HPLC法测定七味清咽气雾剂中苦参碱的含量

目的：用HPLC测定七味清咽气雾荆中苦参碱的含量。方法：采用高效液相法，使用Shim-pack VP-ODS色谱柱，以乙腈珈．2％三乙胺溶液（1．4：98．6）用磷酸调至pH为2．5，柱温为55℃，流速为0．7mL／min，检测波长为214mn。结果：苦参碱在64．4～1030μg范围内呈良好的线性关系（r=0．9997），回收率为98．6％，RSD为0．9％。结论：方法灵敏、准确、专属性强，回收率高，重现性好，可作为七味清咽气雾剂的质量标准。     

我院2000-2004年医院感染革兰阴性杆菌耐药性趋势的研究

[目的]了解2000年～2004年院内感染革兰阴性杆菌分布及其耐药性。[方法]主要使用MicroScan-4微生物鉴定及药敏仪对2000年1月～2004年12月引起院内感染革兰阴性杆菌进行鉴定及药物敏感试验，结果录入Whonet5．3软件进行分析、统计。[结果]5年间，革兰阴性杆菌所致医院感染中，大肠埃希菌比例最高，在32．8％～38．1％之间，阴沟肠杆菌、不动杆菌比例呈上升趋势。细菌的耐药率在逐年上升，其中阴沟肠杆菌和鲍曼不动杆菌，耐药性高于其它革兰阴性杆菌（P〈0．05），对第三代头孢菌素耐药率分别达到60％～80％、40％～70％。对亚胺培南耐药的菌株日益增多。[结论]细菌的耐药性逐渐增强，阴沟肠杆菌、鲍曼不动杆菌成为非常重要的医院感染病原菌，医务工作者要重视医院感染，加强耐药性监测，合理使用抗生素。     

犬海水中火器伤后早期血流动力学变化

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hemodynamic changes in the early stages of gunshot wound of dogs in seawater for exploring early treatment protocol. METHOD: Fourteen conventional Beagles models undergoing gunshot wound in seawater were used along with another 2 dogs receiving the wound on land to serve as control. After the dogs were rescued from the seawater, the respiration (R), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP), and cardiac output (CO) were measured continuously in the early stages of the wound (53.62+/-12.19 min following injury), followed by statistical analysis of the results. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the hemodynamic disturbance of the dogs receiving the wound in seawater was relatively severe during the first 15 min of the wound. The mortality tended to descend relevant to the position of the wounds, in the order of the head, chest, abdomen and limbs. CONCLUSIONS: Gunshot wound in seawater may cause severe hemodynamic changes, resulting in progressive dysfunction of circulation and high mortality rate. Early treatment should be targeted at hemodynamic stabilization in accordance to the characteristic changes during the early stages of the wound.     

四甲基联苯胺在ELISA和免疫斑点试验中的应用

本文以间接法ELISA检测轮状病毒特异性IgG为模型,对新底物四甲基联苯胺(TMB)与邻苯二胺(OPD)进行了比较研究,结果发现,TMB具有下列优点:①稳定性好;②敏感性高;③酶结合物和H_2O_2用量少。而且TMB又无致癌性,故是辣根过氧化酶较理想的底物。此外,还首次将TMB应用于免疫斑点试验,获得成功。     

Directed differentiation of Balb/C mouse embryonic stem cells into pancreatic islet-like cell clusters in vitro: observation by atomic force microscope]

OBJECTIVE: To observe the morphological changes of Balb/C mouse embryonic stem cells following directed differentiation into pancreatic islet-like cell clusters (PICC) in vitro using atomic force microscope (AFM). METHODS: Balb/C mouse embryonic stem cells were first cultured into embryonic bodies (EBs) and allowed to differentiate spontaneously for 4 days. The cells were then transferred to gelatin-coated dishes for the EBs to attach and spread on the tissue culture plates, in the course of which a series of cell growth factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and nicotinamide were added into the culture medium at specific time points to induce directed differentiation of the stem cells into PICC. Immunocytochemistry was employed to detect the cells positive for insulin and glucagon, which were observed with AFM. RESULTS: The embryonic stem cells developed into cell clusters of different sizes, in which the cells were tightly arranged. Islet B cells were numerous in the center of clusters and darkly stained, but fewer in the peripherals with lighter stains. Islet A cells expressing glucagon were relatively fewer in the cell clusters, found mainly in the peripherals. Scanning of the insulin-positive clusters by AFM revealed large quantity of tissue fibers resembling nerve fibers that formed a reticular structure in disorderly arrangement. Numerous round granules were observed in the cytoplasm of almost identical sizes ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 mum in diameter. CONCLUSION: The cell clusters obtained by directed differentiation are mature in both morphology and function with also well organized structures.     

后腹腔镜手术CO2气腹对脑氧供需平衡的影响

目的探讨后腹腔镜CO2气腹对脑氧供需平衡的影响. 方法选择后腹腔镜下肾及肾上腺肿瘤切除术20例,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,分别于气腹前,气腹后10、30、60 min和关气腹后30 min,抽取颈静脉球血和桡动脉血进行血气分析,比较不同时点动脉血PH(aPH )、颈静脉球PH(jvPH)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、动脉血糖(aGS)、动脉血乳酸(aLac)、颈内静脉血氧分压(PjvO2)、颈内静脉血氧饱和度(SjvO2)、颅内动静脉氧含量差(AjvDO2)、颈内静脉血二氧化碳分压(PjvCO2)、血糖(jvGS)和乳酸(jvLac)的变化. 结果与气腹前比较,气腹后各时间点aPH、jvPH显著降低(P＜0.05);PaCO2、PjvCO2气腹后各时间点与气腹前相比显著升高(P＜0.05);AjvDO2气腹后各时点与气腹前相比显著下降(P＜0.05);jvLac气腹后各时间点与气腹前相比有降低趋势,但无统计学差异(P＞0.05);aGS、 jvGS气腹前后无显著变化(P＞0.05). 结论后腹腔镜手术期间,脑血流量显著增加,未发现脑无氧代谢增加的证据.     

改良气囊导尿管内固定方法的临床探讨

目的探讨改良气囊导尿管的内固定方法，减轻患者的不适感，增加尿管留置成功率。方法将150例需留置导尿管的患者随机分为A、B、C3组，常规导尿成功后，A组向气囊内注入生理盐水12ml；B组向气囊内注入空气12ml；C组向气囊内注入生理盐水和空气各6ml，于24h后采用自制问卷调查患者不舒适的程度，并在1周后统计置管的成功率。结果A组Ⅱ度以上不舒适38例，留置失败1例，失败率为2．0％；B组Ⅱ度以上不舒适5例，留置失败12例，失败率为24．0％；C组Ⅱ度以上不舒适5例，留置失败2例，失败率为3．9％。满意度B组与C组比较差异无统计学意义，A组与B组和C组比较差并均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。失败率A组与C组比较差异无统计学意义（P=0．3864），B组与A组和C组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论3组从舒适的角度和留置成功率全面比较C组的方法优于A、B两组，留置气囊导尿管时向气囊内注入生理盐水和空气各6ml是内固定最佳的方法，在临床上是可行的。     

人体尺神经显微结构三维可视化研究

目的 将人体尺神经行连续冰冻组织切片,经染色、扫描后获取尺神经连续断面二维图像信息,通过3D Nerve三维可视化软件系统勾画出完整的尺神经干三维解剖图谱.方法 取自愿捐献死亡3 h内38岁男性左侧尺神经全长(自臂丛内侧束至腕横韧带)标本1例,长约50cm,经定位、包埋、连续冰冻组织切片、乙酰胆碱脂酶组织化学染色,获取尺神经连续二维图像信息,应用3D Nerve三维可视化软件系统对尺神经内部结构进行三维重建.结果 尺神经在不同断面神经束的数量、位置及内部神经纤维的性质均有变化.应用尺神经3D Nerve三维可视化软件系统可在任意断面、任意角度观察尺神经内部的显微结构,追踪各神经束的立体行径,动态地展示尺神经内部神经束的复杂结构.结论 尺神经的3D Nerve三维可视化软件系统可真实地再现尺神经干全长及其内部各神经束的三维立体行径,为医学教学与临床修复尺神经损伤提供精确的神经任意断面三维立体解剖图像,有助于提高神经修复的疗效.