新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征及支气管肺发育不良防治进展

新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)和支气管肺发育不良(BPD)常见于早产儿。近年来,随着围生期医疗技术水平的提高,NRDS早产儿的存活率也得以提升,但随着机械通气及高浓度氧疗的应用,BPD的发病率也逐渐升高。NRDS与BPD有着相同的基因因素,SP-B缺失与NRDS及BPD的发生发展均相关。两者在发病机制上也有所联系,规范防治NRDS可在一定程度上有效预防BPD。文章对NRDS与BPD防治的最新进展作一综述。     

乳腺结节状病变的MRI诊断

  目的  探讨乳腺良、恶性结节病变的MRI诊断价值。  方法  回顾性分析来芜湖市第一人民医院就诊的乳腺疾病患者71例，均经过病理证实结节状病灶，术前均进行MRI多参数成像，选取动态增强（DCE-MRI）和DWI数据进行分析，经处理得到:时间-信号曲线（TIC），达峰时间（Tpeak），峰值强化率（PER），峰值（SImax）及表观扩散系数（ADC），结合形态学特征:边缘毛糙、环形强化、边缘毛刺征及分叶征进行分析。  结果  恶性病灶43例，良性病灶 28例。TIC时间-信号曲线Ⅰ型22个，以良性为主17例，恶性5例；Ⅱ型35例，恶性为主24例，良性11例；Ⅲ型14个，均为恶性；良、恶性病灶TIC曲线类型有差异，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）；良、恶性病变的峰时（Tpeak），峰值强化率（PER），峰值（SImax）及ADC有显著差异，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。边缘毛糙33例，均为恶性；环形强化24例，良性5例，恶性19例；毛刺征29例，均为恶性；有分叶征42例，良性7例，恶性35例。良恶性病灶形态学，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。  结论  磁共振动态增强扫描血流动力学参数、ADC结合形态学特征对乳腺结节状良、恶性疾病的诊断具有重要价值。     

Baicalin from the extract of Scutellaria baicalensis affects the innate immunity and apoptosis in leukocytes of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia

Scutellariae Radix (root of Scutellaria baicalensis) has a long history of application in traditional and in modern herbal medications. The major components of Scutellariae Radix are baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside and wogonin. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that Scutellaria has immunomodulatory effects and possesses compelling anticancer potential.Treatment of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) with Scutellaria extract (SBE) enriched in baicalin, reduced viability of PBLs obtained from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). SBE had no impact on the survival of healthy, control leukocytes. The immune system modulation by SBE resulted in increased production of IFNγ in PBLs, and reduced TNFα and IL-10 production in bone marrow cells (BMC), in ALL patients. SBE stimulated the nonspecific antiviral immunity, assessed by resistance of PBLs and BMC to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection. SBE showed pro-apoptotic activity in NALM-6 cell line (B-type human leukemia). The number of cells expressing annexin V increased from 6% in control cultures to 29% and 52% after treatment with 100 μg/ml and 200 μg/ml respectively. Increased percentage of apoptotic cells was observed when cells were treated with corresponding concentration of baicalin. SBE enhanced apoptosis of PBLs in BMC of leukemic children. The percentage of PBLs that underwent apoptosis and mean annexin V expression increased from 11% in the control to 17% and 24% for the doses of 100 μg/ml and 200 μg/ml respectively. Importantly, SBE did not induce apoptosis of PBLs in the healthy, control group.     

基于蒙医白脉理论探析帕金森病＊

帕金森病是以多巴胺能神经元减少导致的以静止性震颤、肌强直、运动迟缓和姿势步态障碍为主要临床症状的疾病。此病是蒙医白脉病的一种，又称彻彻热乎病。蒙医将人体的脉络分为白脉和黑脉。白脉病是白脉系统遭受致病因素的影响后所致的一系列疾病的总称，临床上很多疾病归属于“白脉病”。为更好的实现对蒙医优势单病种的规范化研究，本文基于白脉理论，探析蒙医对帕金森病的认识，以期为未来的研究提供理论支持。     

浅谈3D打印技术在复杂创伤骨科教学中的应用

目的对于复杂创伤骨科教学工作中应用3D打印技术的应用价值进行探讨。方法选取2018年1月-2019年1月本科学生60名作为此次研究对象,根据随机数字表法对所选60名学生加以分组,其中30名学生接受传统教学方案,将其作为对照组,剩余30名学生接受3D打印技术教学,将其作为研究组,对比两组学生接受不同教学方案之后的教学成绩。结果除专业兴趣程度外,两组学生接受不同教学方案之后的自我认知能力以及出科考试成绩对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针对复杂创伤骨科教学工作中应用3D打印技术效果理想,能够帮助教学工作顺利完成,显著提高学生动作操作能力,使学生良好的掌握复杂创伤骨科知识。     

Dietary N-3 PUFA deficiency affects sleep-wake activity in basal condition and in response to an inflammatory challenge in mice

Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from the n-3 and n-6 series constitute the building blocks of brain cell membranes where they regulate most aspects of cell physiology. They are either biosynthesized from their dietary precursors or can be directly sourced from the diet. An overall increase in the dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, as observed in the Western diet, leads to reduced n-3 PUFAs in tissues that include the brain. Some clinical studies have shown a positive correlation between dietary n-3 PUFA intake and sleep quantity, yet evidence is still sparse. We here used a preclinical model of dietary n-3 PUFA deficiency to assess the precise relationship between dietary PUFA intake and sleep/wake activity. Using electroencephalography (EEG)/electromyography (EMG) recordings on n-3 PUFA deficient or sufficient mice, we showed that dietary PUFA deficiency affects the architecture of sleep-wake activity and the oscillatory activity of cortical neurons during sleep. In a second part of the study, and since PUFAs are a potent modulator of inflammation, we assessed the effect of dietary n-3 PUFA deficiency on the sleep response to an inflammatory stimulus known to modulate sleep/wake activity. We injected mice with the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and quantified the sleep response across the following 12 h. Our results revealed that n-3 PUFA deficiency affects the sleep response in basal condition and after a peripheral immune challenge. More studies are now required aimed at deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the intimate relationship between n-3 PUFAs and sleep/wake activity.