左氧氟沙星治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重反复住院患者的临床研究

目的探讨高剂量左氧氟沙星的临床策略性应用及对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)反复住院患者的疗效,并评估其治疗安全性。方法选取2011-2013年收治的老年AECOPD反复住院患者42例,观察组22例、对照组20例,所有病例均于入院时进行有关感染危险分层评估,优化抗菌药物应用;观察组入院初始抗感染即含有高剂量左氧氟沙星策略性给药,对照组入院初始不予左氧氟沙星,对比两组治疗效果。结果两组患者入院治疗72h显效率比较,观察组显效14例,显效率63.64%;对照组显效3例,显效率15.00%,观察组明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者平均住院天数为(10.13±1.40)d,对照组为(12.57±2.08)d,观察组较对照组平均住院天数缩短(P<0.01);与对照组比较未增加治疗过程中抗菌药物相关性不良事件,超广谱抗菌药物升级应用明显少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在老年AECOPD反复住院患者治疗中,入院初始经验性抗菌药物选择至关重要,策略性应用高剂量左氧氟沙星安全有效,具有潜在优势。     

纳米硒与亚硒酸钠在高碘致小鼠氧化损伤中的干预作用

[目的]研究比较纳米硒和亚硒酸钠对高碘致小鼠部分组织氧化损伤的干预作用。[方法]将48只雄性昆明小鼠被随机分为适碘组[50μg/L碘酸钾(KIO3)]、高碘组(3 000μg/L KIO3)、亚硒酸钠组(3 000μg/L KIO3+0.193 mg/kg硒)、纳米硒组(3 000μg/L KIO3+0.193 mg/kg硒),每组12只。4周后处死小鼠,测定血清、肝脏、肾脏组织的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力、以及丙二醛(MDA)水平。观察甲状腺病理变化。[结果]与适碘组相比,高碘组血清、肝脏和肾脏中GSH-Px活力均明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肝脏中MDA含量下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肝脏和肾脏脏器系数均增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与高碘组相比,亚硒酸钠组血清和肝脏中GSH-Px活力均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肾脏中MDA含量增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肝脏脏器系数下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血清和肝脏中MDA含量均下降。纳米硒组血清、肝脏和肾脏中GSH-Px活力均明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血清和肝脏中MDA含量均明显下降,在肾脏中增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肾脏脏器系数下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高碘组甲状腺组织出现弥漫胶质性甲状腺肿。[结论]高碘摄入可致小鼠氧化性损伤,补硒有一定干预作用,纳米硒的干预效果优于亚硒酸钠。     

2012年理塘县人间鼠疫调查结果分析

目的分析2012年理塘县人间鼠疫疫情,为人间鼠疫处置提供科学依据。方法运用流行病学调查方法,并结合临床表现和实验室检测结果。结果从死者的右腋下淋巴穿刺液、右腋下淋巴结、肋骨和皮下血棉拭子分离出鼠疫菌;自毙喜马拉雅旱獭股骨分离出鼠疫菌;IHA检测血清52份,结果均为阴性;RIHA检测人体及旱獭标本悬液10份,阳性8份,最高滴度为1∶40 960。结论通过流行病学调查、临床表现和实验室检测结果,确认死者是感染鼠疫菌而引起腺鼠疫继发败血型鼠疫导致死亡;在自毙旱獭分离出鼠疫菌确定理塘县为鼠疫自然疫源地,动物鼠疫流行猛烈,人间鼠疫和动物间鼠疫并发。     

军品药材包装材料的要求、研究现状与发展趋势

阐述了军品药材包装材料的基本要求、应用现状及今后研发趋势,介绍了常用药材、无菌药材通用包装的材质结构、包装特性和灭菌方法以及最新研究成果,展望了药材包装材料发展趋势,以期为军品药材包装材料科研、使用及相关管理部门提供有益参考。     

Overstitch在临床应用中的安全性评价

Overstitch内镜缝合系统是近年来逐渐应用于临床的内镜下空腔脏器全层缝合设备,该设备扩大了消化内镜手术的治疗范围,推进了临床手术治疗的微创化。近年来关于该设备的临床试验层出不穷,展示了Overstitch应用于临床治疗的潜力,但时见其相关并发症及不良反应报道,Overstitch相关手术的安全性尚待验证。本文就Overstitch的临床应用及安全性进行综述和讨论,旨在揭示该设备用于治疗消化系统疾病的优势及不足,进而评价这一新兴内镜缝合设备在临床应用中的安全性。     

Long non-coding ribonucleic acid W5 inhibits progression and predicts favorable prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUNDAccumulating evidence has revealed that several long non-coding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) are crucial in the progress of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).AIMTo classify a long non-coding RNA, i.e., lncRNA W5, and to determine the clinical significance and potential roles of lncRNA W5 in HCC.METHODSThe results showed that lncRNA W5 expression was significantly downregulated in HCC cell lines and tissues. Analysis of the association between lncRNA W5 expression levels and clinicopathological features suggested that low lncRNA W5 expression was related to large tumor size (P < 0.01), poor histological grade (P < 0.05) and serious portal vein tumor thrombosis (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that low expression of lncRNA W5 predicts poor overall survival (P = 0.016).RESULTSGain-of-loss function experiments, including cell counting kit8 assays, colony formation assays, and transwell assays, were performed in vitro to investigate the biological roles of lncRNA W5. In vitro experiments showed that ectopic overexpression of lncRNA W5 suppressed HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion; conversely, silencing of lncRNA W5 promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In addition, acting as a tumor suppressor gene in HCC, lncRNA W5 inhibited the growth of HCC xenograft tumors in vivo.CONCLUSIONThese results showed that lncRNA W5 is down-regulated in HCC, and it may suppress HCC progression and predict poor clinical outcomes in patients with HCC. LncRNA W5 may serve as a potential HCC prognostic biomarker in addition to a therapeutic target.     

Predictive value of blood concentration of biologics on endoscopic inactivity in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review

BACKGROUND Although blood concentration of biologics is an important composition of disease management in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)patients,complexity and uncertainty of biological management encourage many disputes in predicting the outcome of IBD patients through blood concentration of biologics.AIM To verify the predictive value of blood concentration of biologics on endoscopic inactivity in IBD patients under different situations.METHODS We searched PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase,and Web of Science up to May 2020 and identified IBD patients as the research cohort as well as the correlations between blood concentration of biologics and endoscopic inactivity in IBD patients as the research direction.RESULTS A total of 23 articles with 30 clinical studies and 1939 IBD patients were included.The predictive cut-off value of blood concentration of infliximab on mucosal healing should be 2.7-10.6μg/mL in IBD.Blood concentration of infliximab reaching 5.0-12.7μg/mL or more increased the probability of fistula healing/closure in perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease.Blood concentration of adalimumab reaching 7.2-16.2μg/mL or more could predict mucosal healing in IBD.The predictive cut-off value of blood concentration of adalimumab on fistula healing/closure should be 5.9-9.8μg/mL in perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease.Blood concentration of vedolizumab surpassing 25.0μg/mL indicated mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis patients under maintenance therapy and the predictive cut-off value of blood concentration on mucosal healing or endoscopic remission under induction therapy in IBD could be 8.0-28.9μg/mL.CONCLUSION Blood concentration of biologics should not be utilized to predict endoscopic inactivity of IBD independently due to discrepancies in clinical studies,whereas conducting therapeutic drug monitoring intensively contributes to precise therapy.     

Exploration of nucleos(t)ide analogs cessation in chronic hepatitis B patients with hepatitis B e antigen loss

BACKGROUNDNucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) cessation in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients remains a matter of debate in clinical practice. Current guidelines recommend that patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion discontinue NAs after relatively long-term consolidation therapy. However, many patients fail to achieve HBeAg seroconversion after the long-term loss of HBeAg, even if hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss occurs. It remains unclear whether NAs can be discontinued in this subset of patients.AIMTo investigate the outcomes and factors associated with HBeAg-positive CHB patients with HBeAg loss (without hepatitis B e antibody) after cessation of NAs.METHODSWe studied patients who discontinued NAs after achieving HBeAg loss. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify predictors for virological relapse after cessation of NAs. The cut-off value of the consolidation period was confirmed using receiver operating characteristic curves; we confirmed the cut-off value of HBsAg according to a previous study. The log-rank test was used to compare cumulative relapse rates among groups. We also studied patients with CHB who achieved HBeAg seroconversion and compared their cumulative relapse rates. Propensity score matching analysis (PSM) was used to balance baseline characteristics between the groups.RESULTSWe included 83 patients with HBeAg loss. The mean age of these patients was 32.1 ± 9.5 years, and the majority was male (67.5%). Thirty-eight patients relapsed, and the cumulative relapse rate at months 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 60, 120, and 180 were 22.9%, 36.1%, 41.0%, 43.5%, 45.0%, 45.0%, 45.0%, and 52.8%, respectively. Twenty-six (68.4%) patients relapsed in the first 3 mo after NAs cessation, and 35 patients (92.1%) relapsed in the first year after NAs cessation. Consolidation period (≥ 24 mo vs < 24 mo) (HR 0.506, P = 0.043) and HBsAg at cessation (≥ 100 IU/mL vs < 100 IU/mL) (HR 14.869, P = 0.008) were significant predictors in multivariate Cox regression. In the PSM cohort, which included 144 patients, there were lower cumulative relapse rates in patients with HBeAg seroconversion (P = 0.036).CONCLUSIONHBeAg-positive CHB patients with HBeAg loss may be able to discontinue NAs therapy after long-term consolidation, especially in patients with HBsAg at cessation < 100 IU/mL. Careful monitoring, especially in the early stages after cessation, may ensure a favorable outcome.     

基质金属蛋白酶与出血性转化

溶栓能有效治疗缺血性卒中,但有导致出血性转化的风险.许多研究显示,出血性转化与基质金属蛋白酶参与血脑屏障破坏、增加血管通透性密切相关.血浆MMP-9水平增高可作为出血性转化的独立预测因素.脑缺血早期应用基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂,有可能降低出血性转化的发生率和严重程度,但尚需进一步验证.