Significant Histologic Changes Are Not Rare in Treatment-naive Hepatitis B Patients with Normal Alanine Aminotransferase Level: A Meta-analysis

Background and AimsChronic hepatitis B is the main cause of liver cancer. However, the most neglected group has been treatment-naive chronic hepatitis B patients with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT). People have tended to subjectively assume that the liver lesions of these patients are not serious and do not need antiviral treatment. However, the truth is not as optimistic as we thought. We aimed in this study to analyze the proportion of significant inflammation or fibrosis in aforementioned patients.MethodsMedline, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched up to January 10^th 2020, to identify studies of these patients with liver biopsy. The double arcsine method was used with a random-effect model to combine the proportion of significant inflammation or fibrosis. Potential heterogeneity was explored by subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Outcome of interests included the proportion of significant inflammation or fibrosis and cirrhosis. The secondary outcome was to find the risk factors of significant histological changes.ResultsNineteen eligible studies, with 2,771 participants, were included. The pooled proportion of significant inflammation or fibrosis was 35% [95% confidence interval (CI): 27 to 43] and 30% (95% CI: 25 to 36), respectively. The pooled proportion of cirrhosis was 3% [95% CI: 1 to 5, (12 studies; 1,755 participants)]. In subgroup analysis, old age [vs. young (<40 years-old), 44% vs. 26%, p=0.012] was significantly associated with higher fibrosis stage as well as cirrhosis [vs. young (<40 years-old), 4.8% vs. 1.8%, p<0.001].ConclusionsAbout 1/3 of the treatment-naive chronic hepatitis B patients with normal ALT show significant histological changes, and some even have cirrhosis.     

大黄、赤芍对肝衰竭大鼠血清一氧化氮的影响

目的:探讨大黄、赤芍对肝衰竭大鼠血清NO的影响。方法:采用85%肝叶切除术构建大鼠肝衰竭肝再生模型,检测血清NOS、NO含量,观察肝细胞有丝分裂指数,并观察大鼠术后168h内存活率。结果:药物干预组及模型组血清中NOS、NO的峰值出现在术后12h,于术后36h出现个次峰值,药物干预组与模型组比较(P<0.01),大黄赤芍联合组与促肝细胞生长素组比较(P>0.05);模型组及药物干预组肝细胞有丝分裂于术后24h、48h出现2次高峰,药物干预组与模型组比较(P<0.05);成模后168h各组之间的存活率以大黄赤芍联合组和促肝细胞生长素组疗效最佳。大黄、赤芍具有促进肝细胞再生作用,其机理可能与其诱导血清NO的水平有关。     

腹水超滤浓缩技术应用研究

目的：应用研发的腹水超滤治疗仪和腹水超滤技术进行顽固性腹水的临床观察研究。方法：采用腹腔对腹腔腹水浓缩回输技术对各类病因引起的顽固性腹水的647例患者进行治疗。结果：顽固性腹水患者平均治疗（2.8±1.5）次,治疗时间为（2.4±1.2）h/次;滤出腹水（8543±2427）ml/次,体重平均下降（8.4±2.4）kg;腹围由治疗前的（108.7±13.5）cm降低至（87.4±15.3）cm;24 h尿量明显增加,由治疗前的（257.8±235.6）ml增至（725.8±436.9）ml（t＝3.147,P＜0.01）。不良反应发生率为3.3％（63例/1892例次）。结论：腹腔对腹腔腹水浓缩回输技术方法简单,适应症广,且不良反应小,是一种治疗顽固性腹水有效的方法。     

Alcoholic liver injury: pathogenesis and therapy in 2001.

Much progress has been made in the understanding of the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease, resulting in improvement of prevention and promising prospects for even more effective treatments. It continues to be important to replenish nutritional deficiencies when present but it is crucial to recognize that, because of the alcohol-induced disease process, some of the nutritional requirements change. For instance, methionine, one of the essential amino acids for humans, must be activated to SAMe but, in severe liver disease, the activity of the corresponding enzyme is depressed. Therefore, the resulting deficiencies and associated pathology can be attenuated by the administration of SAMe, but not by methionine. Similarly, phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase (PEMT) activity, which is important for hepatic phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis, is also depressed in alcoholic liver disease, therefore calling for administration of the products of the reaction. It might also be beneficial to add other compounds to such therapeutic regiment. Since free radical generation by the ethanol-induced CYP2E1 plays a key role in the oxidative stress, inhibitors of this enzyme have great promise. Several have been investigated experimentally and PPC is particularly interesting because of its innocuity. In view of the striking negative interaction between alcoholic liver injury and hepatitis C, an antiviral agent is eagerly awaited that, unlike Interferon, is not contraindicated in the alcoholic. Anti-inflammatory agents are also required. In addition to down-regulators of cytokines and end toxic are being considered. Finally, since excess drinking is the crux of the issue, anticraving agents should be incorporated in any contemplated therapeutic cocktail, in view of the recent promising results obtained with some of these agents such as naltrexone and acamprosate.     

重庆地区丙型肝炎病毒基因型分布及临床意义

目的:了解重庆地区近年来丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)基因型分布、演变和可能的临床意义,为更好防治丙型肝炎提供依据。方法:回顾性研究2010年1月至2013年12月期间在重庆医科大学附属第二医院就诊并有基因分型结果的丙型肝炎患者的基因型分布,并与该地区其它文献报道的数据相比较,探讨基因型演变的可能影响因素。结果:共收集941例HCV感染者,检出4种基因型、9种基因亚型,成功进行基因分型有857例(均为单一基因型,分型率91.1%)。其基因型分布为:1a 30例(3.5%)、1b 238例(27.8%)、2a 42例(4.9%)、2b 1例(0.1%)、3a 132例(15.4%)、3b 244例(28.5%)、3k 6例(0.7%)、6a124例(14.5%)、6b 40例(4.7%)。与5年前的结果比较发现HCV 1b、2a亚型明显下降,3型、6型比例上升,差异具有统计学意义。结论:3b、1b型为目前重庆地区丙型肝炎患者感染HCV的主要基因型,3a、6a型亦占有较大比例,提示重庆地区HCV流行的基因型呈现多样性。