输尿管上段结石的微创手术治疗

目的：探讨输尿管上段结石的治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石(URSL），后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石(RLU)、经皮肾穿刺取石(PCNL)治疗输尿管上段结石患者的临床资料。其中URSL组25例，RLU组20例。PCNL组9例。结果：URSL组碎石成功18例；7例不成功，其中3例改为开放手术，1例改为后腹腔镜取石。2例行ESWL术，1例仅留置双J管。术后1个月拔管后自行排出。2例并发输尿管穿孔。RLU组取石成功18例，2例滑入肾内，经配合输尿管镜和腹腔镜直视下经皮肾穿刺取石成功，术后15例有伤口漏尿。PCNL组成功9例，无并发症。结论：USRL创伤小。术后恢复快。是治疗输尿管上段结石的较为满意的治疗方法。PCNL创伤小，取石成功率高，在结石靠近肾盂、儿童输尿管上段结石并同侧肾结石和结石以下输尿管狭窄时应优先考虑。但技术难度较大。RLU可作为URSL不成功后的辅助治疗方法。     

荧光示踪法研究逆行岛状皮瓣静脉回流

目的探讨采用荧光示踪法研究逆行岛状皮瓣静脉回流的可行性，并初步观察静脉回流规律。方法20只新西兰大白兔，每只取耳静脉血0．ImL，分离RBC并用FITC标记。流式细胞仪检测已标记的RBC阳性率及荧光强度，倒置荧光显微镜观察其形态。取20只新西兰大白兔，在动物双侧后肢内侧分别建立4cm×3cm隐动、静脉逆行岛状皮瓣模型（n=10）和顺行岛状皮瓣模型（n=10），血管蒂长3cm。将一侧后肢随机设定为实验组，皮瓣制备后注射已标记的RBC悬液5pL；对侧为对照组，不注射示踪剂。实验组按顺行和逆行皮瓣分成两组，即顺行皮瓣组和逆行皮瓣组，每组10个；再根据注入示踪剂途径不同，分为动脉和静脉2个亚组，每亚组5个皮瓣。注射示踪剂5S后取下皮瓣立即冷冻，取连续的3张冰冻切片（5～7pm），其中2张行HE染色和GENMED染色，另]张不染色直接压片，荧光显微镜观察荧光分布。结果流式细胞仪分析FITC标记的RBC阳性率在99％以上，荧光强度均≥10。；倒置荧光显微镜下标记的RBC呈均匀分布的绿色荧光，荧光强度均匀、稳定。冰冻切片显示实验组皮瓣蒂部均出现荧光，对照组未见荧光。顺行岛状皮瓣组荧光主要分布在静脉腔、静脉壁、动脉内膜和外膜；逆行岛状皮瓣组荧光分布在动脉内膜、外膜和静脉壁。结论荧光示踪剂可用于静脉回流研究，顺行岛状皮瓣静脉主要通过静脉腔、静脉壁、动脉内膜和外膜回流；逆行岛状皮瓣静脉主要通过动脉内膜、外膜和静脉壁的“迷宫式途径”回流。     

瘢痕成纤维细胞中TGF-β受体与整合素相互作用的实验研究

目的:了解TGF-β受体和整合素在瘢痕增生和挛缩过程中的作用.方法:通过荧光定量PCR法(FQ-PCR)测定经TGF-β受体、整合素和粘着斑激酶(FAK)抗体阻断后培养的瘢痕成纤维细胞TGF-β受体以及整合素表达量的变化.结果:经不同抗体阻断后培养的瘢痕成纤维细胞其TGF-β RI和整合素β 1的基因拷贝数均较阴性对照组有不同程度的下降(P＜0.05).结论:TGF-β受体和整合素介导的信号传导途径间可能存在着正反馈的效应,共同促进瘢痕的增生和挛缩.FAK是两条信号传导途径的交汇点和作用的中心环节.     

Synthesis and Purine P2X Receptor Antagonist Activity of Thiazole Derivatives

The ability of 12 new thiazole derivatives to influence the muscle contractility mediated by purine P2X receptors has been studied in vitro using isolated tissues of rats and guinea pigs. Most of the synthesized compounds did not cause significant effects, but two compounds exhibited pronounced antagonism with respect to P2X-mediated contractility response. These compounds offer a good starting point for the synthesis of new effective antagonists of P2 receptors. __________ Translated from Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 39, No. 6, pp. 22 – 25, June, 2005.     

Effect of kanamycin on the cochleas in guinea pigs

Kanamycin (400 mg/kg) was injected daily for 5 days in guinea pigs, the changes in CM and AP responses were recorded. The CM threshold was elevated in 34.5% of the animals and the CM amplitude was reduced when compared with normal animals (P less than 0.005). The AP threshold was elevated in 13.8%. The latency of N1 was increased (P less than 0.001) and the amplitude of N1 reduced at 80 dB (S-L) (P less than 0.001).cAMP and cGMP levels in the organ of Corti and stria vascularis spiral ligament decreased, and the decrease correlated with the changes in auditory function. We consider the reduction of cyclic nucleotides in the cochlea may be important in kanamycin ototoxicity.     

Freiberg’s Infraction in Identical Twins: A Case Report

Freiberg's infraction is an ostechondrosis of a lesser metatarsal head resulting in degeneration of the metatarsophalangeal joint. Several mechanisms have been suggested in its pathenogenesis. Freiberg first described the entity and believed single impact trauma was the underlying cause. Repetitive biomechanical microtrauma is the most widely accepted etiologic theory. Other factors contributing to its development include aseptic necrosis, ischemia, and a congenital predisposition. We present a case report of Freiberg's infraction occurring in identical twins involving multiple metatarsals in various stages of degeneration. One of the twins was affected unilaterally whereas the other twin was affected bilaterally. Both twins had involvement of the second metatarsal on the same side extremity. The occurrence of Freiberg's infraction in identical twins suggests that an underlying congenital predisposition to the condition may play more of a role than previously considered.     

神经化组织工程骨构建的初步观察

目的评估两种组织工程骨体内神经化重建方法的成骨效果,研究神经化与成骨的相互关系。方法26只新西兰大白兔,其中24只随机分成四组:组织工程骨组(A组),感觉神经束植入组(B组),运动神经束植入组(C组),血管束植入组(D组);另2只为空白对照组。每只动物均制备左侧股骨长1.5cm的段缺性骨与骨膜缺损,钢板固定后骨缺损处分别植入用四种方法制备的组织工程骨。植入的神经分别是隐神经和股神经肌支。术后4、8、12周摄股骨正位X线片,用放射影像学评分和X线阻射影分析比较骨缺损修复情况。结果在组织工程骨中植入感觉神经束后,比单纯组织工程骨和运动神经束植入的修复效果均有明显提高,而在组织工程骨中植入运动神经束与单纯组织工程骨修复骨缺损的效果相比较无明显差异,感觉神经束植入与血管束植入的成骨效果比较无明显差异,血管束植入组的成骨效果优于其它两组。结论利用感觉神经束植入的方法可以提高组织工程骨的成骨作用,而植入运动神经束却无此作用。     

Crohn病的CT表现

目的探讨Crohn病的CT表现特点。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的18例Crohn病的CT征象，大多数病例采用螺旋CT或多层螺旋CT扫描。结果所有病例均有节段性肠壁增厚，CT增强有7例表现为肠壁均匀增厚，缺乏层次，同时肠壁强化不明显；有11例表现为黏膜增厚和分层形成“靶征”和“双环征”，肠壁厚度多在5～10mm；有9例表现为病变段肠管周围纤维脂肪成分增多，蜂窝织炎及肠周或肠系膜血管增多增粗。有5例CT首先考虑为其他疾病，1例考虑为闭攀性肠梗阻，1例首先考虑为肠结核，2例回盲部病变怀疑为癌，1例肠穿孔形成脓肿仅诊为化脓性感染。结论cT不但能准确显示Crohn病肠壁、肠系膜及周围结构的异常，增强CT还能区分活动性与非活动性病变，有助于临床采取合理而积极的治疗方案。