尿纤维蛋白降解产物（FDP）半定量测定在诊断膀胱癌中意义的临床研究

目的：探讨尿中纤维蛋白降解产物在诊断膀胱癌中的意义，寻求对人群进行膀胱癌筛查的简易、有效的方法：方法：以乳胶凝集半定量测定法分别测定正常人、良性血尿患者、膀胱癌患者各50人尿中FDP浓度。结果：正常对照组中42例尿FDP〈2μg/ml、8例2μg／ml；良性血尿组尿FDP浓度35例〈2μg／ml、12为2μg／ml、3例4μg／ml；膀胱癌组：6例2μg／ml、11例4μg/ml、26例8μg/ml、7例16μg／ml。膀胱癌组与正常对照组和良性血尿组之间FDP浓度具有显著性差异：进行比较，（P值分别为〈0．01、〈0．05）。结论：检测尿FDP浓度是一种简单有效的检出膀胱癌的方法，可望用于健康人群普查以便于早期发现膀胱癌。     

中国HCV5′-非编码区复合酶切分型及其3b基因型序列分析

目的　研究中国丙型肝炎病毒 (HCV)不同基因型感染分布情况 ,并对 3b序列进行分析。方法　采用逆转录 聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)技术扩增HCV5’NCR 1a、1b、2a、2b、3a、3b、4a、6a不同基因型的cDNA及 187份HCVRNA阳性样品中cDNA。A应用BHH (BsrBI、HaeⅡ、HinfI)复合内切酶消化 5′ NCRcDNA ,B应用BstUⅠ消化 ,C应用HaeⅢ消化 ,电泳检测片段大小。结果　 187例HCVRNA阳性患者ABC分型结果表明 ,1b型感染率占 6 7 38% ,2a型 12 30 % ,1b/ 2a型为5 88% ,3b型 5 35 % ,2b型 3 2 1% ,2a/ 2b、1b/ 2b型各为 2 14 % ,1a型 1 0 7,6a型 0 5 4 %。 3份 3b基因型 5’ NCRA T克隆测序结果表明 ,3株 3b型之间同源性为 99 5 4 %～ 10 0 %。其中chiKQ5 0与GI5 14 395 3a株为 96 2 8%与GI6 76 8773b株同源性为 98 6 % ,与 1a型为 93 4 9% ,与 1b型为94 88% ,与 2a型为 91 6 3% ,与 2b型为 89 30 % ,与 4a型为 95 35 % ,与 6a型为 93 4 % ,结论　研究结果表明该项分型技术既保证了RT PCR检测灵敏度 ,又具有良好的分型效果。提示 :该分型方法不仅适合中国HCV基因型检测 ,对亚洲及欧洲和非洲HCV分型研究也具有一定的参考价值     

丙型肝炎病毒抗体诊断试剂盒(EIAgen HCV Ab Kit)的可信度分析

目的 分析丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)抗体酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)诊断试剂盒(EIAgen HCV Ab Kit)的可信度.方法 应用考核试剂EIAgen HCV Ab Kit和参比试剂Ortho HCV 3.0 ELISA对2 881例样本进行检测,检测结果不一致时,应用重组免疫印迹试验(RIBA)确证.所用试剂为RIBA(R)HCV 3.0 SIA或核酸试验(NAT),并对结果进行综合分析.结果 2 881例样本中,阳性样本333例,阴性样本2 539例,9例不确定的样本被剔除.考核试剂检测真阳性333例,无假阴性结果,真阴性2 527例,假阳性12例.考核试剂灵敏度为100.00%,高于参比试剂;特异性为99.53%,略低于参比试剂.考核试剂对部分国内常见HCV基因型的灵敏度为100.00%,对于非HCV感染的病毒性肝炎、自身免疫性疾病及妊娠样本具有良好的特异性,特异性均为100.00%.溶血、脂血样本对考核试剂检测结果无影响.考核试剂阳性预测值为96.52%,阴性预测值为100.00%,符合率为99.58%.考核试剂S/CO≥5.9的样本301例,其中用参比试剂检测S/CO≥3.8占88.70%;考核试剂S/CO＜5.9的样本32例,其中用参比试剂检测S/CO＜3.8占87.50%.结论 试剂EIAgen HCV Ab Kit灵敏度100.00%,特异性较好,是一种优质的抗-HCVELISA试剂,尤其适用于阳性样本的筛选.采用EIAgen HCV Ab Kit试剂检测样本,当S/CO≥5.9时,样本的阳性预测值比较高.     

Soft x-ray instrumentation and its applications at the advanced photon source

Knowledge of the intermediate energy range from 0.5-4 keV, bridging the "soft" and "hard" x-ray regions, is relatively underdeveloped. However, recent developments in the techniques of microscopy and magnetic circular dichroism have emphasized the need to operate in this energy range for microelectronic, biological, and materials science related experiments. The strong dipole-allowed 3d to 4f transitions in rare-earth magnetic materials fall in this region, as do the K-shells of many of the second and third row elements of the periodic table. Two beamlines to be constructed at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) have been designed to cover this energy region. The proposed undulator source, the beamline layout, and the experimental programs for these beamlines are described.     

硫酸氢氯吡格雷改善慢性稳定型心绞痛患者阿司匹林抵抗的临床研究

目的研究硫酸氢氯吡格雷（秦嘉）对慢性稳定型心绞痛阿司匹林抵抗患者的治疗价值。方法610例慢性稳定型心绞痛患者依照血小板聚集率分为阿司匹林敏感（AS）者和阿司匹林抵抗（AR）者,将138例AR者随机分为阿司匹林治疗组（AR—A组）、泰嘉治疗组和泰嘉联合阿司匹林治疗组（AR～C组）。472例AS者中随机选取40例设为对照组。4组患者给予严格的药物治疗后随访1年,观察4组患者在治疗前后的血小板聚集率变化,以及治疗后缺血性心脑血管病的发生率和出血性事件的发生率。治疗1月后行12导联24h动态心电图检查,计算24h内缺血型ST段变化的次数、持续时间、心肌缺血总负荷。结果泰嘉可以有效地降低慢性稳定型心绞痛AR患者的血小板聚集率（P〈0．01）;较少发生缺血性心脑血管事件（P〈0．01）,且不增加出血事件的发生（P〉0．05）。对存在AR的慢性稳定型心绞痛患者,单用泰嘉和联合服用阿司匹林治疗,其缺血性ST段变化的次数、持续时间及心肌缺血总负荷明显低于单用阿司匹林治疗（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论泰嘉与阿司匹林联合使用不仅安全,而且能提高慢性稳定型心绞痛AR患者的临床疗效。     

Mechanisms of Panax ginseng in preventing rat pheochromocytoma cells from apoptosis

Aims of the study

Although ginseng root possesses dominant central therapeutic effects and has recently undergone investigations for treating different neuronal diseases, most of its mechanisms are still unknown. Therefore, the neuroprotective mechanisms of ginseng were studied.

Materials and methods

The protection afforded by different methanol extracts of Panax ginseng (PG) was tested in a serum deprivation-induced apoptotic model using neuronal-like pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. An MTT assay, annexin V-FITC staining, and Western blots were, respectively, applied to identify the viability of cells, the apoptotic form of cell death, and the activity of antiapoptotic signaling.

Results

The known antiapoptotic PI3-K/Akt and MEK/ERK pathways in this system were ruled out due to failure of LY 294002 and PD 98059 to block the protection by PG. A protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor was found to block the protection by PG and PG-induced CREB phosphorylation, suggesting that the PKA/CREB pathway mediates the protective effect of PG. Downregulation of classical and novel PKCs failed to block the protection by PG, while an atypical PKC inhibitor blocked protection by PG.

Conclusions

PKA and atypical PKC are important for the protection afforded by PG in preventing serum deprivation-induced PC12 cell apoptosis.     

Ligusticum chuanxiong as a potential neuroprotectant for preventing serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in rat pheochromocytoma cells: Functional roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Ligusticum chuanxiong (LC) as a common component in many traditional Chinese medicinal formulas and decoctions has been used to treat different central nervous diseases, suggesting a neuroprotective function.

Aim of the study

To investigate the functional roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in mediating the neuroprotection of LC.

Materials and methods

Different extractions of LC were applied with or without MAPK inhibitor to test their protection against serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in rat neuronal-like pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells as revealed by an MTT assay or Hoechst staining. Western blot was used to identify the activations of MAPKs.

Results

The most effective butanol extraction (LC-BuOH) was used in the following experiments. LC-BuOH reversed serum deprivation-induced decreased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and increased phosphorylation of c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, the family of MAPKs. A PKA inhibitor, blocked the protection of LC-BuOH and partially blocked LC-BuOH-induced alterations in MAPKs, suggesting that the LC-BuOH regulates MAPKs through both PKA-dependent and -independent pathways. Although PD 98059, an inhibitor of MEK which activates ERK, blocked LC-BuOH-induced ERK phosphorylation, it did not block the protection of LC-BuOH.

Conclusions

LC-BuOH mediates protection by suppressing JNK/p38 instead of activating ERK activity.     

The effects of interfering in COX-2 gene expression on malignant proliferation of the human lung adenocarcinoma A2 cell in vitro

Objective： We explored the interfering effect of COX-2 gene expression and the influence on the malignant proliferation of A2 cells by RNAi after quenching COX-2 in vitro. Methods： COX-2 was selected as the subject. Three COX-2 siRNA expression vectors with human U6 promoter were constructed and three vectors and the vacant vector （pEGFP） were transfected into A2 cells with lipofectamine respectively. The cell strains transfected were constructed. The change of COX-2 expression levels was examined by Western blot and RT-PCR. The effects on the proliferation of A2 cells after silencing COX- 2 were studied by cell growth curve and clonogenic assay in vitro. Results： The three siRNA and U6 promoter cloned into pEGFP plasmid were validated by PCR, restriction endonucleases identification, DNA sequencing and BLAST alignment. The cell strains transfected were named as A2-3, A2-7, A2-10 and A2-p respectively. Green fluorescence was seen in A2-p cells and not in A2-3, A2-7 and A2-10 cells in 24, 48 and 72 h after transfected. The results of RT-PCR and Western blot showed the three siRNA expression vectors produced effects and the expression of COX-2 was inhibited in different extent. In contrast to A2 cells, the levels of COX-2 mRNA of A2-3, A2-7 and A2-10 cells reduced 15.6%, 20.4% and 64.2% respectively; the levels of COX-2 protein of A2-3, A2-7 and A2-10 cells reduced 23.7%, 36.7% and 60.2% respectively. The results of cell growth curve and clonogenic assay showed the growth of A2-10 cell slowed and the colonial formation rate reduced but the growth of A2-3 and A2-7 cells had not obvious changes in contrast to the controls （A2 and A2-p）. Conclusion： Silencing the COX-2 gene in vitro by RNAi technique can significantly inhibit the malignant proliferation of A2 cells.     

Inhibition of Histone Methyltransferase G9a Attenuates Noise-Induced Cochlear Synaptopathy and Hearing Loss

Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology - Posttranslational modification of histones alters their interaction with DNA and nuclear proteins, influencing gene expression and cell...     

改良自乳化溶剂扩散法制备MePEG-PLA纳米粒对成骨细胞的毒性

背景:两亲性嵌段聚合物由于其较强的载药能力强、纳米级大小、血液中长循环等优点在载药系统中得到广泛的应用。目的:评估改良自乳化溶剂扩散法制备的甲氧基封端的聚乙二醇-聚乳酸(MePEG-PLA)纳米粒对人骨肉瘤细胞MG63的毒性。方法:通过改良自乳化溶剂扩散法制备MePEG-PLA纳米粒,MTS法测定纳米粒培养1,2,3d后对MG63的毒性。激光粒度分析仪测定纳米颗粒的粒径大小、粒径分布及Zeta电位;透射电镜表征纳米胶束外观形态;酶标仪检测培养1,2,3d细胞吸光度值。结果与结论:MePEG-PLA纳米粒的平均粒径为25.7nm,分布均匀,呈球形,Zeta电位为-8.06mV,MePEG-PLA毒性为0级。提示改良自乳化溶剂扩散法制备纳米粒简单易行,制备的纳米粒无毒,具有良好的应用前景。