肝炎病毒感染与肝门部胆管癌发病关系的探讨

目的　探讨乙型肝炎 (乙肝 )和丙型肝炎 (丙肝 )病毒感染在肝门部胆管癌发病中的作用。　方法　采用免疫组织化学方法对 6 8例石蜡包埋肝门部胆管癌患者手术标本中乙肝病毒X蛋白和丙肝病毒C蛋白水平进行检测 ,并结合临床资料进行分析。　结果　 6 8例肝门部胆管癌中乙肝病毒X蛋白阳性率为 8 8% (6 / 6 8) ,丙肝病毒C蛋白阳性率为 35 3% (2 4 / 6 8) ,两者均阳性 1例(1 5 % ) ;乙肝、丙肝病毒感染的肝门部胆管癌在分化程度 (χ2 =8 7,P <0 0 1)、浸润程度 (χ2 =6 7 8,P<0 0 1)、淋巴结转移 (χ2 =4 3,P <0 0 5 )、根治程度 (χ2 =5 1,P <0 0 5 )与非病毒感染的肝门部胆管癌比较差异有显著意义。　结论　乙肝病毒X蛋白、丙肝病毒C蛋白可能在乙肝、丙肝病毒感染肝门部胆管癌的发病原因中起重要作用。乙肝、丙肝病毒感染的肝门部胆管癌恶性程度高 ,可能预后较差     

Laparoscopic Versus Open Surgery Following Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Rectal Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background

This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the short-term and pathological outcomes of laparoscopic surgery (LS) versus open surgery (OS) following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) for rectal cancer.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Chinese Biomedicine Literature databases were searched for eligible studies published up to July 2013. The rates of postoperative complication, positive circumferential resection margin (CRM), and the number of lymph nodes harvested were evaluated.

Results

Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and five non-RCTs enrolling 953 patients were included. Compared to OS, LS had similar rate of postoperative complication [odds ratio (OR) 0.86; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.60 to 1.22], comparable rate of positive CRM (OR 0.41; 95 % CI, 0.16 to 1.02), and smaller number of lymph nodes (weighted mean difference ?0.8; 95 % CI, ?1.1 to ?0.5). LS also had significantly less blood loss, faster bowel movement recovery, and shorter postoperative hospitalization than those of OS.

Conclusion

LS is associated with favorable short-term benefits, similar postoperative complication rate, and comparable pathological outcomes for rectal cancer after NCRT compared to OS despite a slight difference in the number of lymph nodes. Additional high-quality studies are needed to validate long-term outcomes of LS following NCRT.     

扩张型心肌病行急诊ECMO加经皮心房分流器桥接心脏移植患者的护理

总结1例扩张型心肌病患者行急诊体外膜肺氧合加经皮心房分流器桥接心脏移植的护理经验。经过精心的治疗与护理,患者顺利康复出院。护理要点包括：ECMO护理监测技术与观察,ECMO联合连续性肾脏替代治疗的护理,经皮心房分流器植入的并发症护理及心脏移植术后预见性护理。     

四子散热熨对压力性尿失禁患者盆底功能康复的影响

目的 探讨四子散热熨对轻中度压力性尿失禁患者盆底功能的康复作用。方法 将女性轻中度压力性尿失禁患者随机分为对照组(n=39)和观察组(n=38)。对照组采用常规康复护理,观察组在对照组基础上采用四子散热熨,每次20 min, 3次/周,连续干预4周。干预前后评估患者盆底肌肉功能、盆底组织形态和尿失禁总体情况,干预1个月后随访时评估患者尿失禁总体情况和尿失禁疗效。结果 干预后观察组盆底表面肌电值前静息阶段、快速收缩阶段和后静息阶段康复效果和肛提肌裂孔面积显著优于对照组;干预后与随访时,观察组尿失禁总体评分显著优于对照组,干预后观察组尿失禁疗效显著优于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 四子散热熨能促进轻中度压力性尿失禁患者盆底功能康复,改善尿失禁。     

双切口接骨板内固定治疗距骨颈粉碎性骨折的临床效果

背景：距骨颈骨折是距骨骨折中最常见的类型,采用切开复位螺钉内固定是经典的手术方式,但总体疗效仍不尽人意,尤其是采用单切口时,内翻畸形愈合率较高,且对于粉碎性骨折,螺钉固定效果也不佳。双切口是目前临床推崇的手术入路,结合接骨板固定,可获得良好的疗效。目的：探讨双切口接骨板内固定治疗距骨颈粉碎性骨折的手术技巧及疗效。方法：2010年5月至2011年5月,我院共收治13例闭合距骨颈粉碎性骨折患者。根据Hawkins分型：II型8例,III型5例。所有患者入院后行常规X线检查及CT扫描以明确骨折类型和粉碎程度,待肿胀消退后择期行双切口接骨板内固定术。术后定期复查X线片,并采用直观模拟量表（VAS）、美国骨科足踝外科协会（AOFAS）踝与后足评分系统及简明健康状况调查表（SF-36）综合评估最终治疗效果,同时记录相关并发症情况。结果：本组11例获得随访,随访时间12-24个月,平均18．7个月。患者术后均无切口感染,边缘和皮瓣坏死及内固定失败等并发症发生。X线结果显示,术后骨折端愈合的时间为8～12周,平均10．4周。末次随访时VAS评分0～5分,平均1．09±1．64分。AOFAS踝与后足评分为72-95分,平均84．55±7．29分。SF．36评分为70-96分,平均85．00±7．84分。未见畸形愈合发生。结论：采用双切口接骨板内固定治疗距骨颈骨折技术要求简单,在获得稳定固定的同时,还可维持距骨颈力线,避免畸形愈合,是治疗距骨颈粉碎性骨折有效的治疗方法。     

腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏危险因素的Meta分析

目的 系统分析影响腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏发生的危险因素.方法 对2003年8月至2013年8月国内外公开发表的有关腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏发生危险因素的文献进行Meta分析.数据采用优势比（OR）和95％可信区间（95％ CI）表示,采用x2检验和I2对异质性进行分析,采用固定或随机效应模型合并数据.结果 共纳入文献8篇,包括3 289例直肠癌患者,吻合口漏的发生率为6.050％（199/3 289）.男性腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术患者术后吻合口漏发生风险高于女性（OR =2.17,95％ CI：1.54 ～ 3.06,P＜0.05）;新辅助化疗亦可能增加术后吻合口漏发生风险（OR=1.53,95％ CI：1.00～2.32,P＜0.05）;围手术期输血可能增加术后吻合口漏发生风险（OR=4.80,95％ CI：2.98 ～7.73,P＜0.05）;低位直肠癌较高位直肠癌术后吻合口漏发生风险高（OR=1.60,95％CI：1.14～2.23,P＜0.05）;切割闭合器钉匣数目≥3个增加术后吻合口漏发生风险（OR =0.46,95％CI：0.27 ～0.78,P＜0.05）.而ASA分级、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移、预防性肠造口与术后吻合口瘘发生风险无关（OR=0.66,0.91,1.25,0.78,95％CI：0.36～1.20,0.55～1.51,0.75 ～2.09,0.50 ～1.23,P＞0.05）.结论 男性、新辅助化疗、围手术期输血、低位直肠癌、切割闭合器钉匣数目≥3个是腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏发生的主要危险因素.     

米氮平治疗躯体形式障碍临床研究

目的探讨米氮平治疗躯体形式障碍的临床疗效。方法对36例躯体形式障碍患者给予米氮平治疗,剂量30mg· d-1·qn。疗程4w。于治疗前及治疗4w末采用抑郁自评量表评定临床疗效;治疗前后对躯体症状进行分级评定分析。结果治疗前后抑郁自评量表评分比较差异有显著性(P<0．05),临床总显效率85．6％;躯体症状较治疗前有显著性改善(P<0． 05)。结论米氮平治疗躯体形式障碍疗效确切,不失为一种治疗躯体形式障碍较为理想的药物。     

深圳汉族人群HLA-Cw，-DQB1基因座等位基因的多态性

背景：HLA复合体是极其复杂的遗传系统，对其多态性的研究在法医学个体识别和亲权鉴定、群体遗传学、移植免疫、疾病相关等医学领域有重要的应用价值。 目的：了解HLA-Cw，-DQB1基因座的等位基因在深圳汉族人群中的分布规律。 设计、时间及地点：样本基因型的统计学分析，于2007-01/2008-06深圳市血液中心免疫遗传研究室完成。 材料：样本来自中国造血干细胞捐献者资料库深圳地区志愿捐献者，使用EDTA-K2抗凝管采集外周血。 方法：采用聚合酶链式反应-序列测定方法对深圳地区226名无关供者HLA-Cw，-DQB1基因座的2，3外显子进行序列测定与分析。等位基因频率采用直接计数法计算，Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验采用x2检验。 主要观察指标：样本HLA-Cw，-DQB1基因座的基因型。 结果：226个样本中共检测到25个Cw等位基因。其中Cw*0102，Cw*0702的频率最高（0.1881），其他频率较高的等位基因依次为Cw*0304，Cw*0302，Cw*0401及Cw*0801，Cw*0303，Cw*0602。该位点基因型观察值与期望值经χ2检验符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律（x2=116.00，u=1.78, ν=91，P > 0.05）。226个样本中共检测到17个DQB1等位基因。其中DQB1*0301占绝对优势，其基因频率为0.2124。其他频率较高的等位基因依次为DQB1*0303，DQB1*0601，DQB1*0502，DQB1*0602，DQB1*0302，DQB1*0401。该位点基因型观察值与期望值经χ2检验符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律（x2=101.34，u=0.78,ν=91，P > 0.05）。经计算HLA-Cw位点的杂合度为0.887 8，个体识别力为0.976 9，非父排除率为0.773 1，多态性信息含量为0.875 7；HLA-DQB1位点的杂合度为0.889 4，个体识别力为0.976 2，非父排除率为0.753 3，多态性信息含量为0.965 9。 结论：深圳汉族人群HLA-Cw及DQB1基因座是高度杂合、具有较高鉴别力和丰富信息含量的遗传标记，能较好地反映群体遗传特征。     

How bilingualism protects the brain from aging: Insights from bimodal bilinguals

Bilingual experience can delay cognitive decline during aging. A general hypothesis is that the executive control system of bilinguals faces an increased load due to controlling two languages, and this increased load results in a more “tuned brain” that eventually creates a neural reserve. Here we explored whether such a neuroprotective effect is independent of language modality, i.e., not limited to bilinguals who speak two languages but also occurs for bilinguals who use a spoken and a signed language. We addressed this issue by comparing bimodal bilinguals to monolinguals in order to detect age‐induced structural brain changes and to determine whether we can detect the same beneficial effects on brain structure, in terms of preservation of gray matter volume (GMV), for bimodal bilinguals as has been reported for unimodal bilinguals. Our GMV analyses revealed a significant interaction effect of age × group in the bilateral anterior temporal lobes, left hippocampus/amygdala, and left insula where bimodal bilinguals showed slight GMV increases while monolinguals showed significant age‐induced GMV decreases. We further found through cortical surface‐based measurements that this effect was present for surface area and not for cortical thickness. Moreover, to further explore the hypothesis that overall bilingualism provides neuroprotection, we carried out a direct comparison of GMV, extracted from the brain regions reported above, between bimodal bilinguals, unimodal bilinguals, and monolinguals. Bilinguals, regardless of language modality, exhibited higher GMV compared to monolinguals. This finding highlights the general beneficial effects provided by experience handling two language systems, whether signed or spoken. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4109–4124, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Inhibiting p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase attenuates cerebral ischemic injury in Swedish mutant amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice

Cerebral ischemia was induced using photothrombosis 1 hour after intraperitoneal injection of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor SB239063 into Swedish mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP/SWE) transgenic and non-transgenic mice. The number of surviving neurons in the penumbra was quantified using Nissl staining, and the activity of p38 MAPKs was measured by western blotting. The number of surviving neurons in the penumbra was significantly reduced in APP/SWE transgenic mice compared with non-transgenic controls 7 days after cerebral ischemia, but the activity of p38 MAPKs was significantly elevated compared with the non-ischemic hemisphere in the APP/SWE transgenic mice. SB239063 prevented these changes. The APP/SWE mutation exacerbated ischemic brain injury, and this could be alleviated by inhibiting p38 MAPK activity.