Combination of sodium butyrate and probiotics ameliorates severe burn-induced intestinal injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory response

Burns are a common traumatic injuries with considerable morbidity and mortality rates. Post-burn intestinal injuries are closely related to oxidative stress and inflammatory response. The aim of the current study was to investigate the combined effect of sodium butyrate (NaB) and probiotics (PROB) on severe burn-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response and the underlying mechanism of action. Sprague-Dawley rats with severe burns were treated with NaB with or without PROB. Pathomorphology of skin and small intestine tissue was observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and severe burn-induced apoptosis in small intestine tissue was examined via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay. The release of factors related to inflammation was quantified using ELISA kits and qRT-PCR and levels of oxidative stress markers were evaluated using biochemical assays. Furthermore, mitochondrial morphological changes in small intestinal epithelial cells were observed using transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the underlying mechanism associated with the combined effect of NaB and PROB on severe burn-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response was investigated using western blotting. The combination of NaB and PROB exerted protective effects against severe burn-induced intestinal barrier injury by reducing the levels of diamine oxidase and intestinal fatty acid binding protein. Combined NaB and PROB treatment inhibited severe burn-induced oxidative stress by increasing superoxide dismutase levels and decreasing those of malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase levels. Severe burn-induced inflammation was suppressed by combined NaB and PROB administration, as demonstrated by the decreased mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and high mobility group box-1 in the small intestine. In addition, this study showed that combined NaB and PROB administration increased nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein expression and decreased the phosphorylation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2). In conclusion, our findings indicate that combined NaB and PROB treatment may inhibit severe burn-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the small intestine by regulating HMGB1/NF-κB and ERK1/2/Nrf2 signaling, thereby providing a new therapeutic strategy for intestinal injury induced by severe burn.     

Correction to: Spindle‑related brain activation in patients with insomnia disorder: An EEG‑fMRI study

Brain Imaging and Behavior -     

联合肝切除术结合肝动脉重建治疗10例肝门部胆管癌临床分析

目的分析联合肝切除术结合肝动脉重建治疗肝门部胆管癌10例患者的应用效果。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2017年2月10例均接受联合肝切除术结合肝动脉重建治疗的肝门部胆管癌患者资料,分析手术情况、围术期并发症及随访结果。结果10例患者中实施左半肝联合尾状叶切除4例(Ⅲb型),右半肝联合尾状叶切除3例(Ⅲa型),尾状叶切除2例(Ⅱ型),切除肝门部胆管及部分左内叶、右前叶及尾状叶1例(Ⅳ型);接受肝右动脉切除重建6例,肝固有动脉切除重建4例;R0切除率为80.0%,围术期均无死亡病例,术后胆瘘、消化道出血、肝动脉血栓继发胆道感染各1例(10.0%),均经保守治疗后症状好转;术后随访9~24个月,3例患者分别因肿瘤复发、肝动脉血栓、肝脓肿而死亡,术后24个月的生存率为70.0%(7/10)。结论给予肝门部胆管癌患者联合肝切除术结合肝动脉重建治疗可提高R0切除率,改善肝功能,且患者围术期并发症少、术后生存率高。     

胰腺多形性未分化肉瘤：病例报告与文献回顾

背景与目的:多形性未分化肉瘤(UPS),既往称为恶性纤维组织细胞瘤(MFH)是一种间叶源性恶性肿瘤,占所有软组织肉瘤的20%以上,多发生于四肢、躯干及腹膜后。发生于胰腺的UPS极为罕见。国内、外虽有报道,但多以个案形式报道,缺少大宗病例资料分析。本研究就笔者团队诊治的1例胰腺UPS患者,结合文献,探讨其临床特点、诊疗及预后。方法:回顾分析内蒙古医科大学附属医院肝胆外科诊治的1例胰腺UPS患者的临床资料,同时检索国内外数据库中的相关文献资料,将同类病例资料汇总分析。结果:共32例(笔者单位1例加文献报告病例31例)纳入研究,其中男20例,女12例;中位年龄54.6(22~74)岁。按病理类型分为:巨细胞型9例,黏液型5例,多形性型18例;按发生部位分为:胰头13例,胰体尾12例,胰体3例,胰尾2例,全胰腺2例。术前诊断为胰腺癌8例,胰腺肿物及占位6例,假性囊肿4例,囊腺瘤4例,胰腺肿瘤3例,间质肿瘤1例,纤维肉瘤1例,炎性病变1例,未提及术前诊断4例。临床表现大多表现为快速软组织肿块进行性增大,常伴有压迫症状,可伴有恶心呕吐,上腹部不适、腹胀,体质量减轻或黄疸。所有患者的术前诊断中无正确诊断。32例均行手术治疗,围术期死亡1例,总生存期15.3个月。结论:胰腺UPS为高度恶性肿瘤,无明显特异性临床表现,极易发生转移及复发,预后差。早期、完整切除肿瘤以获得R0切除是手术治疗的核心,但是由于胰腺UPS的特殊组织生物学行为,在部分病例中即使施行广泛切除或根治性切除,仍不能避免肿瘤局部复发或远处转移。术后给予放化疗有可能能够改善患者的生存。     

新型EX-PRESS青光眼引流器联合雷珠单抗治疗新生血管性青光眼

目的:观察新型EX-PRESS青光眼引流器植入术联合雷珠单抗治疗新生血管性青光眼(NVG)的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选择2015-06/2018-06在我院确诊为NVG且行玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗的患者78例78眼,将其中随访资料完整者60例60眼根据治疗方式不同分为试验组30例30眼,行EX-PRESS青光眼引流器植入术。对照组30例30眼行常规小梁切除术。观察术后1wk,1、3、6mo及1a BCVA、眼压,术后早期并发症,于术后6mo,1a评估手术成功率。结果:术后1wk,1、3mo,试验组BCVA<0.1者25眼、25眼和23眼,平均眼压为16.76±3.21、15.63±2.70及16.69±3.29mmHg,对照组为26眼、26眼和25眼,平均眼压为17.31±2.96、14.44±2.53及16.56±4.14mmHg(均P>0.05);术后6mo,1a试验组BCVA<0.1者为16眼和16眼,平均眼压为15.49±3.19、18.52±4.03mmHg,对照组为25眼和25眼,平均眼压分别为21.96±2.90、28.90±4.33mmHg(均P<0.05);试验组术后低眼压、浅前房、前房出血、炎症反应、脉络膜脱离的发生例数分别为0眼、1眼、2眼、1眼、0眼,而对照组分别为6眼、6眼、5眼、4眼、2眼;试验组术后6mo,1a手术成功率为83%及80%,而对照组分别为60%及53%(P<0.05)。结论:EX-PRESS青光眼引流器植入术联合玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗治疗NVG能够有效地降低患者的眼压,且具有手术切口小、操作简单、安全、术后并发症少、手术成功率高等优点。     

环糊精及其衍生物在药物分离分析中的应用进展

近年来,环糊精及其衍生物在药物尤其是手性药物分离分析中的应用受到了广泛关注。本文通过查阅有关文献,对CD及其衍生物在高效液相色谱、气相色谱、毛细管电泳色谱、薄层色谱、超,临界流体色谱、高速逆流色谱以及膜分离等方法中的应用作了系统介绍,具有十分重要的参考价值。     

彩色多普勒超声检查在早期糖尿病肾病诊断中的应用价值

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声检查诊断早期糖尿病肾病（ DN）的临床价值。方法选取Ⅰ、Ⅱ期DN患者69例（ A组）与Ⅲ期DN患者75例（ B组）,行彩色多普勒超声肾动脉血流显像检查,统计分析两组肾主动脉（MRA）、叶间动脉（IRA）、肾段动脉（SRA）的血流收缩期峰值速度（Vsmax）、阻力指数（RI）以及舒张期最低速度（Vdmin）等血流参数的差异。结果 A组MRA、IRA、SRA的Vsmax分别为（73．±14．5）cm/s、（34．6±6．1）cm/s、（55．5±7．3）cm/s,B组分别为（71．±14．9）cm/s、（30．8±6．7）cm/s、（53．1±8．1）cm/s,两组IRA的Vsmax差异有统计学意义（t＝3．562,P＜0．01）;A组MRA、IRA、SRA的Vdmin分别为（23．3±5.5）cm/s、（12．5±4．2）cm/s、（18．1±3．9）cm/s,与B组的（20．5±6．3）cm/s、（9．1±3．5）cm/s、（14．7±4．4） cm/s差异均有统计学意义（t＝2．846、5．252、4．915,均P＜0．01）;A组MRA、IRA、SRA的RI分别为（0．6±0.1）、（0．6±0．1）、（0．6±0．1）,与B组的（0．7±0．1）、（0．7±0．1）、（0．7±0．1）差异均有统计学意义（t＝8.717、8．717、8．717,均P＜0．01）;A组肾脏体积平均为（121．8±27．9）cm3,与B组的（105．8±28．9）cm3差异有统计学意义（t＝3．379,P＜0．01）。结论彩色多普勒超声能清晰地显示患者肾脏大小,检测出肾动脉血流参数,对早期DN的诊断具有一定价值。     

遥控骨水泥推注装置在经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术中的应用

目的探讨遥控骨水泥推注装置在经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术（PKP）中的作用与临床效果。方法回顾分析自2010—07—2012—03收治的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折75例．在PKP中应用遥控骨水泥推注装置可匀速推注骨水泥,防止骨水泥渗漏,同时明显减少手术医生在X线下的暴露时间。结果75例术后经6～12个月随防（平均10个月）,所有患者术后腰背痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）均较术前明显改善（P〈O．01）。未使用遥控骨水泥推注装置时手术医生在X线下暴露30～50次,接受约1000mSvX线射线,使用遥控骨水泥推注装置后术者在X线下暴露lO～15次,接受约300mSvX线射线,明显缩短术者在X线下的暴露时间。手术过程未发生骨水泥渗漏、脊髓损伤。结论PKP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折具有创伤小、恢复快的优点,配合使用遥控骨水泥推注装置可使骨水泥匀速缓慢推注,有效防止骨水泥渗漏．明显减少手术医生在X线下的暴露时间．有较高的临床应用价值。     

The recovery of bladder epithelial hyperplasia caused by a melamine diet-induced bladder calculus in mice

Applying a model of bladder epithelial hyperplasia (BEH) caused by melamine-induced bladder calculus (BC), the recovery of BEH after melamine withdrawal was investigated. One experiment, comprising untreated, melamine and recovery groups, was conducted in Balb/c mice. Each group included 4 subgroups. Mice were fed normal-diet in untreated or a melamine-diet in other groups. The melamine-diet was then substituted with normal-diet in recovery group. Both of BC and BEH were observed after 14 and 56 days of melamine-diet. The BC is relatively uniform at the same melamine-diet durations. The BEH was diffuse with many mitotic figures, 4–7 rows of nuclei, and well-defined umbrella/intermediate cells. No marked differences in BEH degree were observed in the two different melamine-diet durations. On 4–42 days after melamine withdrawal, BC was not found, as the progressive regression with complete regression of BEH was observed, along with well-defined ageing/apoptotic cells in the superficial regions of BEH regression tissue. Conclusion, the melamine-induced BEH is relatively uniform, may be self-limiting in rows of nuclei, and can return to normal. Melamine withdrawal duration is critical for the BEH regression. Tissue of the BEH and its regression is ideal for exploring the renewal as well as growth biology of mammalian urothelium.