黄葵胶囊对阿霉素肾病肾组织炎症信号通路p38MAPK的干预作用

目的:阐明黄蜀葵花(Abelmoschus manihot,AM)提取物制剂——黄葵胶囊(Huangkui capsule,HKC)调节阿霉素肾病(adriamycin-induced nephropathy,ADRN)模型p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)信号通路从而改善肾组织炎症性损伤的机制.方法:将19只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、对照组和HKC组.对HKC组和对照组大鼠行右侧肾摘除术,并在4周内分2次经颈静脉注射阿霉素(adriamycin,ADR)建立ADRN模型.HKC组大鼠于第2次注射ADR后经灌胃给予HKC悬浊液,对照组和假手术组大鼠同时经灌胃给予蒸馏水,共干预4周.在HKC和蒸馏水干预前和干预后第1,2,3,4周末,分别称量大鼠体重,并检测24 h尿蛋白排泄量(24 h urinary protein excretion,Upro).肾摘除术后第8周末处死全部大鼠,抽取血液,摘除左肾并称重,观察血清生化指标、肾小球形态特征、肾小球α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)、Ⅰ型胶原(collagen type Ⅰ)表达特征、肾小球巨噬细胞(macrophage,Mφ)浸润特征等,并且检测肾组织转化生长因子(transforming growth factor,TGF)-β1,p38MAPK,磷酸化p38MAPK(phosphorylated p38MAPK,p-p38MAPK)蛋白相对表达量.结果:与对照组大鼠比较,HKC改善了模型鼠的蛋白尿和血清白蛋白(albumin,Alb),抑制了模型鼠系膜细胞(mesangial cell,MC)增殖、细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)及其胶原成分沉积,减轻了肾小球α-SMA,Ⅰ型胶原表达,减轻了肾小球ED1+,ED3+浸润,下调了模型鼠肾组织TGF-β1,p-p38MAPK蛋白表达.结论:HKC在体内具有减轻肾组织炎症性损伤的作用;HKC通过下调肾组织p38MAPK信号通路中关键信号分子——p-p38MAPK的蛋白表达,干预其相关信号通路的信号转导途径,减少肾组织内TGF-β1的表达和炎症细胞的浸润、活化,从而改善肾组织的炎症性损伤.     

HBV感染胎盘中IL-6 mRNA的表达及作用

目的: 探讨白细胞介素6(IL-6)mRNA在HBV感染胎盘中的表达情况.方法: 临床上选取HBsAg(+)且HBV DNA(1～3)×108copies*ml-1孕妇60例,应用免疫组化SP方法检测其胎盘上HBsAg、HBcAg,根据HBsAg和(或)HBcAg是否表达分为胎盘感染组及非感染组,应用ELISA及RT-PCR方法检测两组孕妇分娩前血清IL-6水平及分娩时胎盘IL-6 mRNA表达.结果: 胎盘感染组42例,非感染组18例.胎盘感染组宫内感染率15/42(35.7%),非感染组宫内感染率1/18(5.56%),两组之间有显著性差异(χ2=4.38,P＜0.05).胎盘感染组胎盘局部IL-6 mRNA表达明显高于非感染组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组血清IL-6水平无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论: 胎盘感染是HBV宫内感染的危险因素,胎盘局部IL-6表达与胎盘HBV感染可能有一定的相关性.     

基于住院患者体验的地市级公立医院服务质量研究

[目的]分析地市级公立医院住院患者在医疗技术、医德医风、服务态度、流程管理、医疗费用、就医环境等方面的就医体验,对地市级公立医疗服务质量进行科学评估,为进一步提高地市级公立医院服务质量提供依据.[方法]从某市域内选取4家公立医院的518名患者进行面对面问卷调查.采用描述性分析方法、Friedman M秩和检验、Pear...     

非创伤性乳糜胸三例并文献复习

目的:报告3例不同原因引起的非创伤性乳糜胸病例并进行文献复习,以期提高对非创伤性乳糜胸临床特点和诊治方法的认识。方法:对南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院收治的3例非创伤性乳糜胸,包括胸部淋巴管畸形相关2例、非结核性感染相关1例进行回顾,同时以"淋巴管瘤"加"乳糜胸""淋巴管畸形"加"乳糜胸""感染"加"乳糜胸"为关键词在CN...     

Heterotopic lung transplant: a feasible approach to compensate for organ shortages

Lung transplants are still limited by the shortage of suitable donor lungs, especially during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. A heterotopic lung transplant (HLTx), as a flexible surgical procedure, can maximize the potential of donor lungs in an emergency, but its widespread use is hindered by difficulties in anastomosis and paucity of outcome data. We performed a retrospective review of 4 patients, each of whom received an HLTxs over 1 year, including 1 left-to-right single HLTx, 2 right-to-left single HLTxs and 1 lobar HLTx (right upper lobe-to-left). The median recipient age was 58.5 years (46–68); 3 patients were male. The postoperative hospital stay was 33 days (30–42). One recipient lived for 10 years and died of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome; the others were alive with no major morbidity at 12 to 31 months after the operation with a 1-year survival of 100%. The follow-up chest images showed that transplanted lungs could be inflated well and adapted morphologically to fill the thoracic cavity in the short and long term. This study demonstrates that an HLTx is a feasible alternative to a conventional lung transplant in emergency cases and could be considered in selected patients at advanced medical centres.     

环孢素A对大鼠骨折愈合的影响

目的探讨环孢素A(CsA)对大鼠骨折愈合的影响。方法 25只右侧股骨干横行骨折大鼠随机分成2组,实验组15只,对照组10只。实验组骨折当天皮下注射CsA 1.5mg/kg,对照组皮下注射生理盐水1ml,共注射8周,检测股骨干骨密度和生物力学性能检测。结果实验组和对照组右侧股骨干的骨折愈合后,其力学性能参数最大扭力、最大转角和能量吸收仍显著小于各自左侧正常股骨干。实验组右侧股骨干骨折愈合后的最大扭力、最大转角、抗扭刚度和能量吸收与对照组比较均无显著差异,骨折端骨密度也无显著差异。结论 1.5mg/kg剂量的CsA对股骨干骨折愈合无显著影响。     

Metal artifacts reduction using monochromatic images from spectral CT: Evaluation of pedicle screws in patients with scoliosis

Purpose

To evaluate the effectiveness of spectral CT in reducing metal artifacts caused by pedicle screws in patients with scoliosis.

Materials and methods

Institutional review committee approval and written informed consents from patients were obtained. 18 scoliotic patients with a total of 228 pedicle screws who underwent spectral CT imaging were included in this study. Monochromatic image sets with and without the additional metal artifacts reduction software (MARS) correction were generated with photon energy at 65 keV and from 70 to 140 keV with 10 keV interval using the 80 kVp and 140 kVp projection sets. Polychromatic images corresponded to the conventional 140 kVp imaging were also generated from the same scan data as a control group. Both objective evaluation (screw width and quantitative artifacts index measurements) and subjective evaluation (depiction of pedicle screws, surrounding structures and their relationship) were performed.

Results

Image quality of monochromatic images in the range from 110 to 140 keV (0.97 ± 0.28) was rated superior to the conventional polychromatic images (2.53 ± 0.54) and also better than monochromatic images with lower energy. Images of energy above 100 keV also give accurate measurement of the width of screws and relatively low artifacts index. The form of screws was slightly distorted in MARS reconstruction.

Conclusions

Compared to conventional polychromatic images, monochromatic images acquired from dual-energy CT provided superior image quality with much reduced metal artifacts of pedicle screws in patients with scoliosis. Optimal energy range was found between 110 and 140 keV.     

假体周围骨折与骨质疏松

骨质疏松与假体周围骨折的发生密切相关。骨质疏松状态下假体周围骨折的预防需从改善局部骨量和预防跌倒入手。检测关节假体周围的骨密度可用于评估假体周围骨折的风险。在对骨质疏松状态下假体周围骨折进行手术治疗时,可使用骨移植替代材料来增加骨折部位固定的强度,也可使用改进型的内固定材料或翻修假体来提高手术的成功率。     

Laparoscopic hepatectomy is superior to open procedures for hepatic hemangioma

Background: Laparoscopic hepatectomy(LH) has become increasingly popular for liver neoplasms, but its safety and effectiveness remain controversial. Hepatic hemangiomas are the most common benign liver neoplasm; the main approaches to hepatic hemangiomas include open hepatectomy(OH) and LH. In this study, we compared early outcomes between patients undergoing OH and those with LH. Methods: Patients underwent OH or LH in our hospital for hepatic hemangiomas between December 2013 and December 2017 were enrolled. All patients underwent comprehensive preoperative evaluations. The clinicopathological index and risk factors of hemangioma resection were assessed. Results: In total, 41 patients underwent OH while 53 underwent LH. There was no significant difference in any preoperative clinical variables, including liver function, prothrombin time, or platelet count. Hepatic portal occlusion time and operative time were 39.74 vs. 38.35 minutes( P = 0.717) and 197.20 vs. 203.68 minutes( P = 0.652) in the OH and LH groups, respectively. No mortality nor significant perioperative complications were observed between the two groups. In LH group, two cases were converted to OH, one for an oversized tumor and the other for hemorrhage. Compared with OH patients, those with LH had less blood loss(361.69 vs. 437.81 m L, P = 0.024), shorter postoperative hospital stay(7.98 vs. 11.07 days, P = 0.001), and lower postoperative C-reactive protein(43.63 vs. 58.21 mg/L, P = 0.026). Conclusions: LH is superior to OH in terms of postoperative recovery and blood loss for selected patients with hepatic hemangioma.