GSK-3b Promotes Cell Migration and Inhibits Autophagy by Mediating the AMPK Pathway in Breast Cancer

GSK-3 is a versatile protein kinase participating in many reactions. Currently, there is insufficient understanding of its influence on breast cancer (BC). In order to explore its influence on migration and invasion in BC, we investigated its expression in BC cell lines using qRT-PCR and Western blot (WB). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to examine the potential of GSK-3 to predict clinical outcome in BC patients. GSK-3 knockdown was achieved using an shRNA plasmid vector in T47D cells. Our research explored the biological reactions and downstream pathways involved. We found excessive GSK-3 expression in BC tissues, which was correlated with worse clinicopathological parameters and clinical outcome. Progression of BC was suppressed by GSK-3 knockdown. Furthermore, suppression of GSK-3 function led to a noticeable decrease in ATP generation, and this was associated with stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in T47D cells. Activation of AMPK, a typical sign of autophagy stimulation, was triggered after suppression of GSK-3 function, in parallel with increased generation of LC3 II. Our findings therefore indicate that GSK-3 participates in regulation of migration as well as stimulation of autophagy via mediating activation of the AMPK pathway. This suggests that GSK-3 has potential as a predictor of clinical outcome and as a target for BC therapy.     

人类腹主动脉瘤三维模型的有限元应力分析

目的 应用有限元的方法分析人类腹主动脉瘤(AAA)瘤壁应力分布，分析可能发生的破裂部位和生长方向，预测AAA的破裂风险。方法螺旋CT扫描AAA获得断层图像，用图形合成软件构建AAA几何模型，设定瘤壁组织生物力学参数和边界条件，使用有限元分析的方法分析个体化AAA瘤壁的应力分布。结果本例AAA应力峰值位于远端分叉部位，瘤体应力峰值位于后壁，均小于瘤壁的承受极限。结论AAA应力模型有助于分析个体化AAA的破裂部位和生长方向，但该模型仍需要进一步完善。     

In vivo assessment of the hepatic microcirculation after mesenterico‐portal bypass (REX‐shunt) using orthogonal polarization spectral imaging

Background: Extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis, not associated with cirrhosis or tumours, is the second most frequent cause of portal hypertension worldwide. Especially in children, anatomic mesenterico‐portal interposition (REX‐shunt) has become an established treatment. The changes in hepatic microcirculation after reperfusion of the shunt have not been investigated so far. Aims: This study investigates the hepatic microcirculation before and after REX‐shunt interposition using orthogonal polarization spectral imaging (OPS). Patients and methods: Since 2004, three consecutive patients with extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis underwent REX‐shunt interposition. We measured the hepatic microcirculation by OPS before and directly after REX‐shunt reperfusion and analysed the capillary vessel diameter, red blood cell velocity, functional capillary density and volumetric blood flow. Furthermore, we compared our values with the physiological values of the hepatic microcirculation defined previously by other investigators. Results: All shunts showed an excellent function in the follow‐up investigations. The intra‐individual microcirculatory analysis revealed a reduction in the red blood cell velocity after shunt reperfusion in particular. Conclusions: Our results provide preliminary evidence for the reversal of the hepatic arterial buffer response following the restoration of the portal venous blood flow. This may be a short‐term effect because of the restored portal venous blood flow.     

髂股动脉粥样硬化闭塞症家兔模型的制作

目的　探讨动脉粥样硬化闭塞症 (atherosclerosisobliterans ,ASO)动物模型的制作方法。方法　实验组、对照组各 1 0只新西兰家兔 ,利用机械损伤、免疫损伤和高脂高胆固醇饲养 2 0周 ,观察模型制作前后血脂 (TC)、胆固醇 (TG)、内皮素 (ET)、一氧化氮 (NO)水平及股动脉造影和病理学变化。结果　制作前TC、TG、ET和NO分别为 ( 0 .89± 0 .0 9)mmol/L、( 0 .99± 0 .1 5)mmol/L、( 99.1 3± 1 6.51 )ng/L、( 6.2 6± 0 .80 ) μmol/L ,制作后分别为 ( 8.95± 1 .68)mmol/L、( 8.38± 1 .0 8)mmol/L、( 1 835.81± 2 0 3.62 )ng/L、( 2 .33± 0 .55) μmol/L。前后比较差异有非常显著性 ( P <0 .0 1 ) ;制作后实验组动脉造影显示髂股动脉高度狭窄 ,病理切片显示典型的ASO变化 ,对照组无异常变化。结论　本方法可成功诱导ASO模型     

Oesophageal atresia

Although the overall survival rate for infants with oesophageal atresia now exceeds 90%, the condition continues to be responsible for significant morbidity, mainly as a consequence of associated congenital anomalies of which cardiac malformations (29%) are most prominent. A recently revised risk classification comprising very low birth weight (<1500 g) and/or major cardiac defects more accurately predicts survival in the modern era. Early complications following repair include anastomotic leaks, strictures and recurrent fistula, while late complications comprise tracheomalacia causing acute life-threatening attacks, gastrooesophageal reflux, and respiratory and oesophageal motility disorders.     

下肢深静脉血栓脱落致肺栓塞45例临床报道

目的总结下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)患者血栓脱落导致肺栓塞(PE)的临床表现及诱发因素。方法回顾性分析2009年5月至2012年5月期间我院收治并经多层CT肺血管造影明确诊断为PE的45例患者的临床资料。结果 45例PE患者中,有5例患者无明显PE临床表现,较常见的首发症状为胸闷、憋气9例(20.0%),咳嗽8例(17.8%)。造成血栓脱落的主要诱因中:术后早期下床活动11例(24.4%),术后功能锻炼9例(20.0%),床上翻身、排便7例(15.6%),打喷嚏等一过性腹压增加2例(4.4%),另有14例(31.1%)无确切诱因。结论下肢DVT患者尽管在足量抗凝条件下,早期下床活动、肢体功能锻炼、一过性腹压增高等诱因容易导致血栓脱落诱发PE。无下腔静脉滤器保护的条件下,则应尽可能要求患者绝对卧床,从而避免因上述诱因诱发血栓脱落导致PE发生。     

微粒化纯化的黄酮成分治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全133例的疗效评价

目的：前瞻性评估微粒化纯化的黄酮成分(爱脉朗)治疗慢性静脉功能不全(chronic venous insufficiency，CVI)的疗效。方法：按预先制定的标准，随机选择133例CVI患者。其中，研究前曾用其他药物治疗者34例(27．6％)，有合并症者38例(28．8％)。对入选患者进行CVI分级、临床症状和体征的治疗前评估，然后予以口服微粒化纯化的黄酮成分500mg／次，2次／d治疗。在治疗后15、30和60d进行测定和记录，最后进行统计学分析。结果：治疗前后患者的肢体肿胀、沉重、痉挛和疼痛程度等症状和体征有明显的改善并具有统计学意义。结论：微粒化纯化的黄酮成分能有效地改善CVI的临床症状和体征。