老年认知功能障碍与脑结构CT测量的相关性研究

目的探讨脑萎缩与老年认知功能障碍之间的相关性。方法对开滦集团公司1063名离退休职工进行健康查体,用简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评定认知功能,按分界值将本次研究对象分为认知功能障碍组和认知功能正常组,同时用CT线性测量脑的相关部位以诊断脑萎缩情况,并对各型脑萎缩与认知功能的相关系数及提示老年认知功能障碍的敏感度、特异度、准确度进行分析。结果1063名观察对象中符合入选标准并资料完整者共计511名,其中108名有认知功能障碍,髓质脑萎缩55名、皮质萎缩5名、混合型萎缩30名;认知功能正常者403名,髓质脑萎缩214名、皮质萎缩13名、混合型萎缩62名。认知功能障碍组脑萎缩的发病率高于认知功能正常组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.005);2组间颞叶海马钩回间距(26.86mm±3.73mmvs25.95mm±3.80mm)及海马钩回间距/大脑左右径的比值(0.21±0.02vs0.20±0.02)差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);海马钩回间距、皮质脑萎缩、混合型脑萎缩与认知功能障碍呈负相关(分别为r=-0.094,P=0.034,r=-0.156,P≈0.000,r=-0.147,P≈0.000),以海马钩回间距20mm提示老年认知功能障碍的敏感度最高(98.14%),混合型脑萎缩的特异度(84.86%)、准确度最高(72.80%)。结论CT测量相关脑结构,判断脑萎缩类型可以为老年认知功能障碍的诊断提供有价值的信息。     

Characteristics of teenage mothers and predictors of breastfeeding initiation in the Michigan WIC Program in 1995. Women, Infants, and Children.

Although breast milk is recommended as the optimal source of infant nutrition, breastfeeding initiation is below recommended levels, especially among teenage mothers. Breastfeeding initiation rates among Michigan (US) teenage mothers (12-19 y) were compared by demographics and health behaviors. Multivariate analyses determined which factors were significant independent predictors of breastfeeding initiation among teenage mothers enrolled prenatally in the Michigan Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program in 1995. Significant predictors independently associated with breastfeeding initiation were race/ethnicity, education, marital status, postpartum anemia status, parity, prenatal trimester of WIC enrollment, and smoking. The strongest predictor of breastfeeding initiation differed for white mothers (positive predictor: education beyond high school [OR = 3.13]) and black mothers (negative predictor: multiparous [OR = 0.25]). Initiation rates for this population of teenage mothers fall below the national average for mothers of all ages and the US Healthy People 2010 goals. Research is needed concerning how breastfeeding support and education can be improved to reach the US national health goals.     

3种常用化疗药对正常大鼠血清胃泌素及D-木糖醇浓度的影响

目的：观察3种常用化疗药对正常大鼠血清胃泌素及D-木糖醇浓度的影响。方法：将动物随机分为4组，即对照组、ETX组、5-Fu组和THP组，检测胃泌素及D-木糖醇浓度等指标。结果：3组化疗组上述指标与对照组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论：正常大鼠用ETX、5-Fu和THP，血清胃泌素及D-木糖醇浓度明显减低，从临床表现、胃肠功能方面提示3种常用化疗药可导致正常大鼠脾虚证的发生。     

Treatment of severe subglottic laryngotracheal stenosis using hyoid graft with sternohyoid muscle flap]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possibility and reliability of the hyoid-sternohyoid graft transfer in the correction of server subglottic laryngotracheal stenosis, and delineate the operation skills and clinical results. METHODS: Seven patients with severe subglottic stenosis underwent laryngotracheal reconstruction using the hyoid grafts with sternohyoid muscle flaps (HG-SHMF). Five of these patients had traumatic subglottic stenosis, one with scar tissue of unknown etiology arising in the subglottic region, another with tracheal narrowing caused by inhalation of hydrochloric acid. RESULTS: All seven patients were successfully decannulated with moderate good voice. The average time from reconstruction to decannulation was 15.4 months. The stent was endoscopically removed with a range of 3 to 22 months; the mean time required for stenting was 9.6 months. Two patients who received additional salvage reconstruction procedures because of graft or stent displacement were extubated with improved voices and satisfactory airway. CONCLUSIONS: The HG-SHMF transfer was a single-stage reconstruction, relatively simple procedure that can restore an adequate airway and a good voice. Patients undergoing laryngotracheal reconstruction with HG-SHMF must have regular, long-term follow-up since graft displacement and recurrent granulation tissue or scar reformation can cause restenosis after an initially successful surgery. This procedure should be used in a large number of patients to further test its reliability.     

单甲氧聚乙二醇化学修饰药物酶的研究进展

用单甲氧基聚乙二醉(1)化学修饰药物酶是生化药物研究开发的重要手段之一。本文综述了1化学修饰药物酶的一般方法及修饰后酶在生物和理化性质方面的变化，同时对1研究前景进行展望，并指出了尚待解决的问题。     

Importance of an immunodominant surface-exposed loop on outer membrane protein P2 of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae.

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) frequently causes recurrent infections of the respiratory tract in humans. Previous indirect evidence suggested that a strain-specific immune response occurs following infection and that this immune response is directed at an immunodominant epitope on the bacterial surface. To test this hypothesis, mice and rabbits were immunized with whole cells of a strain of NTHI and the antiserum was characterized to identify the antigens to which antibodies were directed. All animals made a prominent antibody response to the loop 5 region of the P2 molecule, which is the major outer membrane protein. Rabbit serum showed complement-dependent bactericidal activity. Adsorption of the immune serum with the loop 5 fusion peptide removed bactericidal activity and also abolished reactivity to P2 detected by an immunoblot assay, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and a radioimmunoprecipitation assay. These data indicate that immunization with whole cells of NTHI results in a prominent antibody response which is directed at epitopes on the loop 5 region of the P2 molecule. Thus, a strain-specific immune response to NTHI occurs as a result of the expression of an immunodominant epitope on the P2 molecule.     

牙源性脓肿标本中的产黑色素类杆菌群菌株分离鉴定

本文对４４例牙源性脓肿（尖周脓肿２４例，牙周脓肿１２例，冠周脓肿８例）脓液标本中的产黑色素类杆菌群菌株进行分离、培养、鉴定。其中３８例存在产黑菌群，以中间型类杆菌阳性率最高。牙龈类杆菌在牙周脓肿中检出率最高。２４例尖周脓肿可分离出６株牙髓类杆菌而其它两种牙源性脓肿则无牙髓类杆菌，推测该菌与牙髓尖周感染的病理过程有关。     

牛胎盘中肝细胞生长因子的纯化

用高速离心、分段盐析、亲和层析、超滤和阴离子交换层析法，从牛胎盘中分离纯化出一种肝细胞生长因子。结果表明，此因子的最终得率为０．００５ｍｇ／ｇ牛胎盘，其分子量约为９９０００ｕ，它能强烈刺激原代培养大鼠肝细胞的ＤＮＡ合成。提示利用自制的亲和层析凝胶，通过此提纯流程可以得到一种肝细胞生长因子。     

Identification of Leishmania donovani isolates from different kala-azar foci in China by kDNA hybridization.

kDNA sequence homology of Leishmania donovani isolates from three types of kala-azar foci in China were analyzed by using dot and Southern hybridization with biotin- and 32P-labelled probes. The results revealed kDNA sequence heterogeneity among Leishmania donovani isolates from the three kala-azar foci: sequence homology between isolates of hill and desert foci was higher than that between hill and plain foci isolates. The kDNA hybridization technique was also found to be specific and sensitive for direct identification of Leishmania in animal tissues. In a preliminary survey, kDNA hybridization of cutaneous tissue blots of 71 dogs from endemic regions showed a positive rate of 40.8%, and the rate of double positive cases (touch blot hybridization and bone marrow smear) reached 91.3%. The direct identification of Leishmania in tissues by kDNA hybridization seems to be a useful and convenient method for epidemiological study and clinical diagnosis, especially for species/strain characterization.     

单片机自动灌流系统设计及其医学应用

介绍一种用单片机构成的自动灌流控制系统。它以灌流压为控制指标，以ＬＤＢ－Ｍ电子蠕动泵作为执行机构，构成闭环控制系统，能实现用户设定的各种液流压曲线。系统内采用了ＥＥＰＲＯＭ存储器，可对用户设定的多达１０条灌流曲线进行长期保存。