全文获取类型
收费全文 | 598篇 |
免费 | 13篇 |
国内免费 | 47篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1篇 |
儿科学 | 37篇 |
妇产科学 | 11篇 |
基础医学 | 50篇 |
口腔科学 | 28篇 |
临床医学 | 60篇 |
内科学 | 197篇 |
皮肤病学 | 23篇 |
神经病学 | 44篇 |
特种医学 | 14篇 |
外科学 | 80篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 67篇 |
眼科学 | 2篇 |
药学 | 21篇 |
肿瘤学 | 22篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 17篇 |
2022年 | 36篇 |
2021年 | 42篇 |
2020年 | 29篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 4篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 19篇 |
2015年 | 13篇 |
2014年 | 13篇 |
2013年 | 9篇 |
2012年 | 11篇 |
2011年 | 7篇 |
2010年 | 20篇 |
2009年 | 71篇 |
2008年 | 24篇 |
2007年 | 27篇 |
2006年 | 21篇 |
2005年 | 27篇 |
2004年 | 25篇 |
2003年 | 7篇 |
2002年 | 12篇 |
2001年 | 23篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 18篇 |
1998年 | 25篇 |
1997年 | 24篇 |
1996年 | 17篇 |
1995年 | 21篇 |
1994年 | 18篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有658条查询结果,搜索用时 10 毫秒
71.
Solange M. Vieira Ronaldo de Almeida Igor B.B. Holanda Marília H. Mussy Roberta C.F. Galvão Pedro T.B. Crispim José G. Dórea Wanderley R. Bastos 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2013,216(6):682-689
High fish consumption and extended breastfeeding are hallmarks of traditional lifestyle in Western Amazonia. We studied sources of mercury exposure, fish-methylmercury (meHg) and dental-amalgam filling, in 75 urban and 82 rural lactating mothers. Total mercury was determined in all samples while meHg concentrations were determined in subsamples of milk (45) and hair (27) of urban mothers living in Porto Velho (PV) and in hair (46) and milk (37) of mothers living in traditional communities (TC) of the Rio Madeira. The TC mothers showed significantly higher median hair-Hg concentrations (8.2 μg g−1) than PV mothers (1.3 μg g−1). Median total Hg in milk of PV mothers (0.36 ng g−1) was significantly lower (p = 0.0000) than that found in milk of TC mothers (2.30 ng g−1). The median meHg concentrations in milk of TC mothers were also significantly higher (1.0 ng g−1) than in milk of PV mothers (0.07 ng g−1). For urban mothers with low fish consumption rates (and relatively higher dental amalgam fillings) the proportion of inorganic Hg in milk was higher (85%) than in TC (62%). In TC mothers 51% of breast milk Hg concentrations were above 2 ng g−1 (world median concentrations), contrasting with 8% in PV mothers. Despite this, there was no significant correlation between total Hg concentrations in milk and either amalgam filling or daily fish consumption. Socioeconomic changes occurring in Western Amazonia are causing changes in fish-eating habits of urban mothers. However, traditional lifestyle and attendant high fish consumption in riverine populations can still impact total Hg and methylmercury concentrations in mothers’ milk and hair. 相似文献
72.
Marques RC Garrofe Dórea J Rodrigues Bastos W de Freitas Rebelo M de Freitas Fonseca M Malm O 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2007,210(1):51-60
Fish is an important item in the diet of Amazonians, and per se is their best single source of essential nutrients. Rapid urbanization and migration are bringing changes in dietary habits of Amazonians. Exposure to fish-Hg during pregnancy and lactation were studied in 100 women and newborns from Porto Velho. Tissue-Hg concentrations and neurodevelopment (Gesell Developmental Schedules) were assessed at birth and at 6 months in exclusively breastfed infants. Maternal mean frequency of fish consumption was low (<2 meals/week; range 0->7 meals/week) compared to Amazonian standards. Women consuming <2 fish meals/week showed less median hair-Hg (3.5 microgg-1) than women that consumed 2 fish meals/week (5.7 microgg). Median total Hg in maternal hair (5.4 microgg-1) was higher than in newborns (1.6 microgg-1). Significant correlation was observed between maternal hair-Hg and infant hair-Hg at birth (r=0.353; p<0.01) and at six months (r=0.510; p<0.01). Placenta-Hg was also significantly correlated to maternal hair-Hg (r=0.321; p<0.01), newborn hair-Hg (r=0.219; p<0.05), maternal blood-Hg (r=0.250; p<0.01) and to umbilical cord-Hg (r=0.857; p<0.01). Most infants (74%) had normal Gesell Schedules but among the 26% showing neuro-motor development delays only six (7%) had multiple (motor, language, and adaptative) delays. The infants with multiple delays were born from mothers with range of hair-Hg comparable to mothers of normally developed infants. Coincidentally, mothers of infants with multiple delays also showed the lowest range of income and level of education. Fish consumption, income, and level of education varied greatly among these breastfeeding urban mothers. It seems that development delays of exclusively breastfed infants are a component of the health inequalities that accompanies socioeconomic disadvantages. 相似文献
73.
74.
75.
Béatrice Charreau Laurent Tesson Anne David Armelle Cassard Beatrice Quantin rea Pavirani Jean-Paul Soulillou Ignacio Anegon 《Xenotransplantation》1997,4(4):212-221
Abstract: The expression of human regulators of complement activation in endothelium of a transplanted organ is an approach to overcoming the complement (C)-mediated rejection of a xenograft. We designed a replication-deficient adenovirus (Ad) containing the human CD59 cDNA (AdCD59) in order to induce expression of human CD59 on xenogeneic endothelial cells (EC) and confer protection against human C-mediated lysis. In vitro transduction of rat EC with AdCD59 led to consistent levels of CD59 expression in all cells and significantly reduced EC lysis induced by human xenogeneic natural antibodies (XNA) binding and C activation. In addition, we analyzed whether Ad transduction had modified the phenotype of EC and the xenogeneic recognition of EC by human serum. For this, we first demonstrated that transduction of rat EC with AdCD59 or an Ad carrying the lacZ gene (AdlacZ) markedly enhanced the expression of some cell-membrane markers of EC activation, including class I MHC antigens and rat CD59, to levels comparable to those obtained with TNFα Up-regulation of class I MHC antigens was observed for both mRNA and protein expression. In contrast, AdCD59-mediated gene transfer slightly increase intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and did not modify the expression of Crry, a rat complement regulatory molecule. Second, we showed that these phenotypic modifications of EC did not affect the expression of the Galαl-3Gal epitope and the binding of human XNA. In addition, neither AdlacZ-mediated transduction, nor TNFα treatment, modified the sensitivity of xenogeneic EC to human serum-mediated lysis. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that transduction of human CD59 with an adenoviral vector conferred resistance to xenogeneic cultured EC against human C-mediated lysis but is associated with cellular activation of transduced EC. This finding may have important implications for the in vivo protocols and strategies intended to generate safer Ad vectors. 相似文献
76.
77.
Joseph Alcalay MD Ronen Alkalay MD rea Gat MD Shmuel Yorav MD 《Dermatologic surgery》2003,29(8):859-862
BACKGROUND: Artecoll is permanent filler that is used for the correction of facial wrinkles. It has been used mainly in Europe in the last 9 years. It is a suspension of 25% polymethylmethacrylate microspheres of 30 to 40 microns in diameter and 75% athecollagen. OBJECTIVE: To report a side effect of a late-onset granulomatous reaction to Artecoll. METHODS: We report the case of a 54-year-old woman who presented with longitudinal hard nodules with slight overlying erythema in the glabella and nasolabial folds 14 months after she was treated with Artecoll injections to her glabellar and nasolabial wrinkles. An excisional biopsy of a glabellar nodule was performed. RESULTS: Microscopic examination of hematoxylin and eosin-stained specimen revealed histiocytic granulomas with giant cells and vacuoles, a picture of Artecoll granulomas. Treatment with topical steroids showed no improvement. Intralesional injections of Kenalog caused temporary disappearance of the granulomas. A few months later the nodules reappeared. No further treatment was done. CONCLUSION: Artecoll injection to wrinkles of the face can cause delayed granulomatous reaction. This side effect is not reversible and should be addressed in the informed consent. 相似文献
78.
Portal vein thrombosis after intraportal hepatocytes transplantation in a liver transplant recipient
Umberto Baccarani Gian Luigi Adani rea Sanna Claudio Avellini Mauricio Sainz-Barriga Dario Lorenzin Domenico Montanaro Daniele Gasparini rea Risaliti Annibale Donini Fabrizio Bresadola 《Transplant international》2005,18(6):750-754
Hepatocytes transplantation is viewed as a possible alternative or as a bridge therapy to liver transplantation for patients affected by acute or chronic liver disorders. Very few data regarding complications of hepatocytes transplantation is available from the literature. Herein we report for the first time a case of portal vein thrombosis after intraportal hepatocytes transplantation in a liver transplant recipient. A patient affected by acute graft dysfunction, not eligible for retransplantation, underwent intraportal infusion of 2 billion viable cryopreserved ABO identical human allogenic hepatocytes over a period of 5 h. Hepatocytes were transplanted at a concentration of 14 million/ml for a total infused volume of 280 ml. Doppler portal vein ultrasound and intraportal pressure were monitored during cell infusion. The procedure was complicated, 8 h after termination, by the development of portal vein thrombosis with liver failure and death of the patient. Autopsy showed occlusive thrombosis of the intrahepatic portal vein branches; cells or large aggregates of epithelial elements (polyclonal CEA positive), suggestive for transplanted hepatocytes, were co-localized inside the thrombus. 相似文献
79.
Gianino MM Vallino A Minniti D Abbona F Mineccia C Silvaplana P Zotti CM 《Journal of health organization and management》2007,21(1):39-53
PURPOSE: Many approaches on the economic aspect of hospital acquired infections (HAIs) have two major limitations: first, the lack of distinction between resources attributable to the management of HAI and resources absorbed by the main clinical problem for which the patient was hospitalized, and second, the lack of an adequate method for calculating the relative costs. These assume that the resources used by HAI can be determined by measuring the extra days of length of days (LOS) of infected patients versus non-infected patients and attribute to extra-LOS a value to the mean total cost. The aim of the article is to test a cost-modelling method that could overcome these limitations by applying the appropriateness evaluation protocol to the medical charts of patients with hospital-acquired symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) or sepsis, and by using cost-centre accounting. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The paper explains and tests a model for calculating costs of HAIs. FINDINGS: The data analysis showed that it is not always true that infections protract LOS: five out of 25 sepsis cases have extra-LOS and eight out of 25 UTI cases have extra-LOS, while the cases of sepsis that arose in surgery ward and intensive care units and urinary tract infections in ICU are without prolongation of LOS. The data analysis also showed that, using the mean total cost, the three cases of sepsis in the general surgery and the six in the ICU did not incur costs, nor did the two cases of UTI in ICU, so that they appear to be infections at zero cost. Moreover, the weight of the cost for the bed, or for the diagnostic services, or for the pharmacological treatment, varied widely depending on the site of the HAI and the ward where the patient was hospitalized. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The method can be applied in any hospital. 相似文献
80.
Opioid control of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis cyclically fails in menstrual migraine 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fabio Facchinetti Emilia Martignoni Loridine Fioroni Grazia Sances rea R Genazzani 《Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache》1990,10(1):51-56
To assess the biological correlates of the precipitation of migraine attacks in the perimenstrual period, plasma beta-endorphin (beta-EP) and cortisol responses to naloxone (8 mg iv) and corticotropin releasing hormone (100 micrograms iv) were evaluated in both the follicular phase and the premenstrual period in 7 patients suffering from menstrual migraine and in 7 healthy, asymptomatic control volunteers. In the controls, naloxone evoked a significant release of both beta-EP (F = 5.86, p less than 0.002) and cortisol (F = 4.43, p less than 0.008), independently of the menstrual cycle phase (F = 0.31 and 1.04, for beta-EP and cortisol, respectively). Menstrual migraine patients, on the other hand, showed a significant hormone response only in the follicular phase, not in the premenstrual period. Corticotropin releasing hormone significantly increased beta-EP and cortisol in both the controls and the menstrual migraine patients, independently of the menstrual cycle phase. In both the naloxone and corticotropin releasing hormone testings, the basal beta-EP levels measured in the premenstrual period were lower than those observed in the follicular phase (p less than 0.02). These data demonstrate a cyclical, premenstrual dysfunction of the hypothalamic control exerted by opioids on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Impairment of this fundamental adaptive mechanism (involved in stress responses and in pain control) could establish a causal relationship between menstrual-related migraine attacks and premenstrual opioid hyposensitivity. 相似文献