原发性青光眼血浆血管紧张素—Ⅱ测定的初步报告

为探讨原发性青光眼的发病机理,进行了血浆血管紧张素—Ⅱ的测定。结果表明:原发性青光眼病人41倒,其血浆血管紧张素—Ⅱ的含量平均值为72.8±27.4Pg/ml,对照组26例,平均值为47.6±25.5Pg/ml,两者有显著差异。并对青光眼病人血管紧张素—Ⅱ含量增高的原因进行了分析。     

The development of fixing and focusing behaviour in normal human infants as observed with the Otago photoscreener

The Otago photoscreener is an optical instrument which gives a very sensitive indication of the accuracy with which a subject's eyes are fixing and focusing. Early experience suggested that this instrument could be used effectively to screen for the presence of amblyogenic factors in pre-verbal infants. This communication describes the development of ocular fixation and focusing in 137 normal infants who were followed at regular intervals during the first year of life. Accurate fixation and focusing was found in 13% of three-month-old infants, in 68% of six-month-old infants and in 76% of one year olds. The levels of 'focusing' visual acuity obtained from the photoscreen data are considerably better than the levels of cortical acuity measured by the standard behavioural and electrophysiological methods. This suggests that human infants fix and focus accurately for a considerable period before they are able to perceive all the details obtained in their retinal images.     

Atypical mycobacterium keratitis

We present two cases of Mycobacterium chelonae keratitis, both of which followed minor corneal trauma. One case initially showed improvement with medical therapy alone but eventually required penetrating keratoplasty. The second case required surgical intervention to provide tectonic support, but the infection resolved with antibiotic therapy.     

Merkel cell carcinoma: Long term survival in a patient with proven brain metastasis and presumed choroid metastasis

Merkel cell carcinoma (Trabecular carcinoma) is a rare malignant tumor of the skin. Because these tumors tend to spread locally via the lymphatic system, very few papers have dealt with the treatment of distant metastasis. Systemic disease is uncommon and usually fatal.

In this paper, we report a case of Merkel cell carcinoma with proven brain metastasis and a solid choroidal tumor. The patient responded well to radiation and chemotherapy and is alive and neurologically intact three years after diagnosis. All previous patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma to the brain died within two months of the diagnosis. We use this case to discuss possible routes of metastatic dissemination and to review the treatment options in patients with distant metastatic disease. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of presumed choroidal metastasis of Merkel cell carcinoma and the longest documented survival in a patient with brain involvement.     

A foveal-sparing pattern of cytomegalovirus retinitis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Purpose: We describe the clinical course of 12 eyes of 10 patients in whom recurrent cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis exhibited a foveal-sparing pattern.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the case records and photographic charts of 10 patients (12 eyes) with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), in whom recurrent CMV retinitis exhibited a foveal-sparing pattern within 1500 mm of the foveola.
Results: The site of primary retinitis was temporal in 10 eyes of nine patients in whom it was known. The median number of recurrences up to the observation of foveal-sparing retinitis was two (range one to eight), and five patients had active CMV retinitis despite treatment for at least two continuous months. Once established, the median rate of progression in a non-foveal vector was 2.3 times faster than toward the fovea, and the median time to reduction in acuity to < 6/30 (or death) was 11 to 14 weeks. Three eyes of three patients retained 6/30 or better acuity up to death. Foveal CMV retinitis ultimately reduced acuity to < 6/30 in five eyes. Six eyes suffered retinal detachment, involving the fovea in five, and being the primary reason for acuity of < 6/30 in four. Four patients suffered dose-limiting toxicity.
Conclusion: Foveal-sparing CMV retinitis arises in patients with recurrent CMV retinitis resistant to treatment ('clinically resistant'), particularly that which has arisen temporally. Despite its foveolar proximity, and ultimate significant loss of function, the pattern of progression allows for preservation of useful foveal vision for longer periods than would have been expected.     

EXPERIMENTAL BILATERAL CAROTID ARTERY OCCLUSION: A STUDY OF THE OPTIC NERVE IN THE RAT

The presence of marked changes in the neural retina and retinal vessels of Long-Evans pigmented rat following bilateral carotid ligation has been previously documented by serial ophthalmologic examinations. Light and electron microscopic studies of the optic nerve in this experimental animal model revealed advanced optic nerve atrophy in ten of twelve rats examined. There was no significant pathology in either the retina or optic nerve in the remaining two rats after carotid ligation or in the sham-operated controls.     

An abbreviated assessment of ocular exposure to ultraviolet radiation

Individual behaviour has a very large effect on determining the exposure of the eye to solar radiation. To be able to examine the relationship between ocular exposure to ambient ultraviolet radiation and ocular disease, a model was developed previously that assessed cumulative ocular exposure from individual information on work and leisure activities. In this paper, we present a simplified version of the model that uses data on exposure during the middle of the day (9 a.m. to 3 p.m. solar time) during the northern 'summer' months (April to September). The ocular exposure determined by the simplified model is highly correlated with the full model ( r =0.98) and the simplified model predicts 62% of the total ocular exposure. This model should be useful for future epidemiologic studies of sun exposure and eye disease.     

NLRP3 Promotes Glioma Cell Proliferation and Invasion via the Interleukin-1b/NF-kB p65 Signals

Because of the characteristics of high invasiveness, relapse, and poor prognosis, the management of malignant gliomas has always been a great challenge. Nod-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is a crucial component of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a multiprotein complex that can trigger caspase 1/interleukin-1 (IL-1)-mediated inflammatory response once activated and participates in the pathogeny of diverse inflammatory diseases as well as cancers. We examined the function of NLRP3 in the development of glioma. Glioma cells were treated with NLRP3 interference or overexpression vectors, recombinant IL-1 , IL-1 antibody, and NF- B inhibitor. Cell proliferation and invasion were assessed by CCK-8 and Transwell assays. Gene expression was detected by PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. NLRP3 and NF- B p65 increased and were positively correlated in glioma tissues. NLRP3 knockdown suppressed glioma cell growth and invasion with the decrease of IL-1 and NF- B p65. Conversely, forced expression of NLRP3 promoted cell growth. NLRP3 silencing suppressed ectogenous IL-1 -elevated cell proliferation and invasion, whereas IL-1 elimination impaired the proproliferation effect of NLRP3 hyperexpression. Furthermore, NF- B blockage abrogated IL-1 and NLRP3 hyperexpression increased cell growth and invasion. NLRP3 promoted the growth and invasion of gliomas via the IL-1 /NF- B p65 signals.     

脑梗死患者高压氧治疗的副作用观察

目的 观察高压氧治疗脑梗死患者并发气压伤、减压病、氧中毒的情况。 方法 健康对照组和脑梗死患者组各60例,入选者接受高压氧治疗30次,分析入选者临床特点,并 观察入选者在治疗时以下副作用的发生率：①中耳、鼻窦、肺气压伤;②减压病;③氧中毒。 结果 2例脑梗死组患者于高压氧治疗时发生气压伤,对照组无气压伤发生,但两组间无显著差异。 两组皆无减压病及氧中毒发生。 结论 高压氧治疗脑梗死患者是安全的,常见的副作用是气压伤。