Role of ATL-derived factor (ADF) in the normal and abnormal cellular activation: Involvement of dithiol related reduction

HTLV-I transformed T cells not only express a large number of interleukin-2 receptors (IL-2R/p55(Tac)), but also produce an IL-2R/Tac inducer named ATL-derived factor (ADF). We have cloned the ADF cDNA and found that ADF production in human lymphocytes can be enhanced by cellular activators such as mitogens or phorbol esters. Recombinant ADF produced by E. coli was shown to have growth-promoting activity in combination with interleukin-2 or suboptimal mitogenic stimuli on several lymphoid cells including human PBMCs, besides the originally reported IL-2R/Tac inducing activity. Homology analysis revealed an unexpected structural relationship between ADF and dithiol-reducing enzyme, thioredoxin, which had been characterized originally in prokaryotic system. Recombinant ADF also has a reducing activity, suggesting the presence of still unknown features of ADF action in vivo. The requirement of dithiol reduction in the biological activities of ADF, together with the possible involvement of ADF production in the normal and abnormal activation of human cells are discussed.     

产前应用地塞米松促胎肺成熟对先兆早产孕妇血糖的影响研究

背景　早产是一种严重而常见的妊娠并发症,早产儿因身体各系统器官发育不成熟而存活率低,会造成沉重的家庭社会负担。产前使用糖皮质激素是国际公认的促胎肺成熟、使新生儿获益的标准措施,但地塞米松的治疗对母体血糖有一定的不良影响,且母体血糖随地塞米松血药浓度峰值变化的机制尚不清楚。目的　探究产前应用地塞米松促胎肺成熟对先兆早产孕妇血糖的影响。方法　选取2018年10月-2020年2月佛山市妇幼保健院收治的因先兆早产需住院行地塞米松促胎肺成熟治疗且符合纳入标准的63例孕妇为研究对象,根据孕24~28周的口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）结果分为妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）组和非GDM组。两组孕妇入院后均接受统一的促胎肺成熟方案：地塞米松肌肉注射,6 mg/次,1次/12 h,共4次。使用美敦力MINIMED动态血糖监测系统监测两组孕妇每次注射地塞米松前1 h和注射后3 h的血糖。比较两组孕妇第1、2、3、4次地塞米松注射前1 h和注射后3 h血糖,4次地塞米松注射后血药浓度峰值前后1 h血糖,并绘制相应的血糖随时间变化趋势图。结果　最终完成研究55例,其中GDM组16例,非GDM组39例。GDM组和非GDM组孕妇第1、2、3、4次地塞米松注射前1 h和注射后3 h血糖比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。GDM组孕妇第2、3、4次地塞米松注射前1 h血糖均高于第1次（P<0.05）;GDM组孕妇第1、2、3、4次地塞米松注射后3 h血糖比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。非GDM组孕妇第2、3次地塞米松注射前1 h血糖均高于第1次（P<0.05）;非GDM组孕妇第2、3、4次地塞米松注射后3 h血糖均高于第1次（P<0.05）。GDM组与非GDM组孕妇第1、2、3、4次地塞米松注射后血药浓度峰值前后1 h血糖比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。接受地塞米松注射后3 h内,非GDM孕妇血糖均在参考范围内波动,无明显规律趋势;GDM组孕妇血糖波动范围较大,且4次地塞米松注射120 min后血糖逐渐升高。结论　单胎孕妇注射地塞米松2 h内,其血糖可能不受地塞米松血药浓度峰值影响;地塞米松升高血糖的作用时间是在注射后3 h,4次地塞米松注射对血糖的升高无累积效应。接受地塞米松注射后3 h内,非GDM孕妇血糖均在参考范围内波动,无明显规律趋势;GDM组孕妇血糖波动范围较大,且4次地塞米松注射120 min后血糖逐渐升高。     

Association of physical activity and sedentary behavior with depression and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy in a multiethnic cohort of Asian women

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate associations of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with depression and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy among Chinese, Malay, and Indian women.

Methods

Women answered PA and SB (sitting time and television time) interview questions and self-completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaires, at week 26–28 gestation. Sufficient levels of PA (≥600MET-minutes/week) and higher sitting time (≥7 h/day) were determined. Associations of PA and SB with probable antenatal depression (EPDS-score ≥15), higher state anxiety (score ≥42), and higher trait anxiety (score ≥43) were determined by logistic regression analysis.

Results

Among the 1144 pregnant women included in the study, 7.3, 22.5, and 23.6 % had probable antenatal depression, higher state anxiety, and higher trait anxiety symptoms, respectively. In the adjusted models, women with sufficient level of PA were less likely to have probable antenatal depression (OR 0.54, 95 % CI 0.31–0.94, p?=?0.030) and higher trait anxiety symptoms (OR 0.68, 95 % CI 0.48–0.94, p?=?0.022). PA was not associated with state anxiety symptoms. SB was not associated with any of the investigated outcomes.

Conclusions

Sufficient PA was associated with a reduced likelihood of probable antenatal depression and trait anxiety symptoms. Further investigation of these findings is warranted to determine cause-effect relationships and identify potential preventive strategies.

     

Gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes (GDM) involves huge issues of population screening, treatment, obstetric intervention and health service resources. Uncertainty and controversy surround the subject because the scientific base is insecure.GDM with persistently raised fasting glucose, in women not previously known to be diabetic, does occur and incurs fetal risk; the prevalence varies with the population.Whether there is a substantial, independent fetal risk of lesser degrees of glucose intolerance is uncertain.Baby size does relate to post-meal glucose, but the extent to which size can be altered with treatment, and how desirable this is, are not clear.Women with GDM are at increased risk of developing overt diabetes, but effective, preventive programmes are lacking.Intrauterine events, probably fetal hyperinsulinaemia, may programme susceptibility to obesity and insulin resistance in the offspring. This may have contributed to the current global epidemic of diabetes.Fetal hyperinsulinaemia does provide a real end-point to audit pregnancy management. It seems likely that post-meal glucose excursions are a main stimulus to fetal hyperinsulinism and that optimal management should target this.Individual clinical need and population screening are quite separate programmes. Population screening needs to be subject to the same public health assessment as other screening tests.     

豆蔻酰佛波醇乙酯与γ-干扰素协同诱导肿瘤细胞B7-1表达的临床研究

目的探讨豆蔻酰佛波醇乙酯（ＰＭＡ）和γ干扰素（γＩＦＮ）在卵巢癌及其他肿瘤治疗中的意义。方法用ＰＭＡ＋γＩＦＮ处理的卵巢癌细胞及其他肿瘤细胞用流式细胞仪检测免疫球蛋白超家族糖蛋白的共刺激分子Ｂ７－１、主要组织相容抗原（ＭＨＣⅠ、ＭＨＣⅡ）的表达情况。并采用５１铬（５１Ｃｒ）４小时释放试验及［３Ｈ］胸腺嘧啶渗入法了解Ｂ７－１的表达对细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）杀伤活性和对Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖的诱导情况。结果预先用ＰＭＡ处理,后用γＩＦＮ处理的肿瘤细胞,能诱导Ｂ７－１表达阳性的伯基特淋巴瘤细胞株或转染Ｂ７－１基因的卵巢粘液性囊腺癌细胞的Ｂ７－１表达增强,能诱导无Ｂ７－１、ＭＨＣⅠ、ＭＨＣⅡ表达的卵巢癌细胞株及其他肿瘤细胞株表达Ｂ７－１及ＭＨＣⅠ、ＭＨＣⅡ,而单独用γＩＦＮ则不能诱导Ｂ７－１表达。ＰＭＡ和γＩＦＮ的这种协同效应能被蛋白激酶抑制剂１（５磺酰基）异喹啉２甲基哌嗪盐酸盐（Ｈ７）阻断。被诱导表达的Ｂ７－１能激活ＣＴＬ的杀伤活性,并能增强Ｔ淋巴细胞的增殖能力。结论γＩＦＮ诱导的Ｂ７－１的表达可能依赖于ＰＭＡ预先激活蛋白激酶Ｃ。诱导Ｂ７－１等的表达对治疗肿瘤有一定的价值。     

沙眼衣原体感染输卵管性不孕患者输卵管液中肿瘤坏死因子α和白细胞介素6的测定

目的　探讨沙眼衣原体 (CT)感染所致输卵管性不孕患者输卵管液中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF α)和白细胞介素 6 (IL 6 )的水平及其意义。方法　用酶联免疫吸附试验法测定 2 2例CT感染输卵管性不孕 (A组 )、2 3例非CT感染输卵管性不孕 (B组 )及 19例已生育输卵管正常妇女 (对照组 )输卵管液中TNF α和IL 6的水平。结果　A组TNF α的水平为 178ng/L ,高于对照组的 12 4ng/L(P<0 .0 1) ;A组中输卵管阻塞者TNF α为 199ng/L ,高于粘连者的 142ng/L(P <0 .0 1)。A组IL 6的水平为 6 81ng/L ,高于B组的 2 6 4ng/L及对照组的 2 2 9ng/L(P均 <0 .0 1) ,B组与对照组之间比较差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　无症状输卵管CT感染可使输卵管液中TNF α和IL 6升高 ,其中TNF α与输卵管损伤程度有关。TNF α越高 ,损伤越重     

粘附分子CD44v6表达和p53基因突变与卵巢癌转移关系的研究

目的　探索卵巢癌粘附分子CD44的变构体CD44v6表达和p5 3基因突变与卵巢癌转移之间的关系和作用机理。方法　选择正常卵巢 2 0例、良性卵巢肿瘤 2 0例、卵巢癌 45例 (其中 2 0例肿瘤无转移 ,2 5例肿瘤有转移 ) ,应用流式细胞仪测定卵巢癌细胞DNA含量及其在细胞周期各相中的分布 ;应用逆转录 聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)及特异探针D3 对卵巢癌细胞进行DNA印渍杂交分析 ,并对杂交条带进行辉度扫描 ;应用银染聚合酶链反应 单链构象多态性 (PCR SSCP)技术检测卵巢癌细胞p5 3基因突变 ,并与正常卵巢和良性卵巢肿瘤进行比较。结果　正常卵巢、良性卵巢肿瘤、卵巢癌无转移和有转移者CD44v6表达阳性率分别为 0 %、10 %、75 %、88% ;而p5 3基因突变率分别为 0 %、5 %、40 %、6 0 % ,两者都呈逐渐上升趋势。CD44v6辉度扫描 ,卵巢癌无转移者 (382 0± 2 89)与有转移者(10 132± 15 2 1)比较 ,差异有极显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。卵巢癌CD44v6表达阳性和阴性患者中 ,G2 M期细胞平均值分别为 5 .90 %和 5 .0 6 % (P >0 .0 5 ) ;异倍体细胞分别为 5 7%和 5 0 % (P >0 .0 5 )。而在p5 3基因有突变和无突变患者中 ,G2 M期细胞分别为 11.15 %和 5 .85 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ;异倍体细胞分别为 74%和 36 % (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　CD44v6表达与     

孕妇静脉血及其新生儿脐血硒水平及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性与妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症的关系

目的　探讨孕妇静脉血及其新生儿脐血硒水平及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)活性与妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症 (ICP)的关系。方法　采用催化极谱法及 5 ,5 ' 二硫代双 (二硝基苯甲酸 )直接法检测健康未孕妇女 30例 (健康未孕组 )血硒水平及GSH Px活性 ;检测ICP孕妇 (ICP组 )和正常妊娠妇女 (正常妊娠组 )各 30例孕晚期及产后母血、脐血硒水平及母血、脐血GSH Px活性。结果　 (1)ICP组产前、后母血硒水平分别为 (0 .0 389± 0 .0 0 90 )mg/L和 (0 .0 46 3± 0 .0 0 92 )mg/L ,GSH Px活性分别为 (5 9.31± 11.42 )活力单位 (U)和 (6 8.12± 11.46 )U ,正常妊娠组产前、后母血硒水平分别为 (0 .0 477± 0 .0 0 94)mg/L和 (0 .0 5 10± 0 .0 0 93)mg/L ,GSH Px活性分别为 (6 8.48± 10 .47)U和 (72 .6 7±9.83)U ,两组比较 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 0 5 )。 (2 )ICP组脐血硒水平为 (0 .0 387± 0 .0 0 93)mg/L ,GSH Px活性为 (5 7.6 6± 12 .2 5 )U ,正常妊娠组脐血硒水平为 (0 .0 46 1± 0 .0 0 89)mg/L ,GSH Px活性为(6 7.46± 11.93)U ,两组比较 ,差异均有极显著性 (P <0 .0 0 5 )。 (3)血硒水平与GSH Px活性呈正相关(P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　ICP患者血硒水平降低 ,导致GSH Px活性下降 ,自由基形成 ,破坏了肝细胞膜