Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rapid ejaculator rats: A further study

Limited evidence has indicated that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be involved in the neurobiology of premature ejaculation (PE). This study aimed to investigate BDNF levels in the central and peripheral nervous systems of a rapid ejaculation model. Eighteen male rats were selected and classified as ‘sluggish’, ‘normal’ and ‘rapid’ ejaculators on the basis of ejaculation frequency during copulatory behavioural tests. BDNF levels in specific brain regions, spinal cord and serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Consistent with the results in PE patients, the concentration of serum BDNF decreased significantly from the sluggish rats to normal and rapid rats. Besides, in both brain regions and spinal cord, the sluggish group had the highest BDNF levels, while the rapid group had the lowest BDNF levels. Regression analyses of the expression of BDNF presented positive correlations between serum and brain (r = 0.958, p < .001), and between serum and spinal cord (r = 0.967, p < .001) respectively. Our findings suggested insufficient BDNF in the nervous system and serum may lead to rapid ejaculation. The current study adds to the evidence that BDNF is involved in the regulation of ejaculation.     

Risk Factors and Outcomes for Preoperative Asymptomatic Pulmonary Embolism in Patients Aged 60 Years and Over with Hip Fracture

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors for, and outcomes of, preoperative asymptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients ≥60 years old following delayed operation for hip fracture.MethodsFrom March 2017 to December 2018, 90 patients aged ≥60 years with hip fracture who suffered a delay in surgery were recruited to this prospective study following admission to our hospital. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) was used to detect preoperative asymptomatic PE and calculated its incidence. Time from injury to admission, baseline characteristics, medical comorbidities, and blood biomarker levels were evaluated as potential risk factors. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors. Mortality and major bleeding events were recorded and compared between individuals with PE and without. Data were analyzed by t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, χ ² test, Fisher''s exact test, and logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe incidence of preoperative asymptomatic PE was 18.9% (17/90 patients). In the univariate analysis, the risk factors for preoperative asymptomatic PE were male sex, hypertension, cerebrovascular accident, smoking, plasma D‐dimer level, potassium level, urea level, creatinine level, and cysteine level. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of preoperative asymptomatic PE was higher in patients with hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 10.048; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.118–90.333), cerebrovascular accident (OR = 20.135; 95% CI, 1.875–216.164), smoking (OR = 48.741; 95% CI, 4.155–571.788), high plasma D‐dimer levels (OR = 1.200; 95% CI, 1.062–157.300), and high plasma potassium levels (OR = 12.928; 95% CI, 1.062–157.300). All patients were followed up for 21.0 months (range, 2 to 36 months). Mortality within the first year postoperatively was higher in patients with PE (29.41% vs 9.59%, P = 0.046).ConclusionsIn view of the high incidence of preoperative asymptomatic PE and the inferior prognosis in individuals with PE, routine CTPA examination for preoperative asymptomatic PE could be useful for patients aged ≥60 years with hip fracture for whom surgery is delayed.     

左旋精氨酸对糖尿病大鼠阴茎海绵体氧化应激损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨左旋精氨酸(L-Arg)对糖尿病大鼠阴茎海绵体氧化应激损伤的保护作用.方法 大剂量STZ腹腔注射建立糖尿病大鼠模型,随机分为糖尿病组、L-Arg治疗组,并设正常对照组.治疗8周后用电刺激各组大鼠勃起神经测定海绵体内压评价勃起功能采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法检测阴茎海绵体组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,硫代芭比妥酸法测丙二醛(MDA)含量;光镜下观察Masson染色切片.结果 糖尿病组较正常对照组,阴茎海绵体MDA含量显著增高(P<0.01),SOD活性显著下降(P<0.05),最大海绵体内压(ICP)显著降低(P<0.05);与糖尿病组比较,L-Arg可使海绵体MDA含量明显降低(P<0.05),显著提高其SOD活性及ICP(P<0.05).糖尿组大鼠阴茎组织中胶原纤维含量明显减少,排列紊乱、稀疏,平滑肌减少变薄,出现断裂;L-Arg组大鼠阴茎组织结构可见明显改善.结论 糖尿病大鼠阴茎海绵体存在氧化应激损伤,导致海绵体结构的改变是其勃起水平下降的重要因素,通过补充L-Arg,可以减轻勃起组织的氧化应激损伤,改善组织结构,从而提高勃起能力.     

Partin表对我国前列腺癌患者术后病理特征预测价值的验证性研究

目的 验证基于西方人样本资料的Partin表预测我国前列腺癌患者术后病理特征的准确性.方法 回顾性分析2006年1月到2010年2月所有接受前列腺癌根治术患者的资料,筛选出术前未接受内分泌治疗且影像学检查未见盆腔淋巴结增大及远处转移的病例,收集前列腺特异性抗原检测值、Gleason评分、临床分期及术后病理分期等数据.根据术前临床指标按照Partin表分别预测四种术后病理情况的发生概率,再与实际结果 进行对照,利用受试者工作特征曲线下面积评估Partin表的准确性.结果 与构建Partin表的基础样本人群相比,本研究组人群血清前列腺特异性抗原水平、Gleason评分偏高,临床分期偏晚.器官局限、包膜侵犯、精囊侵犯及淋巴结转移这四种术后病理情况的发生率分别为62.3%、16.7%、12.3%及8.8%.利用Partin表预测上述术后病理特征的4条受试者工作特征曲线下面积分别为0.735、0.653、0.601及0.845.结论 对于我国前列腺癌患者,Partin表预测淋巴结转移的准确性很高,预测器官局限性疾病的准确性尚可接受,而预测包膜侵犯及精囊侵犯的准确性则较差.     

游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复胫前皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨应用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣移植修复胫前皮肤、软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对14例胫前皮肤、软组织缺损伴骨外露患者,应用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣移植修复,皮瓣切取面积14cm×6cm～23cm×12cm,供区直接缝合或以全厚皮片植皮修复。结果术后14例皮瓣全部存活,创面一期愈合,术后随访3～24个月(平均8个月),皮瓣质地优良,无溃疡发生,8例获保护性感觉,骨折愈合后下肢可负重行走。结论股前外侧穿支皮瓣是修复胫前皮肤、软组织缺损的有效方法。     

The <Emphasis Type="Italic">BRAF</Emphasis> Mutation Is Predictive of Aggressive Clinicopathological Characteristics in Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma

Background  

This study analyzed the utility of BRAF mutation screening of ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) specimens for predicting aggressive clinicopathological characteristics of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC).     

肝脏微小占位病变的局部治疗及评价

常见的肝脏微小占位病变有微小肝癌、小血管瘤、小囊肿、微小转移瘤、局灶性结节性增生、肝细胞腺瘤样增生等；少见的有肝腺瘤、肝脂肪瘤、肝平滑肌瘤及炎性假瘤等。其中微小肝癌的治疗极为重要。由于微小肝癌有多中心发生的可能，其切除范围取决于病变的位置、范围及肝脏储备功能，以及众多可供选择的非切除方法的存在，使得更多病人在同样治疗效果下，更愿意接受侵袭性小的局部治疗方法。多数良性微小占位病变不须特殊处理，但当有手术指征时（与肝癌不能鉴别或有恶变可能），有时亦由于种种原因，最后选择局部治疗。因此，局部治疗在肝脏微小占位病变的处理方面已越来越显得重要，甚至有发展成为主流治疗方法的趋势。     

腹腔镜胰腺远端切除术治疗体会

目的探讨腹腔镜下胰腺远端切除术的手术适应证、安全性和可行性。方法选择2005年2月-10月住院的连续10例胰体尾占位患者,年龄(43．4±14．7)岁,男1例,女9例。9例术前诊断为囊性占位,肿瘤最大径平均4．0 cm(2．6～8．5cm);1例术前诊断为胰体尾病变伴肝转移,胰腺内分泌肿瘤可能性大。其中7例行保留脾脏胰腺远端切除术,3例行胰腺远端+脾切除术。结果10例手术均完全在腹腔镜下完成。手术时间(228±26)min,术中出血量(173±100)ml。术后胰瘘1例(10％),充分引流1个月后自行愈合;1例患者术后1个月复查发现胰腺断端旁有假性囊肿形成,直径约2 cm,观察1个月后囊肿消失。其余8例无并发症发生。术后平均住院13．5 d(12～16 d)。10例患者术后血糖均正常。10例随访2～22个月(中位数8个月),9例囊性病变患者均无复发,1例内分泌癌随访1年,肝脏转移病灶无明显变化,原发部位无肿瘤复发。结论对于病变位于胰体尾的良性肿瘤或疾病,选择腹腔镜胰腺远端切除术是安全、可行的。     

口内斜形弧线下颌骨截骨术改善下面部轮廓

目的为探寻更精细的下面部轮廓整形方法。方法根据术前X线评估结果及与受术者充分讨论,对52例求美者进行口内斜形弧线截骨方法,15例同期进行颧骨整形,26例同时施行了咬肌部分切除,14例同时施行了颊脂垫切除,8例同时进行隆颏手术。结果52例中40例表示非常满意,11例满意,1例截骨稍过度,觉得效果较差。非常满意的受术者表示下面部宽度变窄,不论从正面、侧面都具备了一个优美精致的轮廓线,达到了术前的期望值。结论使用口内斜形弧线截骨方法可使下面部轮廓不管是在正面上还是在侧面上都能得到理想的效果,而且操作较简单、切口隐蔽。     

人体真菌组与疾病

真菌组在人体微生物组中所占比例不到1%,但真菌群落在人体健康与疾病状态中扮演着关键角色。近年来随着高通量测序技术的广泛应用,人体不同部位如口腔、肺部、消化道、阴道以及皮肤真菌组的结构和组成被解析,其在人体健康和疾病中的重要地位也被挖掘。同时,人体真菌组对细菌组的组成也有影响,是维持微生物组结构和代谢功能稳定的关键物种;真菌组对宿主的免疫应答作用也对某些疾病的发生发展有显著影响。本文综述了人体不同部位健康与疾病状态下真菌组组成情况以及真菌组与细菌组、宿主免疫的相互作用。