陕西省宝鸡市居民膳食营养与慢性病关系调查分析

目的 了解陕西省宝鸡市居民膳食营养相关情况,为制订相关慢性病防控措施提供科学依据.方法 采用抽样调查、半定量食物频率调查法和营养成分分析等方法进行调查.结果 共调查5 020人.陕西省宝鸡市居民对蔬菜类、水果类、鱼虾类、奶类等摄入量不足,分别为平均每人每天摄入213.5、126.8、5.2、50.7 g,而对食用油和盐摄入量超标,分别为52.6、9.5 g;不同性别对谷类、蔬菜类、豆类、奶类、油等摄入量比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,城市与农村比较,除油外,其余差异也均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;对维生素A、B2、B6和叶酸、钙等摄入量明显不足,对钠摄入量显著超过推荐量,不同性别对营养素摄入量比较,差异也有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;居民中超体质量者占27.0%,肥胖者占5.4%.结论 应提倡居民增加蔬菜类、水果类、鱼虾类、奶类等食物的摄入,限制油和盐的摄入,通过合理膳食防控高血压、糖尿病等相关慢性病的发生.     

In vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of strictosamide from Nauclea officinalis

Context: Strictosamide is the main representative constituent of Nauclea officinalis Pierre ex Pitard (Rubiaceae), which has been used for a long time in China to treat diseases related to infection and inflammation, but its pharmacological activities are not well studied.

Objective: This work evaluates the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of strictosamide by in vivo experiments.

Materials and methods: The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed in mice by models of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema, acetic acid-elevated vascular permeability, and carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC–Na)-induced leukocyte migration. The analgesic activity was estimated in mice using acetic acid-induced writhing and hot-plate tests. Compound was injected to mice twice a day for 3?d at doses of 10, 20, and 40?mg/kg.

Results: At 20 and 40?mg/kg, strictosamide obviously decreased the TPA-induced mice ear edema (24.7 and 28.1% inhibition, respectively), and significantly inhibited acetic acid-stimulated peritoneal vascular permeability in mice (23.3 and 33.4% inhibition, respectively). It also significantly decreased the leukocytes in the mice peritoneal cavity induced by CMC–Na at all the tested doses (46.0, 49.1, and 58.7% inhibition, respectively). To acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice, strictosamide markedly prolonged the pain latency at 20 and 40?mg/kg and decreased the writhing counts at 40?mg/kg (49.7% inhibition). However, it did not obviously improve the pain threshold of mice in hot-plate test.

Discussion and conclusion: Strictosamide may have important effects on inflammation and inflammatory pain. The results provide scientific support for the role of strictosamide in the use of N. officinalis to treat inflammatory diseases.     

微乳在经皮给药系统中的应用

微乳经皮给药是目前国内外药学工作者研究的重点,也是目前药物制剂研发热点之一。本文主要从微乳的组成、促渗机制、微乳在经皮给药中的应用3个方面进行了综述。微乳经皮给药具有很好的应用前景。     

A prospective,randomised, controlled multicentre study comparing cervical disc replacement with anterior cervical decompression and fusion

Purpose

Total cervical artificial disc replacement (TDR) simulates normal disc structure, thus avoiding the drawbacks of anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF). This prospective, randomized, controlled and multicentre study aimed to evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes by comparing cervical disc replacement using Mobi-C disc prostheses with ACDF.

Methods

This prospective, randomized, controlled and multicentre study consisted of 111 patients undergoing single-level Mobi-C disc prosthesis replacement (TDR group, n?=?55) or ACDF (n?=?56) from February 2008 to November 2009 at 11 medical centres across China. Patients were assessed before surgery, at seven days postoperation and one, three, six, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months postoperation. Clinical and neurological outcome was determined by measuring the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI). Static and dynamic radiographs were obtained of the cervical curvature, the functional spinal unit (FSU) angle and range of motion (ROM) of the cervical spine, FSU angle and treated and adjacent segments.

Results

A total of 111 patients were included and randomly assigned to either Mobi-C disc prosthesis replacement or ACDF. JOA, VAS and NDI showed statistically significant improvements 48 months after surgery (P?p?>?0.05). ROM in the ACDF group was significantly reduced at one month and remained so throughout the follow-up. By 48-months, more ACDF patients required secondary surgery (four of 56 patients).

Conclusions

Although ACDF may increase the risk of additional surgery, clinical outcomes indicated that both Mobi-C artificial cervical disc replacement and ACDF were reliable. Radiographic data showed that ROM of the cervical spine, FSU angle and treated and adjacent segments were relatively better reconstructed and maintained in the Mobi-C group compared with those in the ACDF group.     

Atypical Femoral Fractures: Transverse Morphology at Lateral Cortex Is a Critical Feature

In 2010, the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) task force defined major and minor features to assist in the case finding and reporting of atypical femoral fractures (AFFs). One major feature that was proposed was a “transverse or short oblique configuration.” Our primary aim was to compare the conventional overall fracture morphology (OFM) with its associated angle (OFMA) and our proposed lateral cortical fracture angle (LCFA) in the assessment of fracture configuration in suspected AFFs and non‐AFFs. The radiographs of 79 patients with AFFs and 39 patients with non‐AFFs were each analyzed by two blinded reviewers to obtain the OFM, OFMA, and LCFA. Using the overall fracture morphology to assess the suspected AFFs resulted in discordance between reviewers in 18 cases (22.8%), of which 5 (6.3%) were discordant between short oblique (>30° to 60°) and long oblique (>60° to 90°) configurations, therefore affecting their classifications as AFFs. By assessing only the critical component within the lateral cortex, all the suspected AFFs fell well within the classification as transverse fractures with a mean LCFA of 4.8° (range 0.3 to 18.0, SD = 4.23). The inter‐reader variability was also lower for LCFA versus OFMA (4.1° versus 6.9°, p = 0.001) when used to assess AFFs. Fracture angles were significantly different in AFFs versus non‐AFFs regardless of whether the OFMA or LCFA methodology was employed, but the greater difference associated with LCFA suggests its greater discriminating power. When LCFA was used in conjunction with 0° to 30° as the criteria for transverse morphology, all the AFFs and non‐AFFs were correctly classified. By using a standardized and precise method in measuring the fracture angle, specifically using only the component of the lateral cortex and limiting to truly transverse fractures, ie, between 0° and 30°, the LCFA is a robust and accurate method to assess the fracture morphology in suspected AFFs. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

Peptidoglycan recognition protein genes and risk of Parkinson's disease

Increased gut permeability, inflammation, and colonic α‐synuclein pathology are present in early Parkinson's disease (PD) and have been proposed to contribute to PD pathogenesis. Peptidoglycan is a structural component of the bacterial cell wall. Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) maintain healthy gut microbial flora by regulating the immune response to both commensal and harmful bacteria. We tested the hypothesis that variants in genes that encode PGRPs are associated with PD risk. Participants in two independent case‐control studies were genotyped for 30 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the four PGLYRP genes. Using logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for potential confounding variables, we conducted analyses in each study, separately and pooled. One SNP failed the assay, and three had little to no variation. The ORs were similar in both study populations. In pooled analyses, three of seven PGLYRP2 SNPs (rs3813135, rs733731, rs892145), one of five PGLYRP3 SNPs (rs2987763), and six of nine PGLYRP4 SNPs (rs10888557, rs12063091, rs3006440, rs3006448, rs3006458, and rs3014864) were significantly associated with PD risk. Association was strongest for PGLYRP4 5'untranslated region (UTR) SNP rs10888557 (GG reference, CG OR 0.6 [95%CI 0.4‐0.9], CC OR 0.15 [95%CI 0.04‐0.6]; log‐additive P‐trend, 0.0004). Common variants in PGLYRP genes are associated with PD risk in two independent studies. These results require replication, but they are consistent with hypotheses of a causative role for the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal immune response in PD. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society     

Prognostic Factors of Patients with Spinal Chondrosarcoma: A Retrospective Analysis of 98 Consecutive Patients in a Single Center

Purpose

Chondrosarcoma (CHS) in the spine is relatively rare and minimal information has been published in the literature regarding this subject. The objective of our study was to discuss the factors that may affect outcomes of patients with spinal CHS.

Methods

Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors for recurrence, distant metastasis, and survival of spinal CHS. T test, χ ² test and rank sum test were used to analyze a single factor for recurrence and metastasis, while survival rate was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Factors with p values of ≤0.1 were subjected to multivariate analyses by binary logistic regression analyses or Cox regression analyses. p Values of ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

A total of 98 patients with spinal CHS were included in the study. The mean follow-up period was 49.7 months (range 6–178). Recurrence was detected in 42 patients after initial surgery in our center, while distant metastasis and death occurred in 24 and 32 cases, respectively. The statistical analyses suggested that pathology grade III was closely related with distant metastasis which was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Total en bloc spondylectomy could significantly decrease the risk of recurrence, distant metastasis, and death of patients with spinal CHS.

Conclusions

Total en bloc spondylectomy could significantly decrease the risk of recurrence and distant metastasis, and meanwhile improve overall survival of spinal CHS. Distant metastasis which was closely associated with pathology grade III was an adverse prognostic factor for overall survival of spinal CHS.     

血卟啉单甲醚声动力疗法对兔耳增生性瘢痕的疗效

目的观察血卟啉单甲醚声动力疗法对兔耳增生性瘢痕（hyperplastic scar,HS）的疗效。方法成年大耳白兔60只,随机分成5组。在声动力治疗第2、4、6、8周分别切取两组瘢痕组织,进行指标检测。结果治疗组可降低成纤维细胞密度、瘢痕增生指数,与模型对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）,可降低胶原纤维的面密度,从上皮化后第4周开始与模型组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈O．01）。结论声动力效应能够显著降低兔耳HS,可望为HS治疗提供新的手段。     

Paris saponin VII inhibits growth of colorectal cancer cells through Ras signaling pathway

Dysregulation of the Ras signaling pathway plays a key role in the progression of colorectal cancer. When bound to GTP, Ras is activated and stimulates several downstream effectors’ pathways, including the Raf/MEK/ERK kinase cascade, the PI3-kinase/AKT/mTor pathway, and the Ral GTPase pathway. Saponins extracted from Liliaceae family herbs have strong antitumor activities with low toxicity. In this study, Paris saponin VII (PSVII), isolated from Trillium tschonoskii Maxim., was evaluated on human colorectal cancer cells (HT-29 and SW-620), a mouse model of colitis associated colorectal cancer (CACC) and a murine model of xenograft tumor. It was found that PSVII inhibited colorectal cancer cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC₅₀ values of PSVII for growth inhibition of HT-29 and SW-620 cells were 1.02 ± 0.05 μM and 4.90 ± 0.23 μM. It could induce cell apoptosis, together with cell cycle arrest in G₁ phase, and trigger apoptosis in a caspase-3-dependent manner. PSVII-induced growth inhibitory effect was associated with disturbance of MAPK pathway by down-regulating MEK1/2, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and suppression of AKT pathway by reducing AKT and GSK-3β phosphorylation. In the CACC mouse model, PSVII protected mice from intestinal toxicities and carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). In the model of xenograft tumor, PSVII remarkably decreased the xenograft tumor size and triggered the apoptosis of tumor cells. Both in vitro and in vivo study showed that PSVII inhibited Ras activity. Taken together, PSVII might be a potential therapeutic reagent for colorectal cancer through targeting Ras signaling pathway.