Aggregation inhibitory activity of minor acetophenones from Paeonia species

Two minor acetophenones, 2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-acetophenone (2) and 2,5-dihydroxy-4-methylacetophenone (7) from Paeonia species were found to selectively inhibit the aggregation of rabbit platelets induced by arachidonic acid. They were more potent than the major compound, paeonol (1), and 7 also inhibited the formation of TXA2 and PGD2 from arachidonic acid.     

Production of ginkgolides and bilobalide by Ginkgo biloba plants and tissue cultures

The accumulation of the terpenes ginkgolides and bilobalide in Ginkgo biloba was reported in plants as well as in plant cell cultures. Several hundred plants cultivated under controlled conditions in the field have been analyzed for their terpene production over many years. Cross-pollination experiments were performed with mature trees and the terpene content of the progeny was analyzed. The age of the tree is the main factor influencing the terpene content of the leaves as the level always decreases dramatically between young and old trees. 80 cell culture strains have been established and ginkgolides analyzed by GC/MS. These cell cultures reveal very low amounts of terpenes (1 microgram g-1 D.W. or less). On the contrary, isolated in vitro root cultures accumulate terpenes at the same concentration as the young plant leaves (4 mg g-1 D.W.). Attempts to obtain rapid growing roots or even hairy-roots did not succeed but the possibility to transform Ginkgo cell strains has been demonstrated.     

Doppler sonographic detection of reverse twin-twin transfusion after intrauterine death of the donor

We report a "stuck" twin, in which a reverse blood shunt from the recipient to the donor was detected by Doppler sonography after death of the donor. This acute reverse transfusion caused intrauterine fetal distress and severe neonatal anemia of the surviving recipient. We believe that acute hemodynamic change after death of one fetus, in addition to causing a derangement in coagulation, causes immediate danger or subsequent organ damage for the surviving co-twin.     

Critical reassessment of second-look exploratory laparotomy for epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Minimal diagnostic and therapeutic value in patients with persistent cancer.

From 1979 to 1984, 88 women with epithelial ovarian cancer were treated with surgery and chemotherapy, achieved a clinical complete response, and then had "second-look" exploratory laparotomy to assess the pathologic status of their disease. Persistent cancer was found in 50 (57%) patients: 34 of 50 (68%) had gross tumor, which was larger than 2 cm in 12 (24%) and smaller than 2 cm in 22 (44%), and 16 (32%) had microscopic disease. Salvage therapy was as follows for these patients: whole abdominal irradiation, 29 (58%); chemotherapy, 17 (34%); intraperitoneal chromic phosphate, 1 (2%); and no further therapy, 3 (6%). With a follow-up time of 4 to 8 years, 7 (14%) patients are alive without evidence of cancer, 7 (14%) are alive with disease, 35 (70%) are dead of disease, and 1 (2%) has died of treatment complications. At 5 years, the relapse-free rate was 18% and the survival rate was 25%. Seventy-two parameters of suspected prognostic significance and 64 potential sites of tumor involvement were correlated with survival in a univariate analysis. The factors favorably affecting survival included the following: lower grade; microscopic tumor versus gross disease at second-look laparotomy; removal of the uterus; removal of the omentum; pelvic and paraaortic lymph node biopsy; negative results of a right diaphragm biopsy; and radiation therapy at Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California. There was no survival advantage for whole abdomen irradiation compared with chemotherapy or for the patients who had their disease successfully debulked at second-look laparotomy. The above factors and others were evaluated by multivariate regression. The best model (P = 0.000004) for predicting survival included largest tumor mass (P = 0.0002), operative blood loss (P = 0.002), perioperative blood transfusion (P = 0.003), and grade (P = 0.004). The detection of persistent ovarian cancer by second-look exploratory laparotomy should identify a subgroup of patients whose conditions can be salvaged by a second-line therapy. Unfortunately, that subgroup is small (8%) and an effective salvage therapy remains to be identified.     

Treatment of glomerulonephritis in the elderly

With the increasing use of renal biopsy in the elderly, glomerulonephritis is now known to be a common finding. Whereas membranous glomerulonephritis and minimal change disease are common in younger and older adults, primary amyloidosis and crescentic glomerulonephritis are more common in the elderly. Other glomerulonephritides such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or IgA nephropathy are very uncommon in the elderly. Because of the serious consequences of the nephrotic syndrome and acute and chronic renal failure in the elderly, aggressive treatment with immunosuppression should not be withheld. Caution should always be taken because of the presumed greater morbidity and mortality from such treatment in the elderly.     

自身免疫性感音神经性聋的内耳代谢与电生理研究

为探讨自身免疫性感音神经性聋（ＡＳＨＬ）的内耳病理生理学机制，采用听觉电生理技术和酶组织化学方法，观察ＡＳＨＬ模型动物的内耳生理功能与组织内主要酶活性的变化。结果示：听视经复合动作电位和耳蜗微音器电位阈值明显升高，内淋巴电位（包括负相）幅值均有不同程度的降低，并与血管纹和内淋巴囊局部组织内Ｎａ＾＋－Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶和琥珀酸脱氢酶活性改变之间的相关性。表明自身免疫性内耳损伤，进而造成组织内相关酶代谢     

重视子癎前期子癎的治疗

子疒间前期、子疒间是导致孕产妇和围生儿病率和死亡率的主要原因。由于病因不明,至今仍然停留在对症治疗水平。因此,该病的治疗问题一直是产科领域中的难点和热点。近来该病病因、发病机制研究的进展为进一步搞好该病的治疗开辟了一些新的思路。目前,对子疒间前期、子疒间的基本治疗原则是解痉、降压、改善脏器灌流量和脏器功能。在临床上诊治病人要从多脏器可能受累角度,作好临床症状监护,及时发现和掌握疾病发展的进程,并及时予以妥善处理,以免发生严重的、危及生命的并发症。在治疗中,以下几个方面提请临床医生高度重视:(1)治疗目的:预…     

超导型磁共振冷头的工作原理及维护保养

冷却系统是超导型磁共振正常运行的重要保障,而冷头是磁共振冷却系统的重要组件.本文着重介绍冷头的工作原理、运行方式及其在使用中的日常维护和定期保养.     

生命探测仪电池容量检测电路的设计

介绍了基于bq2050电池容量检测电路的设计，实测结果表明此电池容量检测电路设计合理，实用有效，且精度高、体积小、功耗低，适合生命探测仪使用。     

Selenium substituted axitinib reduces axitinib side effects and maintains its anti-renal tumor activity

Axitinib is a potent vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitor, which has a strong inhibitory effect on the three isoforms of VEGFR 1–3. Having strong therapeutic efficacy, its broad use is limited by its side effects such as hypertension, proteinuria, cardiovascular damage, and liver and kidney dysfunction. Selenium compounds are broadly reported to have a good protective effect on cardiovascular disease, inflammation, infection, and immune function. In this study, a selenium substitute of axitinib was synthesized, and its anti-renal cell carcinoma activity and side effects were investigated. The results of the study indicated that Se-axitinib had potent antitumor activity on renal cell carcinoma (RCC), alleviated vascular hyperpermeability, and also alleviated axitinib-related side effects including hypertension, liver dysfunction and kidney dysfunction significantly. Therefore, we suggest that Se-axitinib could be a solution to the severe side effects of VEGFR inhibitors and provide evidence to improve the outcome of RCC treatment.

Se-axitinib is a selenium substitution of sulfur in axitinib, which reduced the side effect of VEGFR inhibitors and maintained the potent anticancer activity of the original drug.