Changes in the human vocal tract due to aging and the acoustic correlates of speech production: a pilot study.

This investigation used a derivation of acoustic reflection (AR) technology to make cross-sectional measurements of changes due to aging in the oral and pharyngeal lumina of male and female speakers. The purpose of the study was to establish preliminary normative data for such changes and to obtain acoustic measurements of changes due to aging in the formant frequencies of selected spoken vowels and their long-term average spectra (LTAS) analysis. Thirty-eight young men and women and 38 elderly men and women were involved in the study. The oral and pharyngeal lumina of the participants were measured with AR technology, and their formant frequencies were analyzed using the Kay Elemetrics Computerized Speech Lab. The findings have delineated specific and similar patterns of aging changes in human vocal tract configurations in speakers of both genders. Namely, the oral cavity length and volume of elderly speakers increased significantly compared to their young cohorts. The total vocal tract volume of elderly speakers also showed a significant increment, whereas the total vocal tract length of elderly speakers did not differ significantly from their young cohorts. Elderly speakers of both genders also showed similar patterns of acoustic changes of speech production, that is, consistent lowering of formant frequencies (especially F1) across selected vowel productions. Although new research models are still needed to succinctly account for the speech acoustic changes of the elderly, especially for their specific patterns of human vocal tract dimensional changes, this study has innovatively applied the noninvasive and cost-effective AR technology to monitor age-related human oral and pharyngeal lumina changes that have direct consequences for speech production.     

复合树脂预热的研究现状和临床应用

复合树脂作为临床常用牙科充填材料存在耐磨性差、聚合收缩大和牙本质边缘适应性不佳等问题。近年有研究发现预热可以改善复合树脂的性能,本文就预热复合树脂对其单体转化率、边缘微渗漏、机械性能以及牙髓的影响等方面进行探讨,以供临床参考。     

影像学分型与急性脑梗死患者认知功能关系的研究

目的探讨影像学分型与急性脑梗死患者认知功能关系。方法对136例急性大脑梗死患者于发病后24～72h内行颅脑MRI检查确定梗死部位、测量病灶大小并作出影像学分型，于发病1周内，在患者床前采用简易精神状态检查法（mini—mentalstate examination，MMSE），检测患者的认知功能，并同步进行事件相关电位P300的检测，判断患者认知功能的情况，对比分析应用MRI进行的影像学分型与认知功能关系。结果额叶、颞叶脑梗死患者的MMSE和WAIS—RC评分明显低于顶枕叶和基底节区梗死患者，P300潜伏时明显长于顶枕叶和基底节区梗死的患者，但其P300波幅低于顶枕叶和基底节区梗死的惠者；中梗死和多发性梗死患者的MMSE和WAIS—RC评分明显低于顶枕叶和基底节区梗死患者，B300潜伏时明显长于顶枕叶和基底节区梗死的患者，但其P300波幅低于顶枕叶和基底节区梗死的患者。结论影像学分型与急性脑梗死患者认知功能有相关性。     

昆明地区5219例孕妇TORCH感染情况的调查分析

目的 了解昆明地区已婚育龄妇女TORCH感染情况.方法 于2005年5月至2007年6月期间我室对来我院进行产前检查的孕妇5219例抽取血样,采用ELISA方法对TORCH-IgM抗体进行测定.结果 TOX、CMV、RUV、HSV-Ⅰ及HSV-Ⅱ的阳性检出率分别为2.04%,1.89%,0.97%,0.78%,0.32%.同时,调查发现每年的5月至7月为本地区孕妇TOX、CMV感染的相对高发期;每年的11月至次年的1月为RUV、HSV-Ⅰ的相对高发期;HSV-Ⅱ感染无季节明显差异.结论 提倡对TORCH感染以预防为主,并建议已婚育龄妇女孕前加强筛查工作,早诊断,早治疗.     

扩大壁细胞迷走神经切断术治疗十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔176例

目的探讨扩大壁细胞迷走神经切断术（EPCV）治疗十二指肠溃疡并发急性穿孔的远期临床疗效。方法对1979年以来采用EPCV治疗的176例十二指肠溃疡并发急性穿孔患者的临床资料进行总结,分析评价疗效,评价内容包括术后并发症发生率、溃疡复发率、胃排空功能、胃镜和上消化道钡餐检查结果和营养状态及Visick分级。结果全组患者有153例（86.9%）获得5年随访。无手术死亡者。进食后上腹发生间断性胀痛13例（8.5%）,有时返酸12例（7.8%）,经服用吗叮啉可缓解。出现粘连性肠梗阻行粘连松解术4例（2.6%）,溃疡复发4例（2.6%）,均发生在术后2-3年内。浅表性胃炎21例（13.7%）,十二指肠球部变形31例（20.3%）,胃窦蠕动功能较好,胃排空功能正常。全组无贫血发生,体重增加者116例（75.8%）。Visick改良分级,146例为Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级,优良率占95.4%,Ⅲ级3例（2.0%）,Ⅳ级4例（2.6%）。结论EPCV术具有手术操作简便、术后并发症较少、溃疡复发率低、患者术后远期营养状况良好、生活质量较高的优良疗效,是治疗十二指肠溃疡并发急性穿孔首选的安全有效术式之一。     

Fast decomposition of water and lipid using a GRASE technique with the IDEAL algorithm.

Three-point Dixon techniques achieve good lipid-water separation by estimating the phase due to field inhomogeneities. Recently it was demonstrated that the combination of an iterative algorithm (iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL)) with a fast spin-echo (FSE) three-point Dixon method yielded robust lipid-water decomposition. As an alternative to FSE, the gradient- and spin-echo (GRASE) technique has been developed for efficient data collection. In this work we present a method for lipid-water separation by combining IDEAL with the GRASE technique. An approach to correct for errors in the lipid-water decomposition caused by phase distortions due to the switching of the readout gradient polarities inherent to GRASE is presented. The IDEAL-GRASE technique is demonstrated in phantoms and in vivo for various applications, including pelvic, musculoskeletal, and (breath-hold) cardiac imaging.     

Body mass index, percent body fat, and bone mass in a cohort of Chinese twins aged 6 to 18 years

Introduction This report examines the relationship of body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (%BF), and bone mass in a cohort of male and female twins recruited from Anhui province, China, ages 6–18 years—577 male pairs (mean age = 11.4) and 478 female pairs (mean age = 11.6). Methods Whole body bone mineral content (WBMC) in (g), whole body bone area (WBA) in (cm²), and %BF were measured using DEXA (Lunar Prodigy, USA). Regression analysis of within-pair differences was used to assess the strength of the association, and the analysis was stratified by gender and age group, where age cut-offs were based on ages at spermarche or menarche estimated from large population based studies in China. Males were stratified at ages before 14 and age 14–18, and females at ages prior to 12 and age 12–18. Results Univariately, BMI and %BF were associated with WBMC and WBA in the younger males and females, and in older males; %BF was significant only in older females. Multivariate models included both BMI and %BF. Among the younger males, age < 14, BMI and %BF were significantly associated with WBMC and WBA. In the younger females, age < 12, %BF was only significant to WBA. In the older age group, only BMI was significant to WBMC and WBA in females, but in males, BMI was positively associated, and %BF was negatively associated with both bone measures. Discussion These findings show that association between BMI and %BF and bone mass differ across gender and developmental stages, and %BF appears to be beneficial at younger ages, but detrimental or non-beneficial at older ages of development.     

疝环充填式无张力疝修补术262例体会

目的 探讨疝环充填式无张力修补术治疗腹股沟疝的经验并评价其临床价值.方法 回顾总结2000年1月至2007年6月疝环充填式无张力修补术治疗腹股沟疝262例临床资料,其中伴随高血压、冠心病、糖尿病、慢性呼吸系统疾病、便秘、前列腺肥大等238例,占90.8%.结果 全组均治愈,手术时间平均41分钟,无切口感染,术后4～7天出院,平均住院5天,随访3～64个月,疝复发1例,为0.4%.结论 该方法操作简便,符合腹股沟区生理解剖特点,强调对高龄患者的术前准备,强调严格的无菌操作,强调充填物放置到位和充填后修补到位是避免术后复发的关键.     

一种基于μ子进行核材料探测成像的模拟系统

宇宙射线斗子成像检测技术具有穿透力强、对高Z材料敏感等特点，特别适合检测特殊核材料，是监控核材料走私的有效方式之一。在搭建μ子成像检测硬件系统的同时，我们开发了一套针对实际硬件系统的模拟系统，并利用该系统开展斗子成像方法的研究。本文将介绍该模拟系统的有关情况，并给出利用该系统得到的仿真结果。相信这一工作将对实际宇宙射线μ子成像系统的设计给出指导意见。     

吡咯烷二硫氨基甲酸酯对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎的影响

目的　探讨核转录因子 (NF κB)抑制剂吡咯烷二硫氨基甲酸酯 (PDTC)对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎 (SAP)的影响。方法　将 3 6只Wistar大鼠随机分组 :假手术组 (n =6) ,假手术 静脉注射组 (n =6) ,SAP组 (n =12 )和试验组 (n =12 )。各组于造模 6h后 ,测定血清淀粉酶及脂肪酶含量 ,取胰腺组织进行病理学评分 ,采用免疫组织化学法检测NF κB激活水平及胰腺细胞凋亡情况。结果　SAP组和试验组的胰腺细胞内NF κB呈激活状态 ,存在胰腺细胞凋亡 ,与前两组差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ,试验组大鼠的胰腺组织病理学评分、血清淀粉酶及脂肪酶含量、NF κB激活及细胞凋亡水平与SAP组差异存在显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　在SAP发病机制中 ,NF κB是多种炎症介质的始动因子 ,PDTC可以有效抑制胰腺细胞中NF κB的激活 ,促进胰腺细胞凋亡 ,减少胰酶释放 ,减轻胰腺组织的病理损害。