运用小鼠淋巴瘤细胞基因突变试验测定4,4′-二甲基二苯基碘鎓盐六氟磷酸盐的遗传毒性

目的研究运用小鼠淋巴瘤试验(MLA)对4,4′-二甲基二苯基碘鎓盐六氟磷酸盐(IHT-PI820)作为食品外包装上油墨使用安全性的评价。方法采用L5178Y细胞,处理3h,表达48h后测定突变细胞频率及小集落比例。同时进行添加和未添加代谢活化系统的试验,每个条件下设6个剂量组,阴性(二甲亚砜)、阳性(甲磺酸甲酯或环磷酰胺)对照组及IHT-PI8204个剂量组(37.5,75.0,150.0和300.0mg·L-1),在相同条件下,每组设定两个平行样。结果IHT-PI820各剂量组和阳性对照组的突变频率均显著性高于阴性对照组,并且IHT-PI820各剂量组间存在明确的剂量反应关系,小集落的比例也随剂量的升高呈上升趋势。结论IHT-PI820可以诱发小鼠淋巴瘤细胞Tk基因突变,故将其作为食品外包装上的油墨使用时,应严格按照相关的行业规定操作。     

Genomic and comparative genomic analyses of Rickettsia heilongjiangensis provide insight into its evolution and pathogenesis

Rickettsia heilongjiangensis, the causative agent of far eastern spotted fever, is an obligate intracellular gram-negative bacterium that belongs to the spotted fever group rickettsiae. To understand the evolution and pathogenesis of R. heilongjiangensis, we analyzed its genome and compared it with other rickettsial genomes available in GenBank. The R. heilongjiangensis chromosome contains 1333 genes, including 1297 protein coding genes and 36 RNA coding genes. The genome also contains 121 pseudogenes, 54 insertion sequences, and 39 tandem repeats. Sixteen genes encoding the major components of the type IV secretion systems were identified in the R. heilongjiangensis genome. In total, 37 β-barrel outer membrane proteins were predicted in the genome, eight of which have been previously confirmed to be outer membrane proteins. In addition, 266 potential virulence factor genes, seven partially deleted antibiotic resistance genes, and a genomic island were identified in the genome. The codon usage in the genome is compatible with its low GC content, and the amino acid usage shows apparent bias. A comparative genomic analysis showed that R. heilongjiangensis and R. japonica share one unique fragment that may be a target sequence for a diagnostic assay. The orthologs of 37 genes of R. heilongjiangensis were found in pathogenic R. rickettsii str. Sheila Smith but not in non-pathogenic R. rickettsii str. Iowa, which may explain why R. heilongjiangensis is pathogenic. Pan-genome analysis showed that R. heilongjiangensis and 42 other rickettsiae strains share 693 core genes with a pan-genome size of 4837 genes. The pan-genome-based phylogeny showed that R. heilongjiangensis was closely related to R. japonica.     

腹主动脉瘤性别差异性的生物力学研究进展

腹主动脉瘤具有性别差异性,男性发病率较高,而女性的破裂发生率与术后死亡率均较高,这一性别差异性现象会影响到腹主动脉瘤患者的诊断、治疗及术后康复。本文综述了腹主动脉瘤性别差异性的研究现状,从阈值判定及生物力学、力学生物学等方面探究了腹主动脉瘤性别差异性这一现象,并指出男女腹主动脉尺寸差异、解剖结构及血管结构成分不同而导致的生物力学以及力生物学的差异,可能是导致两性腹主动脉瘤呈现出差异性的重要原因。针对腹主动脉瘤性别差异性的生物力学研究,将会为腹主动脉瘤诊断、治疗及器械设计、患者护理和康复提出基于性别差异的改进建议。     

抗HER2靶点抗体偶联药物大鼠重复给药毒性研究

目的：通过对大鼠尾静脉重复注射给药重组抗HER2人源化单克隆抗体偶联美登素衍生物DM1,对其进行临床前安全性评价。方法：大鼠随机分成5个试验组,包括空白对照组、受试物低（5 mg·kg^-1）、中（11 mg·kg^-1）、高（22 mg·kg^-1）剂量组和已知对照药品组（22 mg·kg^-1,Kadcyla?）,每组30只动物,雌性各半。尾静脉注射给药,每周给药1次,连续给药3次,末次给药后恢复3周。研究期间,在不同时间点对动物临床症状、体重、摄食量、体温、尿液、血液学、血清生化及组织病理学等指标进行检测。结果：给药后,动物出现一定程度的不良反应,且作用强度呈剂量依赖性递增。毒副反应症状包括摄食量减少、尿液pH值改变;血液学检查发现,动物Lymph、RBC、HGB、HCT、MCV、MCH、MCHC、APTT下降,WBC、Neut、Mono、Eos、Baso、Retic计数升高;血清生化检查发现,动物TG、A/G、Na⁺、K⁺下降,ALT、AST、ALP、GGT、CHO、LDH、BUN、TP升高;骨髓检查发现,受试物影响动物红系细胞成熟分化;受试物引起动物肝脏、脾脏、肺（含支气管）重量增加,睾丸、附睾重量减少;组织病理学检查发现,肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、垂体、肾上腺、舌、皮肤细胞有丝分裂项增加,睾丸生精细胞数目减少和变性坏死,附睾精子减少和纤维组织增生。对照品组动物,给药后出现上述同样的改变。试验结果表明,受试物和已知对照药品两种药物的大鼠毒性研究结果具有相似性。结论：大鼠尾静脉重复注射给予重组抗HER2人源化单克隆抗体偶联美登素衍生物DM1后,毒性靶器官为肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、胸腺、肺（含支气管）、肠系膜淋巴结、十二指肠、睾丸、附睾、眼球、垂体、肾上腺、皮肤、舌、胸骨（骨髓）。未见毒性反应剂量（NOAEL ≤ 5 mg·kg^-1）。上述研究结果支持该药物成功获得临床试验批准,为后续开展临床研究提供了参考依据。     

miR-1-3p在食蟹猴心肌损伤中表达水平及其与CK-MB、cTnI和NT-proBNP的相关性

目的探讨循环miR-1-3p在多柔比星诱导食蟹猴心肌损伤模型中的表达水平和诊断价值。方法选取3~5岁普通级雄性食蟹猴17只,随机分为对照组(7只)和实验组(10只),静脉注射盐酸多柔比星注射液(2.5 mg/kg)4周,收集外周血浆标本和心脏组织标本,应用液相芯片技术测定肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)和NT-proBNP表达水平,且应用实时定量PCR技术测定miR-1-3p表达的水平,并进行相关性分析。结果成功建立药物致食蟹猴心肌损伤模型;两组CK-MB、cTnI和NT-proBNP水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组miR-1-3p的表达水平在给药4周后较给药前和对照组相比明显升高(P<0.05);miR-1-3p的表达水平与CK-MB、cTnI和NT-proBNP改变呈现了相同的升高趋势,且二者之间具有明显相关性。结论miR-1-3p可作为药物引起心肌损伤的生物学诊断标志物之一。     

层析法提纯A、C、Y、W135群脑膜炎球菌荚膜多糖工艺的建立

目的 建立A、C、Y、W135群脑膜炎球菌荚膜多糖层析纯化工艺。方法 采用陶瓷羟基磷灰石和DEAE Sepharose FF层析柱，在PBS体系中纯化A群多糖。以0.5%脱氧胆酸钠预处理C群多糖，用陶瓷羟基磷灰石层析柱在PBS体系中纯化C群多糖。以含有脱氧胆酸钠的平衡缓冲液溶解Y和W135群多糖，再用Capto Adhere和Capto DEAE层析柱串联纯化。纯化的多糖经Sephadex G-25 Medium层析柱脱盐后冻干，按中国药典2015年版三部的要求进行检定。结果  经过层析纯化，A、C、Y、W135群多糖的蛋白质含量分别降至3.7、4.2、5.4和5.3 mg/g，核酸含量分别降至1.2、3.0、1.1和0.8 mg/g，均符合药典要求。此外，磷、唾液酸和O-乙酰基含量等指标亦均符合药典标准。结论 建立了A、C、Y、W135群脑膜炎球菌荚膜多糖的层析纯化工艺。     

两种方法对Ⅰ型Sabin株脊髓灰质炎病毒神经毒力的共同评价

目的 研究PCR和限制性内切酶分析突变（mutant analysis by PCR and restriction enzyme cleavage,MAPREC）技术和猴体神经毒力试验（monkey neurovirulence test,MNVT）评价同一批Ⅰ型Sabin株脊灰病毒神经毒力的结果差异。方法 采用MAPREC技术,检测Ⅰ型Sabin株脊灰病毒神经毒力关键位点480和525位点突变率;采用MNVT病理切片分析,评价Ⅰ型Sabin株脊灰病毒神经毒力。结果 MAPREC检测待测样品核酸480和525位点突变率均值为0.460%,低于高突变参考品的1.288%。MNVT切片结果分析表明,有效猴病变分值差合格。结论 对同一批样品,MAPREC与MNVT分析结果一致。     

麻疹风疹联合减毒活疫苗的稳定性观察

目的  观察麻疹风疹联合减毒活疫苗（麻风二联）的稳定性。方法  将17批北京生物制品研究所有限责任公司（北京公司）2012—2017年生产的麻风二联存放于（5±3）℃,分别在0、9、12、18和24个月按照企业注册标准和中国药典2010或2015年版三部要求进行相关检测。同时对新、旧车间生产的各3批疫苗进行主要质量指标比对。结果  随着存放时间延长,疫苗的病毒滴度呈逐渐下降趋势,麻疹病毒滴度波动于3.9~4.8 lg半数细胞培养感染量（CCID₅₀)/ml,风疹病毒滴度波动于4.0~4.8 lgCCID₅₀/ml,热稳定病毒滴度下降均不超过1.0 lg,疫苗水分不高于3.0%,疫苗的其余各项指标均符合企业注册标准和中国药典要求。新、旧车间生产的疫苗质量没有差别。结论  北京公司生产的麻风二联的质量稳定。     

Relation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio to acute kidney injury in patients with sepsis and septic shock: A retrospective study

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine the association of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) measured at the time of admission to intensive unit (ICU) with acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with sepsis and septic shock. In addition, we investigated whether the NLR affects in-hospital mortality in septic AKI patients.MethodsIn this retrospective study, a total of 222 adult patients with sepsis and septic shock were included, who were admitted to the ICU of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2015 to December 2017. Sepsis and septic shock were diagnosed based on sepsis-3 consensus. AKI was diagnosed according to the KDIGO-AKI criteria. The primary outcome of the study was septic AKI. The secondary endpoint was in-hospital mortality of patients with septic AKI.Results132 patients (59.46%) had AKI, and 64 (28.83%) died, of whom 55 (41.67%) in the AKI group and 9 (10.00%) in the non-AKI group. The NLR of the AKI group was significantly higher than that of the non-AKI group, and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that the NLR was independent predictors of septic AKI (OR = 1.047, 95% CI: 1.005–1.091, P = 0.026). The ROC curve showed that the AUC of the NLR for predicting septic AKI was 0.656 (95% CI 0.584–0.728, P < 0.001) and the cutoff value was 17.11 (sensitivity, 62.1%; specificity, 68.9%). However, no correlation was found between the NLR and in-hospital mortality in septic AKI patients.ConclusionNLR, a laboratory variable that is simple, widely available and inexpensive, was associated with the development of septic AKI and may be potential for risk stratification of septic AKI.     

3种中和剂对常用消毒剂在Vero细胞上的中和效果

 目的  研究0.5%硫代硫酸钠、10%胰蛋白胨大豆肉汤（tryptic soy broth， TSB）培养基、10%Letheen肉汤培养基对实验室常用的4种消毒剂的中和效果，为疫苗生产和检定中科学选择中和剂提供依据。 方法  取生长良好的Vero细胞接种于96孔培养板，每组8个复孔，置于37 ℃、5% CO2培养过夜。将3种中和剂分别与杀孢子剂、0.5%“84”消毒液、酸性苯酸盐、碱性苯酚盐4种消毒剂中和后，接种于单层生长的Vero细胞，显微镜下观察细胞生长情况。结果  0.5%硫代硫酸钠分别与杀孢子剂、0.5%“84”消毒液中和后接种细胞，8孔细胞全部存活；而0.5%硫代硫酸钠分别与酸性苯酚盐和碱性苯酚盐的中和产物接种细胞后，细胞全部死亡。10% TSB培养基分别与酸性苯酚盐、碱性苯酚盐中和后接种细胞，8孔细胞全部存活；而10% TSB培养基分别与杀孢子剂和0.5%“84”消毒液的中和产物接种细胞后，细胞全部死亡。10%Letheen肉汤培养基接种细胞后，8个孔细胞全部死亡。结论  0.5%硫代硫酸钠可中和杀孢子剂和0.5%“84”消毒液的消毒作用，10%TSB培养基可中和酸性苯酚盐和碱性苯酚盐的消毒作用。10%Letheen肉汤培养对Vero细胞有毒性作用。