大脑中动脉动脉瘤破裂并颅内血肿的急诊手术治疗

目的探讨大脑中动脉（MCA）动脉瘤破裂伴颅内血肿的临床特征、外科治疗方法。方法回顾性分析15例MCA动脉瘤破裂伴颅内血肿患者的临床资料,按术前Hunt-Hess分级,其中Ⅲ级3例,Ⅳ级10例,V级2例;血肿量为25～60ml,平均35ml;螺旋CT血管造影（CTA）确诊,所有病人给予急诊手术治疗。结果术后发生颞叶大面积梗死1例,丘脑梗死1例,严重血管痉挛4例。术后随访3～48月,GOS评分：恢复良好8例,中残4例,重残1例,植物生存1例,死亡1例。结论MCA动脉瘤破裂合并血肿的患者,病情多危重,应急诊开颅手术;CTA能快速确诊并指导手术;清除血肿＋去骨瓣减压术,可尽早解除高颅内压,减轻继发性脑损伤,同时夹闭动脉瘤,有效预防致命的再出血,提高治疗效果。     

维甲酸改善单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾脏损害的研究

目的:探讨维甲酸对单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)大鼠肾小管间质损害的保护作用.方法:成年清洁级雄性SD大鼠45只,随机分为假手术组(S组)、UUO组(U组)和治疗组(T组),每组15只.假手术组行左输尿管游离,不结扎;UUO组和治疗组行左输尿管结扎.治疗组术后每天给予5 mg/kg全反式维甲酸(ATRA)皮下注射,假手术组和UUO组注射同体积溶剂.于术后第3、7、14 d观察肾小管损害、肾间质炎性细胞浸润程度,免疫组化法观察病变肾组织趋化因子RANTES和TGF-β1表达.结果:与UUO组相比,治疗组肾间质炎性细胞浸润和肾小管损害程度显著减轻(P＜0.01),肾组织RANTES和TGF-β1表达显著降低(P＜0.01～0.05).结论:维甲酸能减少UUO大鼠肾间质炎性细胞浸润,减轻肾小管损害,抑制RANTES和TGF-β1表达,从而减轻肾脏炎症反应和纤维化.     

全国首台AP1000核电机组安装后周围生活饮用水及食品中90Sr和137Cs放射性水平调查

目的 调查分析全国首台AP1000核电机组安装后周围生活饮用水中⁹⁰Sr和¹³⁷Cs及食品中¹³⁷Cs放射性水平及变化。方法 2012—2019年,选取全国首台AP1000核电机组所在的三门核电站周围的4个生活饮用水监测点,分别在丰水期和枯水期采集并测定⁹⁰Sr和¹³⁷Cs放射性活度浓度;采集当地产大米、包菜、鲫鱼和鲻鱼,测定分析¹³⁷Cs放射性活度浓度。结果 2012—2019年,生活饮用水中⁹⁰Sr和¹³⁷Cs放射性活度浓度范围分别为1.2~9.8、0.2~8.1 mBq/L;食品中¹³⁷Cs放射性活度浓度为1.1×10^-2~2.8×10^-1 Bq/kg,小于《食品中放射性物质限制浓度标准》（GB 14882-94）限制浓度。结论 全国首台AP1000核电机组安装后周围生活饮用水中⁹⁰Sr和¹³⁷Cs及食品中¹³⁷Cs放射性水平平稳,调查数据显示未发现对环境带来影响。     

语言刺激的功能性MR成像在自闭症诊断中的潜在应用价值

目的对自闭症病人给予被动性语言刺激,评价采用功能性磁共振(MR)成像作为判断病人有无语言缺陷的客观指标的可行性。材料与方法本研究为前瞻性研究,研究方     

Brain abscess and necrotic brain tumor: discrimination with proton MR spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted imaging

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Discriminating pyogenic brain abscesses from cystic or necrotic tumors is sometimes difficult with CT or MR imaging. We compared findings of proton MR spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) with those of diffusion-weighted imaging to determine which technique was more effective for this differential diagnosis. METHODS: Fourteen patients (necrotic or cystic tumor [n = 7]; pyogenic abscess [n = 7]) who underwent 1.5-T (1)H-MRS and diffusion-weighted imaging and had findings of ring-shaped enhancement after contrast agent administration were enrolled in this study. Diffusion-weighted imaging was performed with a single-shot spin-echo echo-planar pulse sequence (b = 1000 s/mm(2)). The apparent diffusion coefficient and ratio were also measured. RESULTS: Spectra for two patients were unacceptable because of either poor shimming conditions or contamination from neighboring fat. Spectra in three of five patients with abscess had lactate, amino acids (including valine, alanine, and leucine), and acetate peaks; one of the three spectra had an additional peak of succinate. In one patient with abscess treated by antibiotics, only lactate and lipid peaks were detected. Spectra for four of seven patients with cystic or necrotic tumors showed only lactate peaks. Lactate and lipids were found in three patients with tumors. Hyperintensity was seen in all the pyogenic abscess cavities and hypointensity in all the cystic and necrotic tumors on diffusion-weighted images. CONCLUSION: (1)H-MRS and diffusion-weighted imaging are useful for differentiating brain abscess from brain tumor, but the latter requires less time and is more accurate than is (1)H-MRS. (1)H-MRS is probably more limited in cases of smaller peripheral lesions, skull base lesions, and treated abscesses.     

大肠侧向发育型肿瘤细胞株的建立及其鉴定

目的 为了深入研究大肠侧向发育型肿瘤(LST)细胞的生物学特性及其发生发展的机制。方法采用人LST组织进行肿瘤细胞建株及细胞分离与原代培养,传代至70代进行细胞鉴定．包括细胞的形态结构分析、染色体分析和免疫组化分析等,并与非LST细胞作对比。结果 LST细胞为上皮来源的肿瘤细胞,多形性上皮细胞占大多数,其有近似肿瘤细胞的生长特性,群体倍增时间为36h;染色体数量为42-66,85％在三倍体范围内,并具有异常染色体核型;免疫组织化学观察ESA、CK20均呈阳性;超微结构具肿瘤细胞样表现和特征。结论成功建立了1个LST细胞株,并命名为LST-R1细胞,为进一步深入研究LST细胞的生物学特性及大肠癌的发生发展机制奠定了基础。     

Primary aortoduodenal fistula caused by tuberculous aortitis presenting as recurrent massive gastrointestinal bleeding

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding from primary aortoduodenal fistula (PADF) is unusual and fatal. The etiology of PADF from tuberculous aortitis is rare. We report a 69-year-old male patient who suffered recurrent hematemesis and hematochezia with hypovolemic shock of unknown origin. Initial endoscopy failed to lead to a diagnosis. A bleeder over the third portion of the duodenum was found after the third endoscopy. Exploratory laparotomy showed a ruptured aortic pseudoaneurysm with an aortoduodenal fistula. Dacron graft repair of the aorta and simple closure of the duodenal fistula were carried out. Pathologic examination revealed tuberculous aortitis. The patient survived and was symptom-free following operation and antituberculous therapy. Review of the literature revealed that the clinical presentations in this disorder are insidious. The endoscopic findings are atypical. We conclude that so-called "herald bleeding", a history of tuberculous infection or aortic aneurysm and a high degree of suspicion are critical for successful diagnosis. Early diagnosis and surgical exploration are needed for timely and successful management.     

Maleimide and maleic anhydride derivatives from the mycelia of Antrodia cinnamomea and their nitric oxide inhibitory activities in macrophages

On cultivation of the fungus Antrodia cinnamomea (BCRC 36799) on a medium, the mycelium was extracted and evaluated for nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity. Bioactivity-directed fractionation led to the isolation of two new maleimide derivatives, antrocinnamomins A (1) and B (2), and two new maleic anhydride derivatives, antrocinnamomins C (3) and D (4), along with three known compounds, 3-isobutyl-4-[4-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)phenyl]furan-2,5-dione (5), 3-isobutyl-4-[4-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)phenyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (6), and 3-isobutyl-4-[4-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)phenyl]-1H-pyrrol-1-ol-2,5-dione (7). Structural elucidation of compounds 1-4 was carried out by spectroscopic data. Compound 1 displayed significant inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production.