生长抑素样免疫反应物在山羊脊髓和背根节的分布─ABC法研究

用免疫细胞化学ＡＢＣ法研究了生长抑素样免疫反应物在山羊脊髓和背根节的分布。在整个脊髓背角，出现浓密的生长抑素样纤维和终末网，在板层Ⅱ和Ⅲ形成不规则的波形带。在带的深面，大量的生长抑素阳性小细胞（直径小于１５μｍ）形成细胞带，这些细胞呈卵圆形或梭形，大多是双极细胞。在背角最表层仅有稀疏的生长抑素阳性纤维。这种分布型式显著不同于以前报道的其它动物。在胸髓中间外侧核有为数不多的生长抑素阳性细胞，在脊髓的其它部位如中间带区和腹角有少量散在纤维和终末。还发现纤细的生长抑素阳性纤维和终末网出现于骶髓中央管的背外侧区域。此外，在所有背根节只见到极少数生长抑素阳性神经元；切断背根时，相应节段的脊髓背角的生长抑素样免疫反应物无明显变化。本研究结果表明，山羊脊髓背角的生长抑素主要来源于脊髓背角的固有神经元，而不是背根节细胞。出现于脊髓板层Ⅱ和Ⅲ的生长抑素阳性神经元可能属于岛细胞。本研究还提示，生长抑素可能在脊髓的感觉和内脏运动系统中起作用，还表明生长抑素免疫反应物的分布存在着种属差异。     

Identification of MEN1 gene mutations in sporadic carcinoid tumors of the lung

Lung carcinoids occur sporadically and rarely in association with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). There are no well defined genetic abnormalities known to occur in these tumors. We studied 11 sporadic lung carcinoids for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the locus of the MEN1 gene on chromosome 11q13, and for mutations of the MEN1 gene using dideoxy fingerprinting. Additionally, a lung carcinoid from a MEN1 patient was studied. In four of 11 (36%) sporadic tumors, both copies of the MEN1 gene were inactivated. All four tumors showed the presence of a MEN1 gene mutation and loss of the other allele. Observed mutations included a 1 bp insertion, a 1 bp deletion, a 13 bp deletion and a single nucleotide substitution affecting a donor splice site. Each mutation predicts truncation or potentially complete loss of menin. The remaining seven tumors showed neither the presence of a MEN1 gene mutation nor 11q13 LOH. The tumor from the MEN1 patient showed LOH at chromosome 11q13 and a complex germline MEN1 gene mutation. The data implicate the MEN1 gene in the pathogenesis of sporadic lung carcinoids, representing the first defined genetic alteration in these tumors.      

多元文化需求就医服务体系构建及应用

目的调查外籍患者多元文化服务需求,构建就医服务体系,探究应用效果。方法采用“外籍患者多元文化服务需求问卷”,对某院2020年1月-6月372例外籍就诊患者进行调查,识别其多元文化服务需求,建立就医服务体系。结果外籍患者对语言交流的需求度最高（98.39%）,对医院环境的需求度最低（65.59%）。应用基于多元文化需求的就医服务体系后,外籍患者在语言交流、专业知识、隐私保护、饮食习惯、就诊流程、社交礼仪、医务人员服务态度和医院环境等方面的满意度均得以提高（P＜0.05）。结论多元文化服务需求调查在外籍患者就医服务体系构建中具有重要作用,有助于提高外籍患者就医满意度。     

基于Midkine/Notch2/Hey1信号通路探讨二陈汤加味对慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠的抗炎作用

目的 探讨二陈汤加味对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）大鼠肺组织中肝素结合因子（Midkine）/跨膜受体蛋白（Notch2）/Hey1信号通路中的影响及其抗炎的分子机制。方法 60只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、二陈汤加味低、中、高剂量组（5、10、20 g·kg^-1·d^-1）和γ-分泌酶抑制剂组（Notch1通路抑制剂,DAPT）,每组10只。以烟熏联合脂多糖（LPS）法制备COPD大鼠模型。二陈汤加味各干预组灌胃（ig）给药;DAPT组ig DAPT（0.02 g·kg^-1）;正常组及模型组ig等体积生理盐水。采用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中Midkine、中性粒细胞趋化因子-1（CINC-1）、大鼠巨噬细胞来源趋化因子（MDC）、大鼠CXC趋化因子5（CXCL5）、中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶（NE）和核转录因子-κB（NF-κB）p65的含量;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（Real-time PCR）检测肺组织中Midkine、Notch2和Hey1 mRNA表达;免疫组化（IHC）检测大鼠肺组织中Midkine、Notch2和Hey1蛋白表达。结果 与正常组比较,模型组BALF中Midkine、CINC-1、MDC、CXCL5、NE和NF-κB p65含量均显著升高（P<0.01）;肺组织Midkine、Notch2和Hey1 mRNA和蛋白表达均显著增加（P<0.01）。与模型组比较,二陈汤加味中、高剂量组和DAPT组BALF中Midkine、CINC-1、MDC、CXCL5和NF-κB p65含量均显著减少（P<0.01）;Midkine、Notch2和Hey1 mRNA表达显著下降（P<0.01）。结论 二陈汤加味对COPD有抗炎作用。其机制可能是通过下调Midkine、Notch2和Hey1 mRNA表达,抑制Midkine、CINC-1、MDC、CXCL5释放有关。     

Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict Mortality and Allocate Palliative Care for Older Patients With Hip Fracture

ObjectivesTo evaluate a machine learning model designed to predict mortality for Medicare beneficiaries aged >65 years treated for hip fracture in Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities (IRFs).DesignRetrospective design/cohort analysis of Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility–Patient Assessment Instrument data.Setting and ParticipantsA total of 17,140 persons admitted to Medicare-certified IRFs in 2015 following hospitalization for hip fracture.MeasuresPatient characteristics include sociodemographic (age, gender, race, and social support) and clinical factors (functional status at admission, chronic conditions) and IRF length of stay. Outcomes were 30-day and 1-year all-cause mortality. We trained and evaluated 2 classification models, logistic regression and a multilayer perceptron (MLP), to predict the probability of 30-day and 1-year mortality and evaluated the calibration, discrimination, and precision of the models.ResultsFor 30-day mortality, MLP performed well [acc = 0.74, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) = 0.76, avg prec = 0.10, slope = 1.14] as did logistic regression (acc = 0.78, AUROC = 0.76, avg prec = 0.09, slope = 1.20). For 1-year mortality, the performances were similar for both MLP (acc = 0.68, AUROC = 0.75, avg prec = 0.32, slope = 0.96) and logistic regression (acc = 0.68, AUROC = 0.75, avg prec = 0.32, slope = 0.95).Conclusion and ImplicationsA scoring system based on logistic regression may be more feasible to run in current electronic medical records. But MLP models may reduce cognitive burden and increase ability to calibrate to local data, yielding clinical specificity in mortality prediction so that palliative care resources may be allocated more effectively.     

强制戒毒期海洛因依赖者自测健康的对照分析

目的 探讨强制戒毒期海洛因依赖者自测健康状况。方法 对60名强制戒毒者及60名社区人员采用自测健康评定量表（SRHMS）进行评定。结果 强制戒毒患者的SRHMS总分、生理、心理和社会健康因子分均明显低于社区组,两者之间的差异具有非常显著性意义（P＜0．01）。结论 吸毒严重损害人们的生理、心理及社会健康,提示要采取措施加强对该人群的心理行为干预及监督管理。     

p73在骨巨细胞瘤中表达的意义

目的：研究p73蛋白在骨巨细胞瘤中的表达,探讨其在骨巨细胞瘤发生、发展中的可能作用。方法：应用免疫组化S－P法检测40例骨巨细胞瘤石蜡标本中p73蛋白的表达情况。结果：p73在骨巨细胞瘤中表达阳性率为30.0％,对照组骨软骨瘤表达阳性率为20.0％,两组相比无显著差异（P＞0.05）。p73在骨巨细胞瘤Ⅰ～Ⅱ级组表达阳性率为17.9％,Ⅲ级组为58.3％,二者相比差异显著（P＜0.05）。结论：p73在Ⅲ级骨巨细胞瘤中表达明显增高,提示其在骨巨细胞瘤发生、发展中可能发挥重要作用,并可作为骨巨细胞瘤Jaffe分级的辅助指标之一。     

Systematic review and network meta-analysis assess the comparative efficacy and safety of transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumor

Neurosurgical Review - To quantitatively synthesize the comparative efficacy and safety of the most common surgical approaches including endonasal transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery (ETES),...     

晚期肺癌患者化疗相关性味觉改变与生活质量及应对方式的相关性

目的 了解肺癌患者化疗相关性味觉改变的发生现状,并分析其与生活质量、应对方式的相关性,为制订针对性的措施减轻患者味觉改变提供参考.方法 对144例晚期肺癌化疗患者采用中文版化疗相关性味觉改变量表、癌症患者生命质量量表和医学应对方式量表进行问卷调查.结果 晚期肺癌化疗患者味觉改变发生率为54.9％;患者化疗相关性味觉改变总分为7.60±2.57,化疗相关性味觉改变与生活质量量表功能维度、总体健康状况呈显著负相关,与部分症状维度呈正相关(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);医学应对方式量表中面对维度与整体味觉改变总分呈负相关,屈服维度与不适症状和味觉异常维度呈正相关(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 晚期肺癌化疗患者味觉改变发生率较高,处于中重度水平,对患者生活质量造成一定程度影响;患者采取积极应对方式有助于减轻味觉改变.