Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between intravenous ciprofloxacin and oral ferrous sulfate

Changes in oral bioavailability and in vitro antimicrobial activity have been the focus of many previous interaction studies for metal cations and quinolones. This study is the first to examine the possibility of an interaction in the systemic circulation using ciprofloxacin and ferrous sulfate as representative interactants in a rat model, and to determine the changes, if any, in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the antibiotic. To minimize direct physical interaction in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the current study design required the male Sprague Dawley rats (220-240 g) to be dosed with 100 mg/kg of oral ferrous sulfate and 5 mg/kg of intravenous ciprofloxacin. Control animals received only intravenous ciprofloxacin. Blood and urine samples were collected over time for quantitation of ciprofloxacin independently by both HPLC (H) and microbiological (M) assays. Results showed that the disposition of ciprofloxacin in control animals was biexponential with a mean (+/-SD) terminal elimination half-life (t(1/2,lambda z)) of 0.93+/-0.30 h. A large apparent volume of distribution (V(d,lambda z): 6.96+/-1.56 L/kg) was observed. In addition, concentration vs. time profiles generated by both assays were similar. When the antibiotic was dosed with oral iron, parameter estimates generated by HPLC appeared to show a wider distribution and a longer elimination of ciprofloxacin; mean V(d,lambda z) and t(1/2,lambda z) estimates increased by 2- and 4-fold, respectively. Relative to controls, antibiotic exposure (AUC(0-infinity) was also significantly higher (p<0.05) in the presence of iron (1.89+/-0.15 vs. 1.00+/-0.39 mg/h/L). A strong assay dependency was observed for ciprofloxacin concentrations observed post-distribution; the respective M/H ratios for AUC(0-infinity) and urinary recovery were 1.1 and 0.9 for controls and 0.7 and 0.5 for animals receiving oral iron. This iron related reduction in antimicrobial activity was in clear contrast to the higher exposure and longer t(1/2,lambda z) of the antibiotic. In conclusion, concomitant oral iron dosing induced significant changes in the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of intravenous ciprofloxacin.     

模糊数学方法预测股骨颈骨折后股骨头缺血性坏死

为研究运用模糊数学原理预测股骨颈骨折(Fracture of the Femoral Neck FFN)后股骨头缺血性坏死(Avascular Necrosis of the femoral Head ANFH)的方法及其可靠性,将FFN后并发ANFH的相关因素归结为9个因素、28个水平;将并发ANFH的可能性划分为5个等级;对近10年来文献中有关记载进行模糊统计,建立单因素评价集合;采用德尔斐氏法确定各因素重要程度系数,进行模糊初始评判和等级评价,并对45例患者进行了回顾性验证。结果显示被评判为可能性极大、很大、有可能、很小、极小的病例分别为3例、5例、8例、10例、19例,各级别并发ANFH者分别为3例、5例、2例、1例、0例,各等级间X2验P＜0.01。表明该方法运算简便,结果可靠,对FFN的诊疗和FFN后并发ANFH的防治有重要的临床意义。     

刺拇指节穴加围针治疗带状疱疹38例

作者自 1 993年以来 ,运用针刺拇指节穴加用局部围针的方法 ,治疗 3 8例带状疱疹 ,每日治疗 1次 ,1 0次为 1个疗程 ,经连续 2个疗程治疗后 ,临床治愈 3 1例 ,占 81 6% ,显效 7例 ,占1 8 4% ,所治病例全部有效。     

针刺对糖尿病小鼠脑内NOS表达的影响

目的 :本研究探讨一氧化氮 (NO)在糖尿病神经病变发病机制中的作用及针刺的效应。方法 :用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素 (Streptozotocin ,STZ)建立糖尿病动物模型 ,采用免疫组织化学方法观察糖尿病小鼠脑内神经原性一氧化氮合酶 (nNOS)免疫阳性神经元在脑内的分布。结果 :糖尿病可引起小鼠脑内各区 (包括大脑皮层、海马、下丘脑和杏仁核 )nNOS免疫阳性神经元表达增多 ,大脑皮层和杏仁核内的nNOS表达增加有显著性意义 ,在杏仁核和梨状皮质过度区也有大量nNOS阳性神经元分布 ,而针刺能抑制糖尿病引起的nNOS免疫阳性神经元表达的增加 ,这种抑制作用在大脑皮层和杏仁核具有显著性意义。另外在糖尿病小鼠的海马、下丘脑中可见到nNOS阳性神经元 ,也较正常组多 ,针刺右侧“太溪”对nNOS阳性神经元的增加也有一定的抑制作用 ,但均未达显著性意义。结论 :糖尿病可增加脑内nNOS免疫阳性神经元表达 ,针刺可抑制这种nNOS阳性神经元的增加 ,有类似NOS抑制剂的作用 ,可拮抗nNOS的神经毒性     

HPLC/MS Fingerprint Analysis of Tangshenosides

Radix Codonopsis(党参), which is derived fromCodonopsis pilosula, C.piosula subsp. modesta andC.tangshen(ChP,2000), has been used as a remedy fora decrease of appetite, psychoneurosis, fatigue, dyspepsiaetc.or as a substitute for Panax ginseng in traditionalChinese medicine.Relating to the constituents of theseherbs, triterpenes, phytosterols, furaldehyde,sesquiterpenesand some phenolic glycosides have been reported, butnone of these compounds seems to be responsible for thebiological activities of this d...     

Meta-analysis of the association of platelet glycoprotein IIIa PlA1/A2 polymorphism with myocardial infarction

This meta-analysis examined all the published reports up to October 1999 that studied the association between PlA2 polymorphism of platelet glycoprotein IIIa gene and myocardial infarction. The PlA2 polymorphism was not found to be associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction, either overall or in selected subgroups, which were patients with premature disease onset (age < or = 60 years), first acute myocardial infarction, and patients who were men, women, and exclusively Caucasian.     

H2 strain attenuated live hepatitis A vaccines:protective efficacy in a hepatitis A outbreak

AIM:To investigate the protective efficacy of H2 strain attenuated live hepatitis A vaccines (H2-strain vaccines) in hepatitis A (HA) outbreaks.METHODS:With the permission of their parents, 5551 pre-school and grade 1-3 primary school children were inoculated with 1 dose (10(6.5) TCID(50)) of H2 strain vaccines in a nonrandomized, controlled trial conducted in Fucheng County, Hebei Province in May 1997.Another 6485 children in the same grades and compatible in gender and age were enrolled as controls. Epidemiological and serological survey was conducted to evaluate the protective efficacy of the vaccines. ELISA was used to detect serum IgM anti-HAV.RESULTS:HA outbreak started in early May 1998, peaked in the middle of the same month, and lasted about 80 days. Overall 302 HA cases were found, 192(63.58%) were 5-9 years old. One vaccinee and 25 control cases were found to have hepatitis A, which account for 0.28% (1/356) and 5.92% (25/422) of all vaccinees and controls in the 14 villages, respectively. The protective efficacy of vaccines was 95.27% (95% CI: 85.83%-104.72%). In subjects tested for anti-HAV IgM from 13 villages, 1(0.40%) overt and 11(4.06%) asymptomatic HAV cases were found in 271 vaccinees but 21(6.69%) of overt and asymptomatic ones were found in 314 controls.CONCLUSION:H2 strain vaccines were excellent in preventing overt hepatitis A,but not so effective in preventing asymptomatic hepatitis A virus infection.A booster dose might be needed to get permanent reliable immunity.     

Correlation analysis between plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and cardiac function in blood deficiency syndrome]

The function of ANP in the cardiovascular regulation is very similar with the TCM theory of "the Heart governs blood circulation". Using the method of cardiac impedance to check cardiac output and the method of radioimmunoassay (RIA) to check plasma ANP, the result showed that in the status of Blood Deficiency Syndrome, cardiac function was impaired, there were reduced kinemia and stroke volume, as well as markedly raised plasma ANP and peripheral resistance. The above-mentioned indexes were significantly different from those of normal group (P < 0.01). Using multivariate regression analysis, cardiac output was negatively correlated with the plasma ANP (P < 0.05). 23 cases with Blood Deficiency Syndrome showed normal hemoglobin, but an evidently changed cardiac output and plasma ANP were closely related with the level of the Blood Deficiency. Both parameters might serve as the objective basis to reflect the level of Blood Deficiency to facilitate the clinical diagnosis of the patient.     

New Taxanes from Taxus chinensis

Two new taxane diterpenes, decinnamoyltaxagifine ( 3) and decinnanioyltaxagifine acetate ( 2), have been isolated from the leaves and stems of TAXUS CHINENSIS. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Their (13)C-NMR chemical shifts were assigned.