肠杆菌的变化进行研究。对照组２５例。结果：研究组较对照组双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌有显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．０５），大肠杆菌下降不明显（Ｐ＜０．０５）。非感染性腹泻组较感染性腹泻组双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌下降更显著（Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．０５），大肠杆菌下降不显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。感染性腹泻组中，双歧杆菌在轮状病毒肠炎组中较急性菌痢下降更显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），而其它两种菌下降程度相差不明显（两者Ｐ＜０．０５）     

Development of specific antibody patterns and clinical symptoms following Ockelbo virus infection

Summary Sixteen patients with symptoms typical for Ockelbo disease (rash, arthralgia, fever) were enrolled in a 2 1/2 year study, during which clinical symptoms were recorded and ELISA was employed to study specific IgM, IgG and IgG subclass development. Initially, all patients presented with rash and arthralgia, and five patients still suffered from joint symptoms at the end of the study period. Ockelbo virus specific IgM was detected during the first week post onset in 6 patients and in 15 patients by day 14. One patient failed to develop specific IgM and was later diagnosed with a human parvovirus B 19 infection. All patients were IgM-negative 2 1/2 years post onset. Seroconversions or significant titer rises for specific total IgG were seen in 15 patients. IgG titers generally peaked within one year but in two patients maximum titers were seen 2 1/2 years post onset. Development of IgG1 followed that of total IgG, while IgG3, after an initial increase in all Ockelbo disease patients, remained at peak levels for one year in four patients, three of whom still had detectable IgG3 at the end of the study period. Ockelbo virus specific IgG2 or IgG4 was not detected in any of the patients.     

HBsAg阳性患者中HBV-DNA(PCR)与其它HBV复制标志物的关系

本文应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)对125例乙型肝炎病毒患者血清进行了HBV-DNA检测,根据其检测结果与乙型肝炎病毒的其它复制标志物HBcAg(检测125例)、HBeAg(检测115例)、PreS_2Ag(检测92例)、PHSA-R(检测114例)、Anti—HBclgM(检测118例)进行比较。HBV-DNA阳性血清中HBcAg、HBeAg、PreS_2Ag、PHSA-R、Anti-HBcIgM的检出率分别为83.75％(67/80)、62.34％(48/77)、61.02％(39/59)、74.03％(57/77)、72.97％(54/74)。经统计学处理,显示五项复制标志物与HBV-DNA的相关关系应是:HBcAg>PHSA-R>Anti-HB-cIgM>HBeAg>PreS_2Ag。在HBV-DNA(PCR)阳性血清中,HBcAg的检出率为最高。提示在除HBV-DNA(PCR)外,上述五项标志物中,HBcAg可能是HBV-DBA复制的最佳指标。HBeAg在HBV复制过程中的地位仍有待今后进一步探讨。