Effect of timing and duration of a single chest compression pause on short-term survival following prolonged ventricular fibrillation

BackgroundPauses during chest compressions are thought to have a detrimental effect on resuscitation outcome. The Guidelines 2005 have recently eliminated the post-defibrillation pause. Previous animal studies have shown that multiple pauses of increasing duration decrease resuscitation success. We investigated the effect of varying the characteristics of a single pause near defibrillation on resuscitation outcome.MethodsPart A: 48 swine were anesthetized, fibrillated for 7 min and randomized. Chest compressions were initiated for 90 s followed by defibrillation and then resumption of chest compressions. Four groups were studied—G2000: 40 s pause beginning 20 s before, and ending 20 s after defibrillation, A1: a 20 s pause just before defibrillation, A2: a 20 s pause ending 30 s prior to defibrillation, and group A3: a 10 s pause ending 30 s prior to defibrillation. Part B: 12 swine (Group B) were studied with a protocol identical to Part A but with no pause in chest compressions. Primary endpoint was survival to 4 h.ResultsThe survival rate was significantly higher for groups A1, A2, A3, and B (5/12, 7/12, 5/12, and 5/12 survived) than for the G2000 group (0/12, p < 0.05). Survival did not differ significantly among groups A1, A2, A3, and B.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the Guidelines 2005 recommendation to omit the post-shock pulse check and immediately resume chest compressions may be an important resuscitation protocol change. However, these results also suggest that clinical maneuvers further altering a single pre-shock chest compression pause provide no additional benefit.     

42例硬化性肺细胞瘤的CT特殊征象及病理分析

目的探讨硬化性肺细胞瘤(PSP)的CT特殊征象及病理学特点,以提高临床对PSP的认识及诊断水平。方法收集经术后病理证实的42例PSP患者的临床记录、螺旋CT图像与组织病理学报告,观察病灶的大小、分布、形态、强化特征、CT特殊征象和病理学特征。结果42例患者中,男女比例为1∶13;其中行增强扫描23例,无明显强化1例,轻度强化7例,中度强化8例,高度强化7例。病灶外观呈圆形、类圆形34例,不规则形态6例,磨玻璃状2例。血管贴边征阳性16例,晕征7例,空气新月征9例,跨裂征6例,钙化20例。行免疫组化检查者23例,其中CK阳性18例,EMA阳性19例,Vimentin阳性15例,CD34阳性9例,KI-67<5%18例,TTF-1阳性22例,PR阳性2例。结论"血管贴边征""空气新月征""晕征""跨裂征"及"钙化"作为PSP的CT特殊表现,为PSP诊断提供重要依据,TTF-1是确诊PSP的特异性指标,CK、EM高阳性率支持PSP来源于原始呼吸道上皮细胞,KI-67<5%高阳性率支持PSP良性属性。     

射频治疗对关节镜下半月板部分切除术早期疗效的影响

目的 探讨半月板部分切除术后使用射频汽化修整残留半月板对病人术后膝关节预后的影响。方法 前瞻性地纳入60例病人,随机分为两组,观察组（26例）病人采用膝关节镜下半月板部分切除+射频修整术,对照组病人（34例）采用膝关节镜下单纯半月板部分切除术。对比两组病人术后48 h伤口引流量及疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale, VAS）评分;采用膝关节Lysholm评分标准评估膝关节功能,记录并比较两组病人术前及术后6个月随访时的Lysholm评分。结果 观察组和对照组病人的术后引流量分别为（51.15±22.69） ml、（63.24±23.45） ml,VAS评分分别为（1.45±0.50）分、（1.62±0.55）分,两组间比较,差异均无统计学意义（t=0.264,P=0.610;t=0.259,P=0.613）;所有入组病人术后的Lysholm评分为（91.58±5.78）分,均优于术前的（73.53±4.52）分,差异有统计学意义（t=8.012,P=0.005）;观察组及对照组术后的Lysholm评分分别为（90.00±5.54）分、（92.79±5.75）分,差异无统计学意义（t=0.219,P=0.641）。结论 关节镜下行半月板部分切除术的出血量与使用射频汽化仪无关,无论是否使用射频汽化修整残留半月板,病人术后膝关节的功能都能得到较好的恢复。     

非手术治疗寰枢椎结核4例及文献复习

正寰枢椎结核临床少见,占脊柱结核的0.3%~1.0%~([1-2])。虽然寰枢椎结核发生率不高,但结核病灶随病情发展可破坏骨质或形成椎旁脓肿,压迫周围组织出现临床症状,对患者的工作生活造成较大影响。目前,临床上对于寰枢椎结核的治疗尚无统一意见,治疗方法多种多样,以手术治疗报道居多。其治疗原则和脊柱其他部位结核相同,主要是卧床休息,抗结核药物、固定和手术治疗。对于早期诊断、无广泛椎体破坏、无神经症状体征的患者,可行药     

经颅直流电刺激治疗重型颅脑损伤后意识障碍的临床效果及对患者神经功能的影响

目的探究经颅直流电刺激治疗重型颅脑损伤后意识障碍的临床效果及对患者神经功能的影响。方法将本院2015年6月至2019年6月收治的50例重型颅脑损伤后意识障碍患者采用随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,各25例。对照组给予常规治疗,试验组在此基础上增加经颅直流电刺激治疗。比较两组的治疗效果。结果治疗前,两组各参数均无显著差异(P>0.05)。治疗后,试验组的CRS-R评分高于对照组,NIHSS评分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组肌电图M波潜伏期、MCV及潜伏期有显著差异(P<0.05)。试验组的脑干听觉Ⅰ、Ⅱ级患者占比多于对照组,Ⅲ、Ⅳ级患者占比少于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组的脑电图Ⅰ~Ⅱ级患者占比多于对照组,Ⅳ~Ⅴ级患者占比少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论重型颅脑损伤后意识障碍患者应用经颅直流电刺激进行治疗,可改善患者的意识障碍程度,减轻神经受损情况,增强疗效。     

Beagle sciatic nerve regeneration across a 30 mm defect bridged by chitosan/PGA artificial nerve grafts

Longitudinally oriented microstructures are essential for a nerve scaffold to promote the significant regeneration of injured peripheral axons across nerve gaps. In the current study, we present a novel nerve-guiding collagen-chitosan (CCH) scaffold that facilitated the repair of 30 mm-long sciatic nerve defects in beagles. The CCH scaffolds were observed with a scanning electron microscope. Eighteen beagles were equally divided into CCH group, autograft group and non-graft group. The posture and gait of each dog was recorded at 12 and 24 weeks after surgery. Electrophysiological tests, Fluoro-Gold retrograde tracing test, Histological assessment of gastrocnemius and immunofluorescent staining of nerve regeneration were performed. Our investigation of regenerated sciatic nerves indicated that a CCH scaffold strongly supported directed axon regeneration in a manner similar to that achieved by autologous nerve transplantation. In vivo animal experiments showed that the CCH scaffold achieved nerve regeneration and functional recovery equivalent to that achieved by an autograft but without requiring the exogenous delivery of regenerative agents or cell transplantation. We conclude that CCH nerve guides show great promise as a method for repairing peripheral nerve defects.     

Clinical research in fragility fractures

The Fragility Fracture Network is coordinating international initiatives to promote collaborative research, multidisciplinary care, and the secondary prevention of fragility fractures. This review discusses the use of national audit processes and the collection of common outcomes to facilitate research, as well as the key role played by patient and public involvement, and strategies to overcome research barriers.     

植绒转运拭子联合显色培养基对鼻腔金黄色葡萄球菌定植的快速筛查

目的采用植绒转运拭子联合显色培养基对鼻腔金黄色葡萄球菌(SA)定植进行快速筛查,了解耳鼻喉头颈外科患者SA定植情况,为预防SA感染和医院感染防控提供依据。方法采用eSwab植绒转运拭子采集某院耳鼻喉头颈外科门诊患者鼻前庭标本,以WASPLab微生物自动化系统接种于羊血琼脂培养基和MRSA/SA显色培养基,孵育培养16、40 h,自动拍摄、观察菌落,通过质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)、药敏试验和mecA基因检测对SA进行验证。结果共采集200份鼻前庭标本,检出SA菌株48株,其中MSSA23株(占47.9%),MRSA25株(占比52.1%),鼻腔SA定植率为24.0%,MRSA定植率为12.5%。SA筛查阳性报告平均时间为(17.6±6.1)h。培养与质谱鉴定、耐药表型检测的符合率为100.0%,与mecA基因检测的符合率为97.9%。结论基于植绒转运拭子联合显色培养基的快速检测方法准确度较高,报告时间较短,可以用于SA定植快速筛查。     

呼吸训练对颈胸段脊髓损伤患者呼吸功能的影响

目的探讨呼吸训练对颈胸段脊髓损伤患者呼吸功能的影响。方法选取我院2018年3月至2019年9月收治的68例颈胸段脊髓损伤患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组(34例,常规治疗和护理+常规康复训练+呼吸训练)和对照组(34例,常规治疗和护理+常规康复训练)。比较两组患者的膈肌移动度、肺功能指标及临床效果。结果干预后,两组的膈肌移动度均增高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,两组的呼气峰流速(PEF)、用力肺活量(FVC)、最大通气量(MVV)均增高,且观察组明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的临床治疗总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论呼吸训练能有效改善颈胸段脊髓损伤患者的膈肌移动度和肺功能指标,从而改善呼吸功能。     

基于机器学习的睡眠剥夺注意力易损性分类研究

目的:旨在寻找可以对睡眠剥夺后注意力易损与耐受个体进行准确区分的白质纤维束。方法:借助弥散张量成像技术获取各向异性分数、轴向扩散系数、径向扩散系数及平均扩散系数等反映白质弥散特性的特征参数,使用支持向量机分类算法构建睡眠剥夺易损性分类模型;采用准确性、敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值等指标评价分类模型的性能表现;采用置换检验评估分类模型的显著性。结果:与只采用单一类型特征相比,使用组合特征构建的分类器表现性能最佳,其准确性、敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及曲线下面积分别为83.67%、80.00%、87.50%、86.96%、80.77%、88.67%。在组合特征构建的分类模型中对分类贡献较大的白质纤维束主要包括放射冠、内囊前肢、丘脑后辐射及皮质脊髓束等投射纤维、上纵束和扣带等联络纤维以及胼胝体和穹窿联合等联合纤维。结论:特定脑区间白质纤维束的微观结构特性可以作为区分睡眠剥夺后注意力易损与耐受个体的影像学标志物。