Intermittent Fasting: Potential Bridge of Obesity and Diabetes to Health?

Obesity has been an escalating worldwide health problem for decades, and it is likely a risk factor of prediabetes and diabetes. Correlated with obesity, the number of diabetic patients is also remarkable. A modest weight loss (5–10%) is critical to alleviate the risk of any other metabolic disease. Reduced energy intake has been an essential factor for weight loss reduction. As a new behavior intervention to lose weight, intermittent fasting (IF) attracts considerable attention and has become a popular strategy among young people. IF is a diet pattern that cycles between periods of fasting and eating on a regular schedule, involving various types, mainly Intermittent Energy Restriction and Time-Restricted Fasting. Accumulating evidence shows that short-term IF has a greatly positive effect in animal studies and contributes favorable benefits in human trials as well. Nevertheless, as an emerging, diverse, and relatively premature behavior intervention, there are still limited studies considering patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is also a controversial intervention for the treatment of metabolic disease and cancer. The risks and challenges appear consequently. Additionally, whether intermittent fasting can be applied to long-term clinical treatment, and whether it has side effects during the long-term period or not, demands more large-scale and long-term experiments.     

Health risk assessment of heavy metals in the water environment of Zhalong Wetland,China

Concentrations of the Cu, Cd, Cr, As, Zn and Ni in water samples from 272 sampling stations in the water environment of Zhalong Wetland, China were studied. Health risk assessment associated with six heavy metals and metalloid was conducted using health risk assessment model from United States Environmental Protection Agency. It can be concluded that the mean concentrations of Cu, Ni, Zn, As, Cd and Cu were 0.19, 0.45, 0.52, 4.9, 0.12 and 0.24 μg L^?1, respectively. The carcinogenic risk of Cr, As and Cd in the discharged area, experimental area, buffer area and core area were lower than the maximum allowance risk level recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP 5.0 × 10^?5 a^?1). The non-carcinogenic risks (Cu, Zn, Ni) was also lower than the maximum allowance levels recommended by ICRP. Though it was lower than the level, it was very approaching to maximum acceptable risk level, need to draw attention to the relevant departments.     

Sequencing and phylogenetic characterization of a novel Polerovirus from Nicotiana tabacum

Virus Genes - In this study, we reported the complete genome of a novel Polerovirus, named Tobacco yellow virus (TYV), which can be transmitted by Myzus persicae. TYV had a single-stranded RNA...     

胸腺五肽对脓毒症致急性肾损伤患者肾功能的影响

目的 探究讨胸腺五肽对脓毒症引起的急性肾损伤患者肾脏的保护作用。方法 选取2015 年6 月—2016 年12 月苏州大学附属第三医院脓毒症引发的急性肾损伤患者54 例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组27例。对照组患者给予常规治疗,观察组患者在常规治疗的基础上进行胸腺五肽10 mg 皮下注射,1 次/d,持续1周。结果 两组患者在治疗前TNF-α、IL-10、CRP、PCT 浓度、T 淋巴细胞亚群CD3+、CD4+、CD8+ 细胞及CD4+/CD8+ 的比值、血肌酐（Scr）和血尿素氮（BUN）浓度的比较差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）;治疗后两组患者各指标比较差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,观察组患者的CD3+、CD4+、CD8+ 细胞及CD4+/CD8+ 的比值均高于对照组;TNF-α、IL-10、CRP、PCT、Scr 和BUN 浓度均低于对照组。结论 胸腺五肽可提高和恢复脓毒症患者的细胞免疫功能,对脓毒症引起的急性肾损伤患者肾脏起到保护作用,具有临床意义。     

Abnormal neural activity in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

In this study, a newly reported regional homogeneity approach was used to analyze blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging data on resting state in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder showed decreased regional homogeneity in the frontal-striatal-cerebellar circuits, but increased regional homogeneity mainly in the occipital cortex. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis of abnormal frontal-striatal-cerebellar circuits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The regional homogeneity approach may be a potentially useful method in exploring the pathophysiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.     

进展性缺血性脑卒中的形成因素

目的了解进展性缺血性脑卒中的形成因素。方法136例缺血性脑卒中患者筛选出进展性脑卒中38例，与98例卒中及60例健康者作对照，比较血液中血管性血友病因子抗原（vWF：Ag）、a颗粒膜蛋白-140（GMP-140）、凝血酶抗凝血酶Ⅲ复合物（TAT）、抗凝血酶Ⅲ（ATⅢ）、组织型纤溶酶原激活物（t—PA）、D二聚体（D—D）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1（PA11）、同型半胱氨酸（HCY）、空腹血糖（FBG）的浓度及收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）。结果缺血性脑卒中的发生者vWF、GMP-140、TAT、PAI、DD、HCY、FBG明显增加，ATⅢ、t—PA减少（P〈0．05）；而进展性缺血性卒中vWF、TAT、PAI、DD、HCY、FBG进一步增加，ATⅢ、t-PA进一步减少，SBP、DBP明显下降（（P〈0．05），GMP-140上升无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论进展性缺血性卒中与vWF：Ag、TAT、DD、PAI、HCY、FBG进一步增加，ATⅢ、t—PA进一步减少，SBP、DBP下降（P〈0．05）有关。     

Disruption of cortical integration during midazolam‐induced light sedation

This work examines the effect of midazolam‐induced light sedation on intrinsic functional connectivity of human brain, using a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over, within‐subject design. Fourteen healthy young subjects were enrolled and midazolam (0.03 mg/kg of the participant's body mass, to a maximum of 2.5 mg) or saline were administrated with an interval of one week. Resting‐state fMRI was conducted before and after administration for each subject. We focus on two types of networks: sensory related lower‐level functional networks and higher‐order functions related ones. Independent component analysis (ICA) was used to identify these resting‐state functional networks. We hypothesize that the sensory (visual, auditory, and sensorimotor) related networks will be intact under midazolam‐induced light sedation while the higher‐order (default mode, executive control, salience networks, etc.) networks will be functionally disconnected. It was found that the functional integrity of the lower‐level networks was maintained, while that of the higher‐level networks was significantly disrupted by light sedation. The within‐network connectivity of the two types of networks was differently affected in terms of direction and extent. These findings provide direct evidence that higher‐order cognitive functions including memory, attention, executive function, and language were impaired prior to lower‐level sensory responses during sedation. Our result also lends support to the information integration model of consciousness. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4247–4261, 2015. © 2015 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc .     

中西医结合治疗慢性再生障碍性贫血30例

慢性再生障碍性贫血（Chronic Aplastic Anemia,CAA）是一组由多种病因引起的骨髓造血功能衰竭,以造血干细胞损伤、外周血全血细胞减少为特征的难治性血液病,临床上常表现为贫血、出血和感染。治疗主要予雄性激素、免疫抑制剂治疗,其疗效已被临床证实,但复发问题严重,长期应用不良反应多。2005年12月-2010年7月,我们采用自拟补肾益髓汤伍用雄激素司坦唑醇治疗,取得了满意的疗效,现报道如下。