组织工程化肌腱研究进展

对组织工程化肌腱领域中目前研究的主要成果进行综述，着重阐述了肌腱细胞外基质替代物、肌腱细胞生物学性质及肌腱细胞与细胞外基质材料复合研究中的主要问题。认为，研制适于肌腱细胞生长、粘附和发挥功能的细胞外基质材料；建立生长、增殖可调控的肌腱细胞系；在模拟体内力学条件下，进行肌腱细胞三维培养，将是研究具有特定修复功能的组织工程化肌腱的重要问题。     

Development and clinical evaluation of immunoluminometric assays for lactoferrin and elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complexes in body fluids with special references to bronchoalveolar lavage and neonatal sepsis

Immunoluminometric assays for lactoferrin and elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complexes were developed using solid-phase methodology, which has already been published from this laboratory. The aim of the study was to develop a rapid method to see whether elevated granulocyte activity was present in the lung, as for example in neonatal sepsis. The lactoferrin assay gave reliable results within 30 minutes, the elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complexes, within 5 hours. The correlation between both analytes was good, so that the lactoferrin assay could replace the elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor assay in emergency cases. The lactoferrin assay was used for rapid answer, the elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complex assay for "fine" monitoring of the progress of the disease. Both assays could be used to measure concentrations in plasma or bronchoalveolar lavage using a 10 microliters sample. Plasma for the elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complex determination had to be diluted 1:50 before being assayed. Only EDTA plasma was used in the assay, as either heparin plasma or serum resulted in granulocyte destruction, thus giving rise to elevated, and non-reproducible results. The results from bronchoalveolar lavage show an excellent correlation between elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complexes and lactoferrin. No interference was seen from lipaemic or icteric plasma samples. Results from haemolytic samples i.e. where lysis of erythrocytes and leukocytes had occurred, had to be treated with care if no clinical indication of intravascular haemorrhage was present. The assays lend themselves to perinatal diagnosis, as the total volume of plasma or lavage needed is theoretically under 50 microliters, i.e. ethically acceptable for regular monitoring of neonates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

肉桂挥发油对“虚证”模型环核苷酸系统反应性的影响

本实验用纯系CFW小鼠与Wistar大鼠建立“虚证”模型。以环核苷酸系统反应性为指标观察了肉桂挥发油的作用。通过气相色谱及气质联用等方法研究表明,本实验所提取的挥发油中桂皮醛含量约为92％。肉桂挥发油可显著降低“阳虚”——甲状腺素缺乏(甲减)模型升高了的cGMP系统反应性而使其降低了的耗O_2率升高;这是一种治疗作用。肉桂挥发油可显著升高“阴虚”——甲状腺素过多(甲亢)模型已升高了的cAMP系统反应性并使其升高了的耗O_2率进一步升高,这是一种恶化作用。这两种作用与中医对症治疗的原则是一致的。     

306名大学生错失恐惧与社交媒体倦怠的关系:睡眠质量和负性情绪的链式中介作用

目的 探讨大学生睡眠质量、负性情绪在错失恐惧与社交媒体倦怠间的中介作用。 方法 采用错失恐惧量表、社交媒体倦怠量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表简体中文版对306名大学生进行调查。 结果 错失恐惧、社交媒体倦怠、睡眠质量和负性情绪之间呈两两正相关;错失恐惧能正向预测社交媒体倦怠;睡眠质量和负性情绪在错失恐惧和社交媒体倦怠之间起单独中介作用,且睡眠质量和负性情绪在错失恐惧与社交媒体倦怠之间起链式中介作用,负性情绪各维度效应皆成立。 结论 睡眠质量和负性情绪能够为错失恐惧对社交媒体倦怠的影响提供一个解释机制,大学生的错失恐惧既可以直接影响其社交媒体倦怠水平,也可以通过睡眠质量、负性情绪的独立中介效应以及睡眠质量-负性情绪的链式中介效应间接影响。     

Production of multiple murine CD2 receptor constructs using the baculovirus expression vector and a rapid dot-blot assay

The baculovirus expression system was used to produce three different constructs of the murine cell surface adhesion receptor CD2. One construct coded for a single, N-terminal, Ig-fold domain. It was inefficiently secreted and therefore primarily intracellular. The second construct coded for both extracellular, N-terminal Ig-fold domains. This was efficiently secreted into culture supernatant. The third construct coded for the full-length transmembrane molecule which localized to the cell surface. All constructs were monomers of predicted MW_r and were appropriately glycosylated. They retained epitopic specificity as demonstrated by binding to mAbs, and adhesion function as demonstrated by a rosetting assay.     

当归注射液对脑血栓患者花生四烯酸代谢产物和氧自由基水平的影响

目的 :了解当归注射液改善脑循环治疗脑血栓的临床效果。方法 :对 46例脑血栓形成患者应用当归注射液进行治疗 ,对比分析其治疗前后血浆前列环素 (PGI2 )、血栓烷A2 (TXA2 )及自由基水平。结果 :脑血栓形成患者TXA2 、丙二醛 (MDA)明显升高 ,超氧化物岐化酶 (SOD)明显降低。当归注射液治疗后上述改变明显减轻或恢复至正常组水平。结论 :当归注射液能有效调节花生四烯酸代谢产物和氧自由基水平 ,对治疗脑血栓效果明显。     

慢性肾衰大鼠单个核细胞内游离钙浓度和白介素－1活性的变化

本文探讨了５／６肾切除术后慢性肾衰大鼠残肾纤维化的发生机理，发现术后１２０天，在残肾单个核炎性细胞浸润、残肾显著纤维化和肾功能损害的同时，残肾脂质过氧化物含量显著升高，抗氧化机制功能显著下降，钠钾ＡＴＰ酶活力显著下降，周围血单个核细胞内游离钙浓度显著升高，单个核细胞培养上清白介素－１活性增高。而摄入大量维生素Ｅ的大鼠，上述各指标有不同程度的改善，残肾纤维化显著减轻。提示残肾纤维化可能与单个核白细胞内游离钙浓度升高，进而产生白介素－１增多有关。     

Cell extract-derived differentiation of embryonic stem cells

Various means have been used to encourage the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) toward specific lineages, including growth factor administration, genetic modification, and coculture with relevant cells/tissues. Cell extract-based reprogramming has recently been used to derive mature cells from nonrelated phenotypes. In this communication, we tested whether this in vitro reprogramming approach can be used to direct ESC differentiation. Permeabilized murine ESCs exposed to extracts of murine type II pneumocytes showed increased expression of surfactant protein C and its corresponding mRNA, reflecting enhanced differentiation of pneumocytes. Subsequent differentiation to a type I phenotype was demonstrated by expression of aquaporin 5. Pneumocyte formation occurred quicker than with growth factor-induced differentiation. Our findings establish that ESCs can be differentiated in vitro using cellular extracts. This model provides a tool for analysis of the key factors involved in the differentiation of ESCs to type II pneumocytes.     

Reprogramming the immune system for tolerance with monoclonal antibodies

Monoclonal antibodies to CD4, CD8 and CD11a can be used in vivo either to deplete or functionally block T cells to create a tolerance permissive environment. Short courses of non-depleting CD4 and CD8 antibodies were used to induce tolerance separately in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells either to foreign immunoglobulins, bone marrow, or skin grafts. Tolerance was obtained to minor (non-MHC) transplantation antigens without T cell depletion even in actively sensitized mice, or to MHC plus minor antigens presented directly by skin grafts using combinations of depleting followed by blockading CD4 and CD8 antibodies. In all cases, tolerance was specific to the antigen/tissue given under cover of antibody treatment, and in one example it could be shown that T cells directed to MLS-1a had been forced into an anergic state. This induction of tolerant, anergic T cells in the periphery is able to explain many of the features associated with tolerance, not only in the model systems using foreign antigens, but also in the normal regulation of anti-self responses and its failure in autoimmune diseases. It is our new found ability to use antigen under the cover of antibody treatment to accurately control the pattern of tolerant T cells in vivo that we refer to by using the term 'reprogramming'. We also describe the clinical treatment of one patient with an autoimmune vasculitis based on the ideas developed from the mouse models.