颈椎零切迹融合器结合同种异体骨治疗颈椎病的临床疗效分析

目的探讨在颈椎病的手术治疗中填充同种异体松质骨的颈椎零切迹融合器的临床疗效。方法 2016年3月至2019年3月,对19例颈椎病患者进行颈前路椎间盘切除植骨融合术(ACDF),融合系统为填充同种异体松质骨的颈椎零切迹融合器。其中,男11例,女8例,年龄46～76岁,平均(61.3±2.1)岁。观察患者术后是否出现伤口感染、脑脊液漏及食管漏、声音嘶哑、饮水呛咳及吞咽困难,以及评估椎间融合情况,并对术前、术后1周与6个月的VAS评分及JOA评分进行评定,以确定手术疗效。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间为6～12个月,平均(10.2±1.5)个月。手术时间45～120 min,平均(64.3±4.9)min;术中出血量为45～120 m L,平均(66.5±4.6)mL; VAS评分及JOA评分显示术后较术前有明显的改善(0.05);术后未出现伤口感染、脑脊液漏、气管食管损伤、声音嘶哑、饮水呛咳等喉返神经损伤并发症发生。2例患者出现吞咽时疼痛,对进食稍有影响,其症状在术后2周内逐渐消失。未发现融合器移位、沉降、松动、断裂等情况。结论应用填充同种异体松质骨的颈椎零切迹融合器治疗颈椎病具有操作简单,疗效好,吞咽困难发生率低,并发症少。     

小切口对口引流换药技术对糖尿病足肌筋膜间隙感染患者患足功能康复的影响

目的探讨小切口对口引流换药技术对糖尿病足肌筋膜间隙感染患者患足功能康复的效果。 方法选择2018年1月至2018年7月首都医科大学宣武医院伤口护理中心收治的60例糖尿病足肌筋膜间隙感染患者,按随机数字表法将患者随机分为2组,观察组和对照组,每组30例。观察组行多个小切口相互贯通至正常组织,蚕食样逐渐清除坏死组织,清创后用脂质水胶体敷料进行对口引流,若炎症蔓延则继续扩创,患足红肿消退开始考虑逐步撤除对口引流条,最后撤出足底与足背贯穿的对口,采用湿性及密闭敷料覆盖。对照组采取大切口彻底清创,后期多次使用无菌剪或手术刀片清创去除坏死组织控制感染,用0.9%氯化钠溶液冲洗患足并沾干,使用银离子敷料等功能敷料覆盖。统计2组患者疼痛评分、切口愈合时间、患者满意度,并对患者进行健康状况调查,包括生理领域(生理机能、生理职能、躯体疼痛和一般健康状况)和心理领域(精力、社会功能、情感职能和精神健康)。数据比较采用t检验。 结果观察组患者疼痛评分、切口愈合时间和患者满意度分别为(3.76±1.94)分、(39.09±10.55) d和(94.21±6.77)分,与对照组[(5.31±2.48)分、(47.11±7.13) d和(82.09±7.26)分]比较,差异均有统计学意义(t＝2.70,3.45,6.69,P值均小于0.05)。观察组患者生理领域各指标(生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、一般健康状况)评分分别为(79.99±14.12)、(71.33±10.21)、(77.47±12.78)、(81.15±12.77)分,与对照组[(72.54±12.01)、(63.03±11.67)、(67.19±11.12)、(73.08±10.54)分]比较差异均有统计学意义(t＝2.20、2.93、3.32、2.67,P值均小于0.05);观察组患者心理领域各指标(精力、社会功能、情感职能、精神健康)评分分别为(83.64±10.88)、(92.55±11.32)、(92.67±25.55)和(86.34±9.77)分,与对照组[(76.11±15.02)、(70.31±16.23)、(73.34±21.21)、(78.98±11.01)分]比较差异均有统计学意义(t＝2.22、6.16、3.19、2.74,P值均小于0.05)。 结论小切口对口引流换药技术创伤小,出血量少,安全可靠,相比常规方法优势明显。而且保全患足外形及功能,患者生活质量明显提高,健康状态明显改善。     

Hepatitis C virus infection among noninjecting drug users in New York City

The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among noninjecting drug users has been reported to be higher than in the general population, but the reasons for this observation remain unclear. Noninjecting drug users aged 15-40 years and who used drugs for no longer than 10 years were enrolled in the study. The participants were interviewed about risk behaviors and had specimens drawn for serological testing. Of 276 enrolled, 4.7% were infected with HCV. Drug users who had ever sniffed or snorted heroin in combination with cocaine were significantly more likely to be infected with HCV compared with those who never sniffed or snorted heroin with cocaine. No other drug use or sexual risk behaviors were found to be associated with HCV infection. These findings suggest that sniffing or snorting heroin with cocaine may explain the increase frequently found in HCV infection among noninjectors, but further studies are necessary.     

Translation of ASH1 mRNA is repressed by Puf6p-Fun12p/eIF5B interaction and released by CK2 phosphorylation

Translational repression during mRNA transport is essential for spatial restriction of protein production. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae, silencing of ASH1 mRNA before it is localized to the bud cortex in late anaphase is critical for asymmetric segregation of Ash1p to the daughter cell nucleus. Puf6p, an ASH1 mRNA-binding protein, has been implicated in this process as a translational repressor, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we used yeast extract-based in vitro translation assays, which recapitulate translation and phosphorylation, to characterize the mechanism of Puf6p-mediated translational regulation. We report that Puf6p interferes with the conversion of the 48S complex to the 80S complex during initiation, and this repression by Puf6p is mediated through the general translation factor eIF5B (Fun12p in S. cerevisiae). Puf6p interacts with Fun12p via the PUF domain, and this interaction is RNA-dependent and essential for translational repression by Puf6p. This repression is relieved by phosphorylation of the N-terminal region of Puf6p mediated by protein kinase CK2 (casein kinase II). Inhibition of phosphorylation at Ser31, Ser34, and Ser35 of Puf6p increases its translational repression and results in ASH1 mRNA delocalization. Our results indicate that Puf6p suppresses the translation initiation of ASH1 mRNA via interaction with Fun12p during its transport, and this repression can be released by CK2 phosphorylation in the N-terminal region of Puf6p when the mRNA reaches the bud tip.     

颈动脉支架植入术后管理

颈动脉支架植入术(CAS)临床应用逐年增多,术后可能发生心脑血管事件甚至死亡,术后管理尤为重要.该文通过查阅近年来国内外文献并进行整理、分类、比较和分析,就CAS术后低血压控制目标与治疗管理,术后高血压和脑过度灌注综合征(CHS)处理,抗血小板药物、他汀类药物应用管理作一综述.术后密切监测,个体化维持血流动力学稳定,有...     

不同骨盆投射角与腰椎前凸角之差矫正程度对退变性脊柱侧凸术后神经并发症的影响

【摘要】目的 探索不同骨盆投射角与腰椎前凸角之差(PI-LL)矫正程度对退变性脊柱侧凸术后神经并发症的影响。方法 回顾性分析2013年10月至2017年9月我院收治178例退变性脊柱侧凸患者,随访2年,失访18例,根据术后即时PI-LL角度差异,将患者分成A组(PI-LL<10°,n=51)、B组(10°~20°,n=63)和C组(PI-LL>20°,n=46)。比较并分析三组患者腰椎功能、腰背疼痛程度、功能障碍程度及并发症等指标。结果 三组患者术前和术后两年JOA和VAS评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),且术后2年JOA和VAS评分均显著提高(P<0.05);三组患者术前ODI评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而术后2年ODI评分差异有统计学意义,且B组患者明显低于A组和C组(P<0.05),术后2年ODI评分明显低于术前(P<0.05);三组患者在内固定失败、内固定松动、脊神经损伤、腓肠肌损伤及神经性膀胱等并发症差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且B组发生率明显低于A组和C组(P<0.05),而内固定翻修和下肢瘫痪等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 退变性脊柱侧凸术后将PI-LL角度矫正为10~20°时临床疗效最佳,且术后神经并发症低,值得临床进一步研究并推广。     

腹膜损伤生物学标志物的研究进展

终末期肾脏病已成为全球广泛关注的健康问题,腹膜透析是公认的、有效的肾脏替代治疗方法之一,腹膜结构和功能的完整性对于腹膜透析治疗至关重要。如何早期识别腹膜损伤并加以干预,已受到广泛关注。多种细胞因子、生长因子、微小RNA、代谢产物和蛋白酶在腹膜损伤过程中发挥重要作用,有望用于评价腹膜病理改变、预测腹膜功能,为临床治疗提供...     

胆囊神经内分泌癌临床特征及诊治分析：附3例报告并文献回顾

背景与目的 胆囊原发性神经内分泌癌（GB-NEC）极为罕见且预后差,由于GB-NEC病例非常少见,目前少有系统总结其临床特征的研究。因此,本研究对扬州大学附属兴化市人民医院收治的GB-NEC病例及近20年中文献报道的GB-NEC病例进行总结分析,以期提高对该病的认识。方法 回顾收治的3例GB-NEC患者资料,并收集2000年1月—2020年12月间文献报道的121例GB-NEC病例的相关资料,分析患者的基本临床特征、预后因素及治疗结局。结果 收治的3例患者均因腹痛等非特异性症状就诊,3例均行手术治疗,术后病理与免疫组化证实均为GB-NEC（1例意外胆囊癌）。3例均行术后辅助化疗,中短期随访期间2例死亡,1例存活。124例GB-NEC患者的中位年龄为58岁,其中女性占62.9%（78/124）;72.1%（44/61）为小细胞癌,32.5%（29/84）为混合型神经内分泌癌。中位生存时间在全组患者中为11个月,在不同临床分期患者中随着临床分期增加而缩短。将49例有完整资料的患者纳入分析,结果显示,年龄>80岁（HR=1.364,95% CI=1.026~1.860,P=0.049）、TNM分期（II期vs. I期：HR=10.408,95% CI=2.554~42.404,P=0.001;III期vs. I期：HR=13.167,95% CI=3.288~52.732,P<0.001;IV期vs. I期：HR=38.022,95% CI=9.738~148.459,P<0.001）、手术（非根治术vs.未手术：HR=0.122,95% CI=0.022~0.786,P=0.027;根治术vs.未手术：HR=0.088,95% CI=0.019~0.481,P=0.006）、化疗与否（HR=0.517,95% CI=0.305~0.983,P=0.042）是生存结局的独立影响因素。糖类抗原125（CA125）水平的升高与更晚的临床分期相关（r=0.727,P<0.05）。亚组分析中,术式（胆囊切除术vs.根治术：HR=2.889,95% CI=0.908~9.168,P=0.072）、化疗与否（HR=3.120,95% CI=0.768~12.676,P=0.112）对于I、II期患者的结局影响差异无统计学意义。术式（胆囊+转移灶切除术vs.根治术：HR=0.675,95% CI=0.113~4.023,P=0.667）和化疗与否（HR=2.109,95% CI=0.808~5.994,P=0.127）对III期患者结局的影响无统计学意义。IV期患者行化疗有生存优势（HR=2.785,95% CI=1.376~5.636,P=0.004）,主要体现在小细胞癌患者（中位值生存时间：9个月vs. 3个月,P<0.001）,而对大细胞癌患者效果不显著（中位值生存时间：5个月vs. 2个月,P=0.247）;手术不能改善IV期患者预后（根治术vs.未手术：HR=0.533,95% CI=0.232~1.233,P=0.138;非根治术vs.未手术：HR=0.932,95% CI=0.434~2.000,P=0.856）。结论 提高早期诊断率是改善GB-NEC患者预后的关键。I~III期患者可行手术切除,但胆囊癌根治术是不必要的;晚期小细胞癌患者行化疗可以帮助提高生存率以及手术切除可能。CA125可能作为GB-NEC的预后指标,但需要更多的研究证明。     

椎管内分娩镇痛护理循证实践方案的构建

目的构建基于循证的椎管内分娩镇痛护理实践方案。方法以Stetler证据应用模式为理论框架,通过典型机构的现场观察,梳理焦点问题,系统检索文献,提取证据及推荐意见,构建方案草案,进行专家论证,确定推荐等级,形成最终方案。结果方案包括分娩疼痛的评估及初步处理、椎管内分娩镇痛开始时机、镇痛前准备、镇痛期间的监护与管理、镇痛产妇的活动管理、饮食管理、镇痛结束时机7个方面共41条推荐意见,其中38条强推荐,3条弱推荐。结论构建椎管内分娩镇痛护理循证实践方案,有利于多学科助产团队在临床实践过程中达成一致,为下一步临床实施奠定基础。     

Establishment of uric acid associated nephropathy animal model and the underlying mechanisms

Objective To establish an uric acid associated nephropathy (UAN) animal model and explore the mechanisms involved. Methods Eighteen (6-8 weeks old) male Sprague-Dawley rats weighed 200-220 g were randomly assigned into 2 groups: the control group (n=9), the uric acid associated nephropathy group (n=9). UAN rat model was established by oral administration of adenine (0.1g/kg) and potassium oxonate (1.5 g/kg) mixture daily for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and blood and kidney samples were collected. Serum uric acid, creatinine and other biochemistry index were measured weekly. PAS and Masson staining were conducted to evaluate renal pathology and renal fibrosis. Serum activity of xanthine oxidase (XOD) was examined. Expression of p-EGFR and EGFR were detected by western blot and α-SMA expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results After 3 weeks, the model group rats got 1.5 folds increased serum creatinine and significantly elevated serum uric acid. PAS and Masson staining showed that the UAN kidney developed glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial damage and inflammatory cell infiltration. Serum activity of xanthine oxidase (XOD) was significantly upregulated in UAN group [(52.68±9.79) μmol/L vs (32.23±6.72) μmol/L, P＜0.05]. Western blot showed that EGFR was activated and α-SMA expression increased remarkably in renal interstitial area of UAN rats. Conclusions The mixture of adenine and potassium oxonate can successfully establish UAN model. Phosphorylation of EGFR may mediate the activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts and accelerate the development and progression of UAN.