2016—2019年常州地区无偿献血者酶免和核酸平行检测结果分析

目的分析ELISA和NAT平行的血液筛查模式对降低经输血感染病原体风险的有效性。方法收集常州市2016—2019年270215例无偿献血者血液标本,采用两次ELISA并行检测HBsAg、抗HCV、抗HIV和抗TP。268264例ELISA双阴性标本采用6人份混样(pool)NAT进行HBV DNA、HCV RNA和HIV RNA的检测,核酸阳性的pool进行拆分单检。结果270215例无偿献血者HBsAg、抗HCV、抗HIV和抗TP的阳性率分别为2.58‰(697例)、1.49‰(402例)、0.23‰(61例)和3.06‰(827例)。268264例酶免阴性无偿献血者HBV DNA、HCV RNA和HIV RNA阳性率分别为0.86‰(230例)、0.01‰(3例)和0.01‰(2例)。结论ELISA与NAT两种检测方法能相互补充,极大降低了输血感染病原体的残余风险,保障输血安全。NAT能进一步缩短血液传染性病毒的检测“窗口期”,检出隐匿性病毒。     

Activation of Nrf2 Pathway by Dimethyl Fumarate Attenuates Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

BackgroundDimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a novel antioxidant that selectively reduces hydroxyl radicals. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of DMF in the pathogenesis of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and the mechanisms involved.MethodsC57BL/6 wild-type mice were treated with DMF or a vehicle. Subsequently, renal IRI was induced in mice by a model of right kidney nephrectomy and left renal ischemia for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion for 24 hours. Sham operation and phosphate-buffered saline were used as controls. Serum and renal tissues were collected at 24 hours after IRI to evaluate the influence of DMF on the recovery of renal function after IRI. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were measured. Kidney cell apoptosis was evaluated using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive staining. Interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α cytokines in the kidney tissues were measured. Indicators of oxidative stress in the kidneys were detected. Finally, Nrf2-deficient mice were used to determine the protective role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1) signaling pathways induced by DMF using western blot assay.ResultsDMF significantly attenuated renal dysfunction in mice and showed reductions in the severity of renal tubular injury, cell necrosis, and apoptosis. Moreover, DMF significantly reduced the amount of key inflammatory mediators. Additionally, DMF attenuated the malondialdehyde levels 24 hours after IRI but upregulated the superoxide dismutase activities. Western blot assay showed that DMF significantly increased the protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO-1. Importantly, these DMF-mediated beneficial effects were not observed in Nrf2-deficient mice.ConclusionsDMF attenuates renal IRI by reducing inflammation and upregulating the antioxidant capacity, which may be through Nrf2/HO-1and NQO1 signaling pathway.     

Relationships between anthropometric adiposity indexes and bone mineral density in a cross-sectional Chinese study

Background ContextPrevious studies have reported conflicting results for the relationships between anthropometric adiposity indexes and bone mineral density, based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). However, few studies were published based on quantitative computed tomography (QCT), especially for Chinese population.PurposeTo evaluate the associations of spine bone mineral density (BMD) with body mass index (BMI), waist circumstance (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and a body shape index (ABSI) using QCT.Study Design/SettingA Cross-sectional study.Patient SampleAround 3,457 participants in multiple communities across 7 administrative regions of China.Outcome MeasuresSpine BMD was measured using QCT, and the classification of osteoporosis was defined as follows: 1) osteoporosis if BMD <80mg/cm³, 2) osteopenia if BMD 80–119 mg/cm³, and 3) normal bone mass if BMD≥120 mg/cm³.MethodsThis study was conducted using convenient sampling between 2013 and 2017. Multivariable linear regression model and logistic regression models were used for the associations of continuous and categorical BMD, respectively.ResultsAround 3,405 participants were included in the final analyses, including 1,272 males and 2,133 females, with spine BMD of 111.00±35.47 mg/cm³ and 99.38±40.60 mg/cm³, respectively. Spine BMD decreased significantly with the increase of ABSI in females (adjusted β, ?5.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], ?8.50 to ?2.98), and this trend also was kept in females aged at less than 60 years (adjusted β, ?14.54; 95% CI, ?20.40 to ?8.68), and females with age ≥60 years (adjusted β, ?7.59; 95% CI, ?10.91 to ?4.28). However, this inverse association was observed only in males with age ≥ 60 years (adjusted β, ?5.19; 95% CI, ?10.08 to ?0.29). Except ABSI, negative associations of Spine BMD with WC (adjusted β, ?0.46; 95% CI, ?0.77 to ?0.15), WHR (adjusted β, ?6.25; 95% CI, ?10.63 to ?1.86), WHtR (adjusted β, ?6.80; 95% CI, ?11.63 to ?1.97) were shown in females aged at <60 years, and positive association with BMI in males with age ≥60 years (adjusted β, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.29–1.55).ConclusionsABSI had more remarkable association with spine BMD, compared with the other four indexes.     

武进农村地区人群静息心率与2型糖尿病发病风险的队列研究

目的 探讨武进农村地区成人静息心率与2型糖尿病发病风险的相关性。方法 研究对象来源于2004—2005武进农村地区前瞻队列研究中35岁以上符合条件的10 066参与者。根据受试者基线静息心率的四分位数将其分为4组,第一组心率48～67次/min,第二组心率68～71次/min,第三组心率72～77次/min,第四组心率78～120次/min。调查内容包括问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测。使用Cox比例风险模型分析静息心率与2型糖尿病发病之间的关系。结果 经过平均7.35年的随访,共406例新发2型糖尿病,发病密度为5.49/1 000人年。Cox回归分析结果显示,在校正潜在混杂因素后,与第一组相比,第二、三、四组2型糖尿病发病风险比HR（95%CI）分别为1.75（1.26～2.45）、1.77（1.28～2.44）、1.85（1.34～2.54）,静息心率与患2型糖尿病风险之间存在正相关（χ2趋势 = 15.98,P = 0.001）。静息心率与年龄、体重指数（BMI）、是否吸烟、是否饮酒、有无糖尿病家族史在2型糖尿病发病风险中均不存在显著交互作用（P交互＞0.05）。结论 静息心率的升高与2型糖尿病发病风险增加显著相关,是2型糖尿病发病的独立危险因素。     

氯氮平与其他抗精神病药物致白细胞减少对照研究的Meta分析

目的 :进一步了解氯氮平与其他抗精神病药物致白细胞减少的差异。方法 :按标准对收集的关于氯氮平与其他抗精神病药物致白细胞减少的对照研究论文作 Meta分析。结果 :(1)氯氮平与其他抗精神病药物导致白细胞减少存在着显著差异 (χ2 =7.2 5 7,P<0 .0 1) ;(2 )氯氮平引起白细胞减少的机率是其他抗精神药物的 1.49倍。结论 :氯氮平与其他抗精神病药物导致白细胞减少存在显著差异     

2型糖尿病核心家系的遗传易感性研究

通过对２型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）核心家系的分析,探讨了遗传因素在核心家系成员中所起作用的程度。结果表明：病例核心家系一级亲属ＮＩＤＤＭ 的发病率非常显著的高于对照组,χ２ ＝ １７．０,Ｐ＜ ０．００１,相对危险度（ＲＲ）为３．３０,９５％ 可信区间为１．８０～６．０５。不论父母、同胞和子女,均以病例亲属的发病率显著高于对照;病例组各亲属中,不论男女和年龄,标准化发病率比（ＳＩＲ）均明显高于对照人群的１００,经统计学Ｚ检验有极显著意义;病例核心家系的ＲＲ、归因危险度（ＡＲ）％ 也明显较高,进一步说明血缘关系与ＮＩＤＤＭ 之间有较强的联系。     

常州市交通警察神经行为功能的调查研究

目的了解常州市交通污染对交通警察神经行为功能的影响。方法采用ＷＨＯ推荐的神经行为核心测试组合,对９６名交通警察及７３名对照作神经行为功能测试。结果交警组的紧张、忧郁、愤怒和疲惫项的情感得分高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５、Ｐ＜０．０１）,有力项的情感得分以及平均反应时、提转捷度的习惯用手、数字跨度、数字译码等项目的得分均低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论交警的神经行为功能已发生改变,为保证其身心健康,必须采取有效预防保健措施。     

宁泌泰胶囊治疗女性尿道综合征53例

为观察宁泌泰胶囊对女性尿道综合征的治疗效果，用宁泌泰胶囊治疗53例女性尿道综合征，疗程7天。总有效率90．6％。提示宁泌泰胶囊对尿道综合征有较好疗效，且疗程短、副作用少。