测定尿红细胞平均体积和分布曲线鉴别血尿来源的临床价值

目的观察尿红细胞平均体积（ＭＣＶ）和尿红细胞分布曲线鉴别血尿来源和性质。方法用ＣＯＵＬＴＥＲ－ＪＴ全自动血球计数仪检测４０例肾小球性血尿、４０例非肾小球性血尿ＭＣＶ和分布曲线。结果肾小球肾炎ＭＣＶ为６１±１４ｆｌ,非肾小球肾炎ＭＣＶ为８９±１８ｆｌ,以ＭＣＶ＜８０ｆｌ鉴别为肾小球性血尿,敏感性和特异性分别为９７．５％和８８．２％。分布曲线的特点不同,峰值差异很大。结论测定尿ＭＣＶ及分布曲线对鉴别血尿来源和性质有重要意义。     

联合内分泌治疗对前列腺和睾丸的影响

目的 探讨抑那通和缓退瘤联合治疗对正常前列腺,增生的前列腺（ＢＰＨ）和前列腺癌以及睾丸的作用。方法 对１６例接受联合内分泌治疗至少３个月且有治疗前后病理资料的前列腺癌患者的标本进行了系统的病理学检查。对内分泌治疗后的睾丸标本与同龄未接受治疗的进行对照研究。结果 １４例内分泌治疗后的前列腺标本２例未见残存癌灶,９例对治疗有明显的反应;３例对治疗反应差,治疗并未降低前列腺癌的病理分期。３例内分泌治疗后     

双歧杆菌对实验性大肠癌的预防及诱导细胞凋亡的作用

目的　探讨青春型双歧杆菌对实验性大肠癌的预防作用及其防瘤机制。方法　以裸鼠大肠癌移植瘤为动物模型,预先用双歧杆菌注射于裸鼠腹腔,观察移植瘤的生长速度,同时利用透射电镜、原位末端标记技术及免疫组化技术观察大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤的超微结构、凋亡细胞密度以及ｂｃｌ２、ｂａｘ 蛋白表达率及其阳性细胞密度。结果　双歧杆菌预防组大肠癌移植瘤的生长速度显著慢于对照组; 此外双歧杆菌预防组移植瘤组织中可见多量处于不同凋亡时期的瘤细胞,其凋亡细胞密度、ｂａｘ 蛋白表达率以及阳性细胞密度均显著高于肿瘤对照组,而ｂｃｌ２ 蛋白的表达情况则相反。结论　青春型双歧杆菌能显著预防大肠癌的发生与发展,并能诱导其细胞凋亡。     

Biotransformation of curcumin through reduction and glucuronidation in mice.

Curcumin, the yellow pigment in turmeric and curry, has antioxidative and anticarcinogenic activities. In this study, we investigated the pharmacokinetic properties of curcumin in mice. After i.p. administration of curcumin (0.1 g/kg) to mice, about 2.25 microg/ml of curcumin appeared in the plasma in the first 15 min. One hour after administration, the levels of curcumin in the intestines, spleen, liver, and kidneys were 177.04, 26.06, 26.90, and 7.51 microg/g, respectively. Only traces (0.41 microg/g) were observed in the brain at 1 h. To clarify the nature of the metabolites of curcumin, the plasma was analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC, and two putative conjugates were observed. Treatment of the plasma with beta-glucuronidase resulted in a decrease in the concentrations of these two putative conjugates and the concomitant appearance of tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) and curcumin, respectively. To investigate the nature of these glucuronide conjugates in vivo, the plasma was analyzed by electrospray. The chemical structures of these metabolites, determined by mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analysis, suggested that curcumin was first biotransformed to dihydrocurcumin and THC and that these compounds subsequently were converted to monoglucuronide conjugates. Because THC is one of the major metabolites of curcumin, we studied its stability at different pH values. THC was very stable in 0.1 M phosphate buffers of various pH values. Moreover, THC was more stable than curcumin in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2 (37 degrees C). These results, together with previous findings, suggest that curcumin-glucuronoside, dihydrocurcumin-glucuronoside, THC-glucuronoside, and THC are major metabolites of curcumin in vivo.     

K-serotype analyses of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated in northern Taiwan, 1983 through 1993

From 1983 through 1993, 786 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were collected from food-borne disease outbreaks and sporadic cases of diarrheal illness in northern Taiwan, involving 42 K-serotypes. Five top leading serotypes were K8 (36.8%), K15 (10.8%), K12 (8.7%), K56 (7.9%) and K63 (4.7%). However, a variation of K-serotypes was found during this study period. From 112 food-borne outbreaks associated with this microorganism, only 54 (48.2%) outbreaks were caused by a single serotype, while 58 (51.8%) were caused by multiple K-serotypes. Numbers of outbreaks caused by two, three and more than three K-serotypes were 29 (26%), 16 (14.2%), and 13 (11.6%), respectively. In a special outbreak, eight K-serotypes was found. Outbreaks caused by party caterers were most frequently associated with multiple K-serotypes.     

Control of retinal information coding by GABAB receptors.

The directional selectivity of amacrine and ganglion cells was studied using conventional intracellular recording techniques and drug application in the superfused retina-eyecup preparation of the tiger salamander. Baclofen, a GABAB receptor agonist, enhanced normal directional responses in some directionally selective third-order neurons. In about 30% of the cells that were not normally directional, baclofen induced direction-selective responses. This effect was particularly marked when 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB) was used to isolate the OFF pathway. Comparisons of the effects of APB and baclofen on induced directional cells indicate that directional information in the ON and OFF channels is often handled separately and frequently is not aligned. This tends to obscure the observation of directionality as seen from the soma. Application of picrotoxin blocked both normal directional selectivity and baclofen-induced directional selectivity in some cells. Superfusion of picrotoxin and strychnine together blocked directionality in almost all cells. In both normal and induced directionality, the null direction response varied from cell to cell between a small depolarization, no voltage response, or a hyperpolarization. Injection of positive current often revealed "silent" inhibition. Some induced direction-selective cells did not show any evidence of inhibition in the null direction. The similarities in the response to baclofen, the influence of GABA and glycine antagonists, and the characteristics of the null-direction responses suggest that both normal and induced directionality originate from the same sources or mechanisms. Baclofen also induced orientation selectivity, but this was rarely observed.