Bilateral versus unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment results between bilateral (bi-) and unilateral (uni-) sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective study. METHODS: Three hundred twenty-four patients with SSNHL were classified into two groups; simultaneous bi-SSNHL (n = 16) and uni-SSNHL (n = 308). We compared clinical characteristics, medical history, hearing level, and treatment results between the 2 groups. RESULTS: The incidence of bi-SSNHL was 4.9 percent of overall patients with SSNHL. Bi-SSNHL occurs more commonly in patients of older age, with preexisting diabetes mellitus, and lipid panel abnormalities compared with uni-SSNHL. Ten patients (62.5%) in the bi-SSNHL group showed hearing recovery in 1 or both ears compared with 56.5 percent of patients with uni-SSNHL. Only 12 (37.5%) of all 32 ears recovered in bi-SSNHL, which was significantly lower than in uni-SSNHL. CONCLUSION: Bi-SSNHL has a very low incidence and lower recovery rate than uni-SSNHL. Recognition of similarities and differences between bilateral and unilateral SSNHL can help in counseling and managing the patients.     

输尿管软镜取石术治疗经皮肾镜术残留肾结石12例报告

目的:评估输尿管软镜取石术治疗经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)残留肾结石的效果。方法:利用输尿管软镜治疗PCNL残留肾结石12例,男8例,女4例;平均年龄42.6岁。左侧5例,右侧3例。KUB测量结石直径为0.7~2.6cm,平均1.4cm。经留置输尿管扩张鞘或沿导丝直接置入输尿管软镜抵达肾盂,寻及结石后以200μm光纤、10 W功率钬激光碎石。观察其手术时间、结石清除率、并发症等疗效指标。结果:本组12例均顺利完成输尿管软镜碎石,手术时间68~116min,平均92min;结石清除率为83.3%(10/12)。1例结石残留患者另作穿刺通道行二期PCNL后结石完全清除;1例术后行ESWL仍有少量结石残留,随访观察。均无严重出血及输尿管穿孔等并发症。结论:输尿管软镜取石术治疗PCNL后残留肾石安全、有效。     

肝移植治疗终末期自身免疫性肝病的预后分析

目的  探讨肝移植治疗终末期自身免疫性肝病(AILD)的预后情况。方法  回顾性分析1996年5月至2013年4月在第二军医大学附属长征医院实施原位肝移植术的48例终末期AILD受者的临床资料。计算受者的术后累积生存率,分析死亡病例的死因,了解术后排斥反应、病毒性肝炎新发感染及AILD复发情况。结果  48例AILD受者中,存活38例,AILD受者术后5年累积生存率为76%。10例死亡受者的死亡原因包括多器官功能衰竭、移植肝衰竭、脓毒症、肺部感染、出血、肝动脉栓塞、肾衰竭。48例AILD受者中,肝移植术后发生急性排斥反应者9例(19%),有3例分别在术后1~2年内新发乙型肝炎病毒感染,有2例原发性胆汁性肝硬化受者于术后2年出现原发病复发,经积极治疗均长期生存。结论  终末期AILD肝移植受者多数可获得长期生存,应重视肝移植术后早期免疫抑制方案的制定,预防感染及排斥反应和术后新发病毒性肝炎,及时发现原发病复发等问题。     

非酶糖基化终末产物抑制大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞睾酮的生成

目的:研究非酶糖基化终末产物受体(RAGE)在大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞上的表达及非酶糖基化终末产物(AGEs)对大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞睾酮合成的抑制作用。方法:原代培养大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞,RT-PCR和免疫荧光技术检测RACE在大鼠Leydig细胞上表达,不同浓度AGEs处理Leydig细胞(25、50、100、200μg/ml),ELISA法测定睾酮分泌量。结果:RT-PCR和免疫荧光结果表明RAGE在大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞上表达,不同浓度AGEs处理后,人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)诱导的Leydig细胞睾酮合成量呈剂量浓度依赖性下降,与对照组相比,50、100、200μg/ml AGEs处理组差异显著(P0.01)。结论:大鼠Leydig细胞上存在RAGE受体,AGEs显著抑制原代培养大鼠Leydig细胞睾酮的分泌。     

我国本科毕业护士就业现状分析及展望

对我国本科护士的就业特点、本科护士对目前工作的态度以及用人单位对本科护士的评价进行综述,揭示出现目前本科护士就业现状包括就业率高中有降,考研率低中有升;就业方向仍存单一性,但有多元化发展的趋势;重三甲、大型公立医院,轻二级、社区医院等;而本科护士对于目前工作满意度低的原因包括经济收入、福利待遇方面不理想,缺乏发展空间,对专业前景持悲观态度等.提出应对本科护生的就业取向提供帮助,对本科护士在工作中的自我完善提出展望,同时对教育机构及用人单位的决策提供建设性的建议.     

Impact of the Reconstruction Material on the Patency of Middle Hepatic Vein in Living Donor Liver Transplantation Using the Right Liver

BackgroundA right liver graft with middle hepatic vein (MHV) reconstruction is the standard graft for adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). The patency of reconstructed MHV affects the recovery and regeneration of graft. The aim of the study is to evaluate the patency rate of reconstructed MHV according to the reconstruction material in LDLT using the right liver.MethodsThe data was collected retrospectively on 521 patients who underwent LDLT with right liver graft form August 2003 to December 2012 at the Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital in Seoul. Two serial comparisons were performed. At first, patients were divided into 2 groups: biologic graft group (n = 252) and synthetic graft group (n = 177). Second, patients were divided into 6 groups: No MHV reconstruction (n = 92); MHV was reconstructed by greater saphenous vein (GSV) (n = 20); recipient’s portal vein (PV) (n = 219); cryopreserved iliac artery (CIA) (n = 2); cryopreserved iliac vein (CIV) (n = 11); polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft (n = 105); and polyethylene terephthalate (PETE) graft (n = 72). We compared the patency of reconstructed MHV among these groups by computed tomography angiography at 7 days, 20 days, 90 days, and 1 year.ResultsAt the first comparison, the patency rate of the biologic graft group on the seventh postoperative day was 61.9%, and the synthetic graft group was 72.4% (P = .029). At postoperative 1 year, the patency rate of the biologic graft group was 42.9%, and the synthetic graft group was 24.1% (P = .001). At the second comparison, the MHV patency of GSV, PV, CIA, CIV, PTFE, and PETE was 65.0%, 62.5%, 50%, 63.6%, 75%, 72% on the seventh postoperative days (P = .318); 60%, 57.1%, 50%, 54.5%, 69%, 55.6% on the 20th postoperative days (P = .444); 40%, 48.8%, 50%, 27.3%, 47%, 34.1% on the 90th postoperative days (P = .294); and 30%, 45.2%, 50%, 27.3%, 27%, 26.4% at 1 postoperative year (P = .008).ConclusionAlthough there was no statistical difference in comparison of each material, there were significant differences in MHV patency rates between the biologic and the synthetic group. Therefore, the synthetic graft could be considered in living donor liver transplantation with MHV reconstruction.     

综合评估慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期中医证型与疾病程度及预后的相关性

目的:运用综合评估法分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期中医证型与病情程度及预后的相关性。方法:将符合纳入标准的200例患者分为肺气虚、肺脾气虚、肺肾气虚及肺肾气阴两虚四组,观察1年前后患者肺功能、mMRC分级、CAT评分,并进行数据整理及统计分析。结果:肺肾气虚证、肺肾气阴两虚证患者较肺气虚证、肺脾气虚证患者肺功能分级重且FEV1下降更明显、出现呼吸困难症状重且程度进展快、对生活质量影响较大且影响增加更显著,但肺气虚证与肺脾气虚证、肺肾气虚证与肺肾气阴两虚证之间无明显差异。结论:慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期中医证型与疾病程度及预后存在相关性。     

口服谷氨酰胺颗粒对烧创伤患者的疗效及安全性分析

目的观察口服谷氨酰胺(Gln)颗粒对烧(创)伤及大手术患者的疗效及可能发生的不良反应.方法采用随机双盲、安慰剂对照法,将受试患者分为Gln组和对照组,每组60例,两组患者采用等氮、等热量的营养支持.Gln组口服或管饲Gln 0.5 g·kg-1·d-1,对照组使用同等剂量的安慰剂甘氨酸,疗程均为7 d.比较用药前后两组患者肠黏膜屏障功能、蛋白代谢、免疫功能、肝和肾功能的变化及不良反应等. 结果伤后两组患者血浆Gln浓度明显低于正常值,而血浆二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性、内毒素含量、肠黏膜通透性[尿乳果糖/甘露醇(L/M)]及尿氮排量均明显增高;但Gln组用药7 d后血浆Gln浓度与用药前比较增加38.04%(P＜0.01).Gln组血浆前白蛋白、转铁蛋白及白细胞介素2(IL-2)含量均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),升幅分别为21.19%、51.11%、57.54%.血浆DAO活性、L/M比值、内毒素含量及尿氮排量明显低于对照组,降幅分别为47.26%、52.18%、22.22%、27.78%(P＜0.05或0.01).两组患者的血浆总蛋白、白蛋白、血尿常规及肝、肾功能在用约前后变化不明显(P＞0.05).用药后有少数患者出现轻微不良反应如恶心、腹泻和便秘等,2～3 d后自行缓解,两组间比较,差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论口服Gln能显著提高患者血浆Gln浓度,明显减轻伤后肠黏膜受损程度,并能促进机体蛋白合成,降低蛋白分解,提高机体免疫功能,且临床应用无明显不良反应.     

创伤及内毒素对大鼠肠屏障功能的损害

目的　探讨创伤合并感染对机体肠屏障功能的损害作用。方法　随机、对照性实验。雄性成年SD大鼠 3 5只 ,分为对照组 (Con)及肠内营养 (EN)、静脉营养 (PN)和脓血症组 (Sep)。后三组做成静脉营养模型 ,施以不同损害刺激。结果　Sep组小肠黏膜损害最重 ,内毒素导致EN、Sep组血浆中一氧化氮升高 ,分别为 10 3 .3 9、113 .3 3 μmol/L ;Sep组小肠通透性和细菌易位率增加 ,分别为 4.0 0 %和 83 .3 3 %。EN组肠屏障损害显著减轻。结论　静脉营养 1周导致大鼠小肠黏膜萎缩 ,肠通透性增加 ;内毒素加重了创伤大鼠肠屏障功能损害 ,可能与体内一氧化氮产生增多有关 ;肠道喂养显著减轻了肠屏障功能损伤     

乳管镜下浆细胞性乳管炎的分型及临床研究

目的探讨乳管内窥镜对诊断及治疗浆细胞性乳腺炎的临床价值。方法对250例乳头溢液患者行乳管内窥镜检查,对其中95例浆细胞性乳腺炎患者在乳管内窥镜下对乳管内病变的特点予以分析并加以分型研究。结果95例浆细胞性乳腺炎患者中,Ⅰ型患者21例(22．1％),Ⅱ型患者43例(45．3％),Ⅲ型患者18例(18．9％),Ⅳ型患者13例(13．7％)。非手术治疗83例,症状完全缓解45例,好转38例。手术治疗12例,均病理证实,其中5例伴有中、重度不典型增生。结论乳管内窥镜可以对浆细胞性乳腺炎患者做出明确的诊断,并可对病变乳管进行定位,提示手术指征,使绝大多数患者避免手术,对需要手术活检的患者可缩小手术范围,是临床上一种不可缺少的辅助诊断方法。