铁路站车病媒生物侵害调查

目的了解铁路站(客技站)车病媒生物危害状况,为防治提供依据。方法分别采用诱蚊灯及吸蚊管捕捉蚊虫,捕蝇笼及捕虫网捕捉苍蝇,粘捕板捕捉跳蚤、鼠,药激法捕捉蟑螂,于实验室进行种属鉴定。结果站区蚊虫3属4种,旅客列车蚊虫2属2种,淡色库蚊为优势种;站区蝇4科13种,丝光绿蝇为优势种,旅客列车蝇3科3种,家蝇为优势种;站区跳蚤2属2种,猫栉首蚤为优势种,旅客列车跳蚤1种,为人蚤;站区蟑螂2属2种,德国小蠊为优势种,旅客列车蟑螂1种,为德国小蠊;站区、旅客列车鼠类为褐家鼠和小家鼠。结论侵害客运车站、客技站的病媒生物可通过被动或主动方式侵害旅客列车;只有少数种类的蚊蝇可通过车门、窗侵害旅客列车。加强车站、客技站病媒生物防治管理,可有效控制其对旅客列车的侵害。     

艾滋病单阳家庭女用安全套使用可接受性研究

目的了解艾滋病单阳配偶对女用安全套的可接受性,并探索影响艾滋病单阳配偶女用安全套可接受性的因素。方法根据单纯随机抽样计算样本量,2013年5—12月选择湖南省邵阳市、四川省眉山市和乐山市,年龄在18~50岁之间的艾滋病单阳家庭,采用前瞻性观察性研究设计和日志形式记录艾滋病单阳家庭3个月内女用安全套使用过程,并于使用前和使用3个月后进行问卷调查,了解夫妻双方对女用安全套的态度、使用经历和使用意愿等信息,并利用logistic回归模型分析影响女用安全套可接受性的主要因素。结果共调查了89个艾滋病单阳家庭,其中以男方阳性为主,占66.3%(59/89);HIV感染者和阴性配偶的平均年龄分别为(38.5±8.6)、(37.6±8.3)岁;学历以初中为主,占41.0%(73/178),职业以农民为主,占42.1%(75/178),家庭月收入以2 000~2 999元为主,占32.6%(29/89)。86.5%(77/89)的HIV感染者是经异性途径感染HIV。调查对象研究实施前3个月性行为频次以2~3次/月为主,占44.9%(40/89);研究实施前3个月内安全套坚持使用率为86.5%(64/74)。研究期间85.4%(76/89)的单阳家庭使用了9只及以上女用安全套,每次性行为均使用安全套的比例达到了100.0%。试用后有58.4%(52/89)单阳家庭双方表示愿意接受并继续使用女用安全套。多因素分析结果显示,既往发生过强迫性性行为(OR=5.82)、女方为HIV感染者(OR=3.79)、使用安全套时在阴茎涂抹润滑剂(OR=3.57)、对培训的技能能完全理解(OR=3.31)、≥20年婚龄者(OR=2.85)和首次使用经历负性事件接受女用安全套的可能性更高(OR=7.14)。结论艾滋病单阳家庭对女用安全套具有一定程度的可接受性,可以对高危单阳配偶家庭采取女用安全套推广措施以完善预防艾滋病配偶间传播策略。     

超声检查和MRI在产前诊断胎儿Dandy-Walker变异型中的对比研究

目的回顾性分析胎儿头颅超声检查(US)和MRI在产前诊断胎儿Dandy-Walker变异型(DWV)中的应用价值。方法选择2011年1月至2013年9月在四川大学华西第二医院经胎儿头颅US疑诊为胎儿DWV的11例胎儿为研究对象,并同时对其进行头颅MRI检查。对疑诊为胎儿DWV者随访至引产后或生后1年,以引产后胎儿的尸检结果或随访1年后对患儿再次进行头颅MRI检查结果及其临床表现作为诊断DWV的金标准,并统计学比较胎儿头颅US及MRI产前诊断该病的正确率。本研究遵循的程序符合四川大学华西第二医院人体试验委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,征得受试对象监护人知情同意,并与之签署临床研究知情同意书。结果经头颅US疑诊为胎儿DWV的11例胎儿,同时进行头颅MRI检查结果为:正常胎儿为6例,诊断为胎儿DWV为5例。根据胎儿DWV诊断的金标准,胎儿头颅MRI对胎儿DWV的产前诊断正确率显著高于头颅US,且差异有统计学意义(100.0%vs45.4%,P=0.012)。结论胎儿头颅US是产前诊断胎儿中枢神经系统疾病的首选方法。对US疑诊为胎儿DWV者进一步采取头颅MRI检查确诊,是临床诊断胎儿DWV的必要补充。     

立体定向放射治疗结直肠癌单发肝转移临床应用研究

目的评价使用全身伽玛射线立体定向放射治疗在结直肠癌单发肝转移中的疗效及其放射反应。方法收集我科2007年1月至2012年12月收治的结直肠癌单发肝转移病患28例,使用全身伽玛射线立体定向放射治疗系统进行治疗。对患者进行密切随访,评价患者近期疗效,观察其6、12和18个月(或随访至患者死亡)生存率和中位生存期。结果全部28例病患均随访18个月以上(或随访至患者死亡),6、12和18个月生存率分别为79%(22/28)、64%(18/28)、46%(13/28),病例中生存超过3年的有4例。治疗前10例患者血AFP>400 ng/m L,最高≥61 000 ng/m L,平均约为1 800 ng/m L;治疗3个月后,8例患者血AFP有不同程度降低,其中5例恢复正常。治疗前20例患者血CEA异常升高;治疗3个月后,有18例患者血CEA出现不同程度下降,其中10例恢复正常。治疗过程中发生的放疗反应主要为早期放疗反应,其中15例出现一般性全身反应(表现为乏力、纳差、恶心、呕吐),2例出现放射性胃溃疡,经对症治疗后均缓解,未发现有其他严重副反应。结论采用全身伽玛射线立体定向放射治疗系统治疗单发结直肠癌肝转移有近期疗效好、放射反应轻特点,但其晚期放射损伤及远期疗效仍有待进一步观察评价。     

Amygdala–Hippocampal Connectivity Changes During Acute Psychosocial Stress: Joint Effect of Early Life Stress and Oxytocin

Previous evidence shows that acute stress changes both amygdala activity and its connectivity with a distributed brain network. Early life stress (ELS), especially emotional abuse (EA), is associated with altered reactivity to psychosocial stress in adulthood and moderates or even reverses the stress-attenuating effect of oxytocin (OXT). The neural underpinnings of the interaction between ELS and OXT remain unclear, though. Therefore, we here investigate the joint effect of ELS and OXT on transient changes in amygdala-centered functional connectivity induced by acute psychosocial stress, using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, within-subject crossover design. Psychophysiological interaction analysis in the placebo session revealed stress-induced increases in functional connectivity between amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, putamen, caudate and thalamus. Regression analysis showed that EA was positively associated with stress-induced changes in connectivity between amygdala and hippocampus. Moreover, hierarchical linear regression showed that this positive association between EA and stress-induced amygdala–hippocampal connectivity was moderated after the administration of intranasal OXT. Amygdala–hippocampal connectivity in the OXT session correlated negatively with cortisol stress responses. Our findings suggest that altered amygdala-hippocampal functional connectivity during psychosocial stress may have a crucial role in the altered sensitivity to OXT effects in individuals who have experienced EA in their childhood.     

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of a novel phospholipid-aspirin complex liquid formulation and low dose enteric-coated aspirin: results from a prospective,randomized, crossover study

Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis - Low dose enteric-coated aspirin (EC-ASA) is routinely used for secondary cardiovascular event prevention. However, absorption of EC tablets is poor, which...     

黄芪多糖对大鼠缺氧/复氧诱导的心肌细胞自噬及凋亡抑制作用的机制探讨

目的：探究黄芪多糖（APS）通过调控高迁移率族蛋白1/Toll样受体4/核转录因子-κB(HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB)信号通路对大鼠缺氧/复氧（H/R）诱导的心肌细胞自噬及凋亡的抑制作用。方法：建立H9C2心肌细胞H/R损伤模型并分为4组：对照组、H/R组、APS组和HMGB1抑制剂组。CCK-8法和EdU染色法检测细胞增殖能力;酶联免疫吸附试验检测细胞肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α、白细胞介素（IL）-1β、IL-6含量;透射电镜观察细胞自噬小体的形成;膜联蛋白V-异硫氰酸荧光素/碘化丙啶（AnnexinV-FITC/PI）双染法检测细胞凋亡;实时定量PCR检测细胞HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB p65 mRNA表达水平;蛋白免疫印迹法检测细胞HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB p65、B细胞淋巴瘤-2(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白（Bax）、含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶-3(caspase-3)、P62、微管相关蛋白1A/1B-轻链3(MAP1LC3,缩写为LC3)-Ⅱ蛋白表达水平。结果：与对照组相比,H/R组细胞增殖能力明显减弱,凋亡及自噬水平明显增加,细胞内可见大量自...     

The Effect of Age on Outcomes After Destination-Therapy Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation: An Analysis of the IMACS Registry

BackgroundAs patients with advanced heart failure are living longer, defining the impact of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) on outcomes in an aging population is of great importance. We describe overall survival, rates of adverse events (AEs), and post-AE survival in patients age ≥ 70 years vs age 50-69 years after destination-therapy (DT) LVAD implantation.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted with the use of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (IMACS) registry. All adults age ≥ 50 years with a continuous-flow DT LVAD from 2013 to 2017 were included. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. The secondary outcomes were the incidence of and survival after gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, infection, stroke, pump thrombosis, pump exchange, and right-side heart failure. Mortality and AEs were assessed with the use of competing risk models.ResultsAt total of 5,572 patients were included: 3,700 aged 50-69 and 1,872 aged ≥ 70. All-cause mortality by 42 months was 55.8% in patients aged ≥ 70 and 44.8% in patients aged 50-69 (P = 0.001). Patients aged ≥ 70 had a 37.8% higher risk of death after DT LVAD implantation (hazard ratio 1.378, 95% CI 1.251-1.517). Patients aged ≥ 70 had higher risk of GI bleeding but lower risk of right-side heart failure. There was no difference between age groups for risk of infection or stroke. Experiencing any AE was associated with an increased risk of death that did not vary with age.ConclusionsPatients aged ≥ 70 years have reduced survival after DT LVAD, in part because of increased GI bleeding, while the incidence of other AEs is similar to that of patients aged 50-69 years. Careful patient selection beyond age alone may allow for optimal outcomes after DT LVAD implantation.     

肌肉注射维生素D3对哮喘儿童血清25-羟基维生素D的影响

目的:探讨儿童哮喘在吸入沙美特罗替卡松同时一次性肌肉注射维生素D37.5 mg治疗前后血清25-羟基维生素D[25(OH)D]的变化。方法:选取2012年10月至2014年6月在成都市妇女儿童中心医院哮喘门诊就诊的哮喘急性发作初治患儿69例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组36例和观察组33例。两组均给予沙美特罗替卡松每次一吸(50μg/100μg),2次/天;观察组仅第1天加用维生素D330万IU肌肉注射一次。两组均在治疗前及治疗3个月后取静脉血清采用化学发光法测定25(OH)D水平。结果:观察组治疗后血清25(OH)D水平升高,虽未达到理想水平,但可纠正哮喘患儿存在的25(OH)D不足或缺乏,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组治疗前后血清25(OH)D水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后观察组血清25(OH)D水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:对哮喘患儿给予一次性维生素D330万IU肌肉注射可以纠正其存在的25(OH)D不足或缺乏,可能是改善哮喘患儿临床预后的积极补充治疗措施。     

18F-FDG PET/CT plays a unique role in the management of Takayasu arteritis patients with atypical manifestations

Clinical Rheumatology - The present study aimed to evaluate the value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) aiding in diagnosing and evaluating...