医院结构化药学决策知识库建设实践与应用成效分析

目的介绍上海交通大学附属第六人民医院构建结构化药学决策知识库的方法及实践。方法首先进行药学信息结构化梳理,然后构建结构化药学决策知识库,并进行设置测试和运行,最后建立药学决策知识规则库的5步循环更新机制,用于实现用药决策支持功能。在此基础上,比较2016-2018年上半年不合理医嘱比例和构成。结果按用法用量、禁忌症、适应证、相互作用、配伍、特殊人群用药等特征,对药品应用信息进行结构化梳理,并进行设置测试和试运行,经过药事管理与药物治疗学委员会讨论备案后上线,笔者所在医院结构化药学决策知识库共计包含用药规则10 000余条,涉及药品1500余种。该系统自2017年初上线,将不合理医嘱比例从6.02%下降到2.07%,同时显著改变不合理医嘱构成,促进药学服务质量提升。结论笔者所在医院结构化药学决策知识库不仅能提高医疗服务效率和质量,而且能提升医院用药安全的管理水平。     

五味子丙素缓解血管紧张素 Ⅱ诱导的心脏炎性反应和心肌重构

目的探究五味子丙素对血管紧张素 Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)诱导小鼠心肌重构和炎性反应的影响。方法研究时间为 2018年 7月至 2019年 1月。皮下注射 Ang Ⅱ诱导 C57BL/6小鼠心肌重构。将 C57BL/6小鼠分为空白对照组、 Ang Ⅱ组、 Ang Ⅱ＋五味子丙素组(Ang Ⅱ+ShC组)皮下注射 Ang Ⅱ前一天开始给药处理, 8周后,处死小鼠,收集心脏组织。采用 ELISA法检测组织中肿瘤坏死因子 ?α(TNF?α)/白介,素?6(IL?6)的含量, RT?PCR法检测 IL?6、TNF?α、心钠肽(ANP)、脑钠肽( BNP)、肌球蛋白重链(MYHC)、转化生长因子 β(TGF?β)、胶原 IV(Collagen IV)和β?肌动蛋白(β?actin)的mRNA表达;生化试剂盒检测血液中的 CK?MB。结果与 AngⅡ组比较,五味子丙素治疗组心脏损伤被逆转,心重比降低［(6.32±0.99)‰比(4.93±0.17)‰,P＜0.05］,心功能相关基因 ANP［( 3.37±0.60)比( 1.41±0.37)倍, P＜0.05)和 BNP［( 2.51±0.75)比( 0.78±0.55)倍, P＜0.05］、促肥大基因 MYHC［( 2.57±0.74)比(1.18±0.26)倍, P＜0.05)、纤维化相关基因 TGF?β［(5.25±0.94)比( 1.78±0.57)倍, P＜0.05)和胶原 IV［(3.70±1.47)比( 1.68±0.56)倍, P＜0.05］的 mRNA表达下调,心脏组织 TNF?α/IL?6的 mRNA［分别为( 7.18±2.85)比( 2.92±0.86)倍, P＜0.05和( 12.89±5.40)比(4.29±3.43)倍, P＜0.05］和蛋白表达水平［分别为( 4.80±0.78)比(2.09±0.41)ng/mg,P＜0.05和(2.56±0.73)比( 1.23±0.41)ng/mg, P＜0.05］均显著降低。结论五味子丙素能有效缓解 Ang Ⅱ诱导的小鼠心肌重构,并伴随缓解炎性反应。     

滴通鼻炎喷涂凝胶剂体外释放度及大鼠鼻黏膜毒性研究

目的 研究滴通鼻炎喷涂凝胶剂的体外药物释放规律及鼻粘膜毒性。方法 采用无膜溶出法进行体外释放度实验,测定药物的累积溶蚀率和释放率,对黄芩苷、盐酸麻黄碱释药行为拟合数学模型进行分析;通过打喷嚏实验考察本品对大鼠的宏观刺激性,并结合HE染色法观察本品鼻粘膜毒性。结果 溶出曲线表明累积溶蚀率与累积释放率有较强线性关系,黄芩苷、盐酸麻黄碱体外释放符合一级动力学方程具缓释特征。本品对大鼠鼻腔有一定刺激性但停药可恢复;气管、支气管和肺部,均未出现红肿、充血等现象; HE染色表明,本品对大鼠鼻粘膜有轻微损伤,停药7天后,除阳性组粘膜固有层可见腺管上皮细胞发生轻度空泡变性,粘膜上皮细胞发生变性、坏死,固有层充血、出血外,其余各组均可恢复正常。结论 本品为溶蚀与扩散相结合的缓释制剂,对鼻粘膜毒性较小,停药可恢复,安全性较高。     

Cardiac protection of Bauhinia championii against reperfusion injury

This study aims to investigate the protective effects of the Bauhinia championii (BC) against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)‐induced injury in an isolated heart model. Langendorff‐perfused C57BL/6JNarl mice hearts were performed with 30 minutes ischemia and 60 minutes reperfusion by left anterior descending artery ligation. Before reperfusion, boiling water extracts of BC (10 mg/L) was pretreated for 15 minutes. During reperfusion, BC significantly decreased the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias by lead II electrocardiogram (ECG). Electrophysiological effect of BC was further determined in isolated ventricular myocytes by whole‐cell patch clamp technique. The underlying mechanism may result from its Na⁺ channel blocking activity characterized with reduced rise slope of action potential and Na⁺ current density. Moreover, BC dramatically reduced I/R‐caused infarct size, which was accessed by 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) assay. Since BC decreased I/R‐induced myoglobin release and oxidation of Ca²⁺‐calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase, inhibition of myocardial necroptosis may account for the protective effects of BC on myocytes lose. This study indicated that BC may prevent I/R induced ventricular arrhythmias and myocyte death by blocking Na⁺ channels and decreasing necroptosis, respectively. Since most of the available antiarrhythmic remedies have unwanted adverse actions, BC could be a novel candidate for the treatment of myocardial infarction and ventricular arrhythmia.     

Changes in thyroid hormone levels and related gene expressions in embryo–larval zebrafish exposed to binary combinations of bifenthrin and acetochlor

Ecotoxicology - Bifenthrin (BF) and acetochlor (AT) are widely used as an insecticide and herbicide, respectively, which are introduced to the aquatic environment as a natural result. Although the...     

Logistic模型联合ROC曲线对利奈唑胺致老年患者血小板减少的预测分析

目的：采用Logistic模型和ROC曲线探讨老年患者接受利奈唑胺治疗引起血小板减少的相关危险因素,并预测该人群中不良反应的发生风险。方法：回顾性分析某院2018年3月至2019年9月期间接受利奈唑胺治疗老年患者的临床资料,收集患者的基本信息、实验室指标、联合用药和不良反应的情况。采用多因素Logistic回归法分析接受利奈唑胺治疗的老年患者发生血小板减少症的危险因素,通过建立Logistic模型,并联合ROC曲线对血小板减少症的发生情况进行预测分析。结果：102例患者（男性68名,女性34名）纳入研究,利奈唑胺治疗期间23例（22.5%）发生血小板减少症。多因素Logistic回归分析显示用药时间,血肌酐浓度和血小板基线值是发生血小板减少症的独立危险因素。分别用上述独立危险因素建立Logistic回归方程,经变换后得到联合预测因子的计算公式,Y联合=X_Scr+34.0X_T-1.6X_PLT,联合预测因子的ROC曲线下面积（0.821,95%CI：0.755~0.866,P<0.001）优于其他指标,具有一定的预测价值,Youden指数最大时（0.606）的切点为ROC曲线上的最佳界值（183.7）。结论：用药时间、基线血小板值、血肌酐浓度是利奈唑胺致老年患者血小板减少的独立危险因素,临床用药期间,可将上述因素带入联合预测因子的计算公式,预测发生血小板减少症的风险,以便及时调整给药方案。