全文获取类型
收费全文 | 128764篇 |
免费 | 11282篇 |
国内免费 | 6616篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1224篇 |
儿科学 | 1958篇 |
妇产科学 | 2930篇 |
基础医学 | 13445篇 |
口腔科学 | 2677篇 |
临床医学 | 15979篇 |
内科学 | 20151篇 |
皮肤病学 | 1590篇 |
神经病学 | 6393篇 |
特种医学 | 4195篇 |
外国民族医学 | 40篇 |
外科学 | 13341篇 |
综合类 | 19304篇 |
现状与发展 | 20篇 |
一般理论 | 18篇 |
预防医学 | 9423篇 |
眼科学 | 3442篇 |
药学 | 13459篇 |
114篇 | |
中国医学 | 6538篇 |
肿瘤学 | 10421篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 345篇 |
2023年 | 1716篇 |
2022年 | 4017篇 |
2021年 | 5425篇 |
2020年 | 4055篇 |
2019年 | 3666篇 |
2018年 | 3941篇 |
2017年 | 3705篇 |
2016年 | 3308篇 |
2015年 | 5235篇 |
2014年 | 6733篇 |
2013年 | 6945篇 |
2012年 | 10123篇 |
2011年 | 10871篇 |
2010年 | 7481篇 |
2009年 | 6150篇 |
2008年 | 7784篇 |
2007年 | 7725篇 |
2006年 | 7317篇 |
2005年 | 6688篇 |
2004年 | 4839篇 |
2003年 | 4400篇 |
2002年 | 3650篇 |
2001年 | 3090篇 |
2000年 | 2848篇 |
1999年 | 2643篇 |
1998年 | 1312篇 |
1997年 | 1220篇 |
1996年 | 986篇 |
1995年 | 948篇 |
1994年 | 885篇 |
1993年 | 504篇 |
1992年 | 889篇 |
1991年 | 801篇 |
1990年 | 668篇 |
1989年 | 569篇 |
1988年 | 525篇 |
1987年 | 450篇 |
1986年 | 357篇 |
1985年 | 284篇 |
1984年 | 184篇 |
1983年 | 167篇 |
1982年 | 95篇 |
1981年 | 93篇 |
1979年 | 140篇 |
1978年 | 111篇 |
1977年 | 83篇 |
1974年 | 94篇 |
1973年 | 72篇 |
1972年 | 87篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This report describes the results of matched-unrelated-donor transplant for leukemia or myelodysplasia in the first 23 recipient children at a single medical center in Taiwan. METHODS: Between August 1994 and February 2003, 23 consecutive children with leukemia or myelodysplasia underwent matched-unrelated-donor bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The preparative regimen consisted of fractionated total body irradiation and cyclophosphamide in 6 patients; busulfan in combination with etoposide and cyclophosphamide in 4 patients who received cranial irradiation before transplantation; and busulfan and cyclophosphamide in 13 patients. RESULTS: Engraftment was achieved in 91.3% of cases. Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) occurred in 18 of 21 patients who engrafted (85.7%). Event-free survival for all patients was 24.46 +/- 9.24%. The 12 children with standard-risk disease had better event-free survival than the 11 children with high-risk disease (46.88 +/- 15.03% vs 0%, p < or = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The major obstacles to successful matched-unrelated-donor BMT are acute GVHD, relapse and infection. Early transplantation and patient selection, prophylactic and therapeutic maneuvers for GVHD, as well as appropriate donor selection and virus prophylaxis may improve the results. 相似文献
62.
In primary visual cortex of hooded rats, pyramidal cells in layer V may be classified as long, medium, or short, on the basis of the layer in which the apical dendrite terminates. The present study determines which of these types of pyramidal cells project to the superior colliculus. Two different strategies were used to label corticotectal cells with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In the first set of experiments, a large number of corticotectal cells were labeled by retrograde transport following injection of HRP into the superior colliculus. In the second set of experiments, single unit recording was used to identify corticotectal cells physiologically by antidromic activation from the superior colliculus. These cells were then impaled and labeled by intracellular iontophoresis of HRP. The results from both techniques suggest that only long pyramidal cells send an axon to the superior colliculus. These cells are distinguished by an apical dendrite that extends into layer I. We conclude that in hooded rats corticotectal cells in primary visual cortex are the long pyramids in layer V. 相似文献
63.
Forty samples of cord blood lymphocytes were isolated from 40 normal healthy full-term newborns. The initial 20 samples were used to determine the dose-response curve of three different thymic extracts (TP-1, bovine thymic extract; TG-15-I and TG-15-II, both porcine thymic extracts) and one of renal origin (KG-1) as a control of non-lymphoid organ extract, by measuring the E-rosette T cells. Results showed that E-rosette T cells increased significantly when the thymic extract concentration was increased to 12.5 micrograms/ml. However, there was no statistical difference between TP-1, TG-15-I and TG-15-II in the increase of E-rosette-forming cells. The remaining 20 samples were preincubated with 0, 12.5, 25 or 50 micrograms/ml of thymic extracts. It was observed that the lymphoproliferation, interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrotic factor (TNF) production were all significantly increased after thymic extract treatment. No statistical difference between these three thymic preparations in the stimulation of lymphoproliferative response was found. However, among the three thymic extracts, TP-1 appears to induce the highest amounts of IL-2, IFN-gamma and TNF. Of the TG-15-I and TG-15-II, the former stimulates higher IL-2 production whereas the latter enhances IFN-gamma and TNF production. The different immunostimulating effects and potencies that these three thymic extracts showed may reflect not only the species difference but also the difference in preparation procedures. Different components in these thymic extracts may be responsible for different biological activities. Results from these comparative studies may provide useful information in future clinical trials for the treatment of the primary immunodeficiency diseases according to their pathogenesis and may also indicate a possible beneficial effect of the combination of chemotherapy and thymic extracts. 相似文献
64.
资料收集中的护患沟通交流技巧 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
蒋银芬 《实用临床医药杂志》2006,2(1):14-15
正确的护理评估依赖于资料收集的充足与准确。因此资料收集是否全面、系统、真实、及时,直接影响着护理诊断和护理措施的正确制订。如何应用护患沟通技巧,准确、及时、全面地收集资料保证护理质量是当今护理工作应关注的重要内容。 相似文献
65.
An unusual, elongated, refractile cell morphology was observed in keratinocytes cultured from three patients with non-lethalis forms of junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB). To determine whether these changes might be related to altered cell adhesion, keratinocyte strains established from one patient were examined for adhesive, structural, and functional characteristics. JEB keratinocytes expressed keratin tonofilaments, as determined by staining with AE1 monoclonal antibodies and direct observation of tonofilaments by electron microscopy. JEB keratinocytes showed diminished cell-substratum adhesions, judged by interference reflection microscopy. Areas of diminished cell-substratum adhesion corresponded to F-actin-rich cell adhesions (focal adhesions) and not to cellular areas that abundantly express hemidesmosomal antigens. Analysis of cell-substratum adhesion by electron microscopy revealed extensive areas of cell-substratum separation in JEB keratinocytes that were not present in normal keratinocytes maintained in serum-free medium. Normal keratinocytes displayed numerous regions of focal contact between the ventral plasma membrane and the culture substratum, but these structures were not seen in JEB keratinocytes. Bundled actin filaments (stress fibers) were greatly diminished in expected regions of cell-substratum adhesion in JEB keratinocytes and, instead, displayed disorganized individual filaments. The growth rate of JEB keratinocytes was quite slow in culture, with a population doubling time of 2.7 d versus 1.5 d for normal keratinocytes under identical conditions. JEB keratinocytes also displayed a reduced ability to aggregate into colonies upon exposure to medium with increased extracellular calcium. JEB keratinocytes thus display adhesive, structural, and functional abnormalities that suggest this cell type may be central to the pathogenesis of junctional epidermolysis bullosa. Study of affected keratinocytes could be important to characterize associated molecular pathologies. 相似文献
66.
Ruhangiz T. Kilani ; Larry Guilbert ; Xiaoyue Lin ; Aziz Ghahary 《Wound repair and regeneration》2007,15(2):236-244
Overexpression of wound healing-promoting factors such as transforming growth factor-1 (TGF-beta1) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) during the healing process has been implicated in the development of dermal fibrosis in patients following thermal injury, surgical incision, and deep trauma. However, the mechanism through which the expression of these two fibrogenic factors is slowed down and/or abrogated in the late stages of the healing process is not known. Here, we hypothesize that keratinocyte-releasable factors counteract the fibrogenic role of both IGF-1 and TGF-beta1 in fibroblasts. To test this hypothesis, the levels of collagenase (MMP-1), as an index for extracellular matrix degradation, in dermal fibroblasts in response to either keratinocyte-conditioned medium (KCM) or our recently identified keratinocyte-releasable stratifin in the presence and absence of either IGF-1, TGF-beta1, or both were evaluated. The results of Northern analysis showed a significant increase in collagenase mRNA expression in cells treated with KCM in the presence of both IGF-1 and TGF-beta1. The effect was, at least in part, due to keratinocyte-derived stratifin that was present in KCM. This was ascertained as the levels of MMP-1 mRNA were markedly reduced when cells were treated with stratifin-immuno-depleted KCM. The results of Western blot analysis showed an increase in the level of MMP-1 protein in stratifin-treated fibroblasts and this was consistent with the level of MMP-1 mRNA expression detected by Northern analysis. However, in contrast to KCM, whose efficacy on MMP-1 expression was modestly reduced by either IGF-1 and TGF-beta1, or a combination of both, these factors abrogated the MMP-1 stimulatory effect of stratifin in fibroblasts. In summary, the results of this study revealed that both stratifin and KCM stimulate the expression of MMP-1-in fibroblasts and this effect can be abrogated by either IGF-1, TGF-beta1, or a combination of both. 相似文献
67.
Teh-Ia Huo Han-Chieh Lin Shou-Dong Lee 《Liver transplantation》2007,13(11):1618; author reply 619-1618; author reply 620
68.
阴茎勃起神经再生模型和机制的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
探明神经性勃起功能障碍(NED)的分子生物学机制以期对该类疾病进行神经调控干预,是男科学研究的当务之急。本文回顾了急性神经损伤、前列腺癌、糖尿病和帕金森病所致的NED的研究进展。通过利用大鼠阴茎勃起神经的盆腔大神经节(MPG),在体外构建一个三维培养体系来研究各种生长因子和细胞信号通路对神经再生的影响。体外结果表明脑源性神经生长因子(BDNF)通过JAK/STAT信号通路可显著促进NED的恢复,并在体内证实了该效应。因此,通过调控JAK/STAT信号通路来达到神经调控干预措施预防治疗神经性勃起功能障碍成为可能。 相似文献
69.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) program has considered the use of capitation payments to health care providers as a method for control of the rising costs of the system. The establishment of capitation payments usually requires the performance of risk adjustment. The purposes of this study were to develop a diagnosis-based risk adjustment model for the NHI and to evaluate its predictability. METHODS: Using a 2% random sample of 371,620 NHI enrollees, the authors developed a Taiwan version of the Principal Inpatient Diagnosis Cost Groups (TPIPDCGs) from 1996 claim records to predict an individual's expenditure in 1997. Weighted least squares regression models were built in an estimation sample (two-thirds of the study sample), and were cross-validated in a validation sample (the remaining one-third of the study sample). Predictive R2 and predictive ratios were used to evaluate the model's predictability. RESULTS: Only 7.88% of the study sample could be classified into 1 of the 16 TPIPDCGs. Combined with demographic variables, which alone could explain 3.7% of the variation in an individual's future expenditure, the risk adjustment model based on TPIPDCGs could explain 12.2% of expenditure variation. In addition, the finding that the predictive ratios of the TPIPDCG model approximated unity better than those of the demographic model in all subgroups indicates that the capitation payment as predicted by the TPIPDCG model for each subgroup would better correlate to the actual spending. CONCLUSION: Taiwan's risk-adjusted capitation model based on principal inpatient diagnoses has higher predictability on individual's future expenditure than its counterpart in the USA. This finding provides insight into not only the development of Taiwan's diagnosis-based risk adjustment models but also the necessity of modification when applying foreign-developed risk adjustment models to the NHI. 相似文献
70.
深圳市第二人民医院在不断完善、加大力度、加强医德医风建设方面制订出一系列纠风长效机制,采取有力措施:认真解决“红包”、回扣问题;进一步推动和规范药品集中招标采购工作;加强对中标药品价格和管理;切实加强医德医风建设,规范医疗服务行为;进一步规范药品生产流通秩序,加大源头治理力度;加强监管,严肃查处医药购销和医疗服务中的违纪违法行为。使医德医风常抓不懈,为医院在医疗服务行业、深化改革竞争中赢得了一席之地,也使医院在社会效益和经济效益能在全社会中取得了较高威信奠定了坚实的基础。 相似文献