重型危重型新型冠状病毒肺炎危险因素分析

目的 分析重型危重型新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)发生的危险因素,为早期预测新冠肺炎轻型普通型进展为重型危重型提供依据。 方法 收集2020年1月17日—3月14日在长沙市第一医院收治的新冠肺炎确诊患者的基本情况、流行病学、临床和实验室资料。采用回顾性队列分析研究重型危重型新冠肺炎发生的危险因素,单因素χ²检验和多因素logistic回归分析相关指标。 结果 169例患者纳入研究,其中136例为轻型普通型,33例为重型危重型。单因素分析显示,重型危重型和轻型普通型在年龄、饮酒史、感染地为湖北、有明确接触史、合并慢性心脏病、高血压、总蛋白、白蛋白、淋巴细胞、血糖、乳酸脱氢酶、降钙素原、C反应蛋白差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);多因素logistic分析显示,有饮酒史(OR=3.06)、有慢性心脏疾病(OR=15.26)、总蛋白偏低(OR=2.13)、入院时血糖升高(OR=4.91)、C反应蛋白升高(OR=12.34)为重型危重型新冠肺炎的独立危险因素(P＜0.05)。 结论 有饮酒史、有慢性心脏疾病、入院时总蛋白偏低、血糖升高、C反应蛋白升高为重型危重型新冠肺炎的危险因素。提示医师在诊疗过程中应重点关注有以上因素的轻型普通型新冠肺炎患者。     

Ⅱ型糖尿病与非糖尿病急性心肌梗死临床对比研究

目的：为了解Ⅱ型糖尿病并发急性心肌梗死的临床特点及预后。方法;对102例糖尿病并急性心肌梗死和98例非糖尿病急性心肌梗死做临床对比研究。结果;发现Ⅱ型糖尿病发生无痛性急性心肌梗死的构成比（36．27％）较非糖尿病发生的构成比（11．22％）高（P＜0．01）;发生大面积梗死的构成比（62．74％）比对照组的发生构成比（31．63％）明显升高（P＜0．01）;严重心律失常的发生构成比（65．69％）及死亡构成比（32．35％）均明显高于非糖尿病者（34．69％和11．22％）（P＜0．005）,主要死因均为泵衰竭和心跳骤停;入院第1周内的死亡构成比（13．73％）较非糖尿病者的（4．08％）明显升高（P＜0．05）。结论：Ⅱ型糖尿病并发急性心肌梗死患者较无糖尿病的急性心肌梗死患者病情重、预后差、第1周内及住院期的死亡率高。     

东莨菪硷对兔急性脑损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的 :研究M受体拮抗剂东莨菪硷对兔急性脑损伤的保护作用 ,并初步探讨乙酰胆碱 (ACh)在创伤性脑伤早期病理变化中的作用。方法 :用自由落体打击器制作兔脑外伤模型 ,并于伤后 5min ,2h腹腔注射东莨菪硷 ,用经颅多谱勒监测大脑中动脉血流速度和搏动指数的变化 ;取脑组织检测Ca2 +、伊文思蓝 (EB)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、丙二醛 (MDA) ,并作病理检查。结果 :病检证实本模型符合临床所见加速性脑损伤的病理变化 ,东莨菪硷可降低兔脑外伤后脑组织中Ca2 +,MDA ,EB含量 ,升高SOD ,增加脑血流。结论 :脑外伤后早期ACh可致神经元钙超载、氧自由基反应、脑血管痉挛和血脑屏障 (BBB)通透性增强 ,M受体拮抗剂东莨菪硷可改善这些病理变化 ,具有脑保护作用     

Safety and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine,Qiaoshao formula,combined with dapoxetine in the treatment of premature ejaculation: An open-label,real-life,retrospective multicentre study in Chinese men

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Chinese medicine, Qiaoshao formula combined with dapoxetine was used for the treatment of premature ejaculation in a real-life setting. Nine hundred and five males diagnosed with premature ejaculation were reviewed in this retrospective cohort study. We divided the patients into two groups: dapoxetine alone and Qiaoshao formula combined with dapoxetine according to actual interventions provided to patients in clinics. The perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time and the premature ejaculation profile measures markedly improved in both groups. However, in men with severe premature ejaculation (baseline perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time <1 min) and those with baseline age ≤30 years, the perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time was slightly but significantly longer with combined therapy than with dapoxetine alone (p < .05). Therefore, combined therapy involving the Qiaoshao formula and dapoxetine proved to safe as well as effective for treating premature ejaculation while prolonging the perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time, which significantly improved the overall satisfaction of the patient and likely that of the couple.     

基于分子连接性指数相似度探讨归肺和大肠经中药成分“印迹模板”的分布特征及实验验证

目的 利用分子拓扑结构探讨归肺和大肠经中药成分“印迹模板”的特征,并进行实验验证,确定归肺和大肠经可能的物质基础。方法 以普通高等教育“十三五”国家级规划教材《中药学》为基准,为排除其他经络如肝经、肾经等混合归经的影响,对443味中药（不包含附药）进行归纳且只确定归肺和大肠经中药,再通过查阅中国知网和中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台（Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,TCMSP）,归纳总结出归肺和大肠经中药化学成分,并对其中相同的化学成分进行整理、删减、合并,计算分子连接性指数（molecular connectivity index,MCI）;运用夹角余弦法计算出各成分MCI与总体平均MCI的相似度,确定成分部位和对照品;建立相似度与保留时间的关系,进行中药与对照品的HPLC指纹图谱的印迹性比较,从而确定归肺和大肠经可能表征的化学结构特征。结果共获得11味中药的886种化学成分,黄酮、蒽醌、鞣质类成分的相似度较高,且在药材中分布集中,故选取其中相似度排名依次为...     

Guidelines for the diagnosis,treatment, prevention and control of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli

The dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CRGNB) is a global public health issue. CRGNB isolates are usually extensively drug-resistant or pandrug-resistant, resulting in limited antimicrobial treatment options and high mortality. A multidisciplinary guideline development group covering clinical infectious diseases, clinical microbiology, clinical pharmacology, infection control, and guideline methodology experts jointly developed the present clinical practice guidelines based on best available scientific evidence to address the clinical issues regarding laboratory testing, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention of CRGNB infections. This guideline focuses on carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales (CRE), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA). Sixteen clinical questions were proposed from the perspective of current clinical practice and translated into research questions using PICO (population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes) format to collect and synthesize relevant evidence to inform corresponding recommendations. The grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to evaluate the quality of evidence, benefit and risk profile of corresponding interventions and formulate recommendations or suggestions. Evidence extracted from systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was considered preferentially for treatment-related clinical questions. Observational studies, non-controlled studies, and expert opinions were considered as supplementary evidence in the absence of RCTs. The strength of recommendations was classified as strong or conditional (weak). The evidence informing recommendations derives from studies worldwide, while the implementation suggestions combined the Chinese experience. The target audience of this guideline is clinician and related professionals involved in management of infectious diseases.     

腹腔镜解剖性肝Ⅶ段切除术的难点与应对策略

腹腔镜解剖性肝Ⅶ段切除术是被公认难度较大的肝段切除手术方式之一。肝Ⅶ段因其位置与解剖特点,行解剖性肝切除术时存在显露不佳、操作困难、肝蒂解剖复杂、切除平面难以确定和断肝容易出血等问题。笔者在行腹腔镜解剖性肝Ⅶ段切除术时病人常规采取左侧半卧位,将Trocar布局整体向右季肋区偏移,根据术前三维重建个体化选择适宜的肝Ⅶ段肝蒂解剖方式,由肝Ⅵ和Ⅶ段间平面开始离断肝脏,以垂直方向寻找和显露肝右静脉主干,然后以肝右静脉作为肝内路标指引肝实质离断。笔者临床经验表明:通过选择合适手术策略能有效降低腹腔镜解剖性肝Ⅶ段切除术难度、提高手术安全性和可控性,同时保证肿瘤根治性效果。     

中国国家出生队列研究调查对象的基线特征分析

目的 探讨生命早期环境因素、遗传因素和遗传与环境交互作用对子代近期和远期健康的影响以及系统评价和比较辅助生殖受孕和自然受孕人群的妊娠结局和子代健康相关结局。方法 中国国家出生队列（CNBC）研究是一项覆盖辅助生殖受孕家庭和自然受孕家庭的多中心前瞻性出生队列研究。2016年,CNBC项目陆续在我国12个省（自治区、直辖市）的24所医院启动,以家庭为单位纳入研究对象,并在辅助生殖治疗前、胚胎移植、孕早期、孕中期、孕晚期及分娩时以及出生后第42天、6个月、12个月、36个月多个时点采集数据信息和生物样本。结果 截至2020年6月,CNBC共纳入27 044个辅助生殖受孕家庭,29 589个自然受孕家庭,CNBC的研究人群中绝大部分为城市居民。在辅助生殖受孕家庭中,男女双方分别有65.5%和63.7%为大学及以上文化程度,年龄为（33.83±5.52）和（32.38±4.67）岁;女方83.2%为初产妇,吸烟率为0.8%,饮酒率为2.1%。在自然受孕家庭中,男女双方分别有81.5%和86.5%为大学及以上文化程度,年龄为（32.06±5.09）和（30.40±4.27）岁,女方67.2%为初产妇,吸烟率为0.1%,饮酒率为2.2%。不同地区的辅助生殖受孕家庭和自然受孕家庭的基线特征均有差异。结论 CNBC的建立将为研究生命早期遗传、环境因素、遗传-环境交互作用以及辅助生殖技术治疗相关因素对出生后子代健康的影响提供了重要资源。