下消化道出血的少见病因

下消化道出血病因复杂,随着诊疗技术的发展,人们对一些少见病因有了越来越多的了解,现就部分少见病因作一综述,以帮助临床诊断与治疗.     

胶原蛋白海绵在皮肤扩张术中的应用

目的：观察胶原蛋白海绵在皮肤扩张术中的临床应用效果。方法：选择40例（个）皮肤扩张器埋置和50例（个）皮肤扩张器取出及15例自身对照的病例组,应用胶原蛋白海绵术中贴敷于渗血创面,术后观察其吸收、止血效果。结果：术中渗血于2～10min内停止,病例组中无血肿发生,术后引流量明显减少,伤口愈合时间缩短。结论：在皮肤扩张术中胶原蛋白海绵是一种良好的生物止血材料。     

洁净手术室的特色设计

文中介绍了我院洁净手术室的三点特色设计,该设计经过两年的使用得到了手术室医务人员的肯定.     

阿米替林合并认知疗法治疗精神分裂症后抑郁的对照研究

目的　评价阿米替林合并认知疗法对精神分裂症后抑郁的治疗效果。方法　将符合CCMD 3诊断标准的 86例精神分裂症后抑郁患者随机分为治疗组和对照组 ,治疗组给予阿米替林合并认知治疗 ,对照组织给予阿米替林治疗 ,疗程 12周。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表 (HAMD)、简明精神病量表(BPRS)、阴性症状量表 (SANS)评定临床疗效 ,采用副反应量表 (TESS)评定副反应。结果　在治疗的 4、8、12周末 ,HAMD评分治疗组优于对照组 ,显效率分别为 83 95 %和 6 1 90 % (u =5 .83,P <0 0 5 )。结论　阿米替林与认知治疗组结合治疗精神分裂症后抑郁疗效好于单用阿米替林治疗。     

In vitro reversal MDR of human carcinoma cell line by an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide-doxorubicin conjugate.

A conjugate of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS ODN) covalently linked with deoxorubicin (DOX) was synthesized. Its properties and antitumour activity in human carcinoma DOX resistant cells (KB-A-1) were investigated in vitro. The results showed that the conjugate was strongly stable both in Dulbecco's Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) and in culture medium. The intracellular concentration of the conjugate was higher than that of the AS DON by HPLC analysis. The conjugate showed potent dose-dependent inhibition to the growth of KB-A-1 cells. Chemosensitivity of KB-A-1 cells to DOX was also investigated in vitro. When the cells were first exposed to the conjugate (0.5 microM) and then exposed to DOX for 24 h, the IC50 value of DOX decreased from 21.5 to 2.2 microM. In contrast, when treated with the mixture of the same concentration of the AS ODN with equivalent DOX, the IC50 value of DOX was 16.8 microM. Intracellular DOX concentration was detected in KB-A-1 treatment with the conjugate in vitro by HPLC. The results showed that the intracellular DOX concentration was 6.4-fold increased in KB-A-1 cells treated with the conjugate compared to treatment with DOX alone. In contrast, 1.8-fold increasing was observed when treated with the AS ODN. Western blot analysis showed a significantly decrease in the amount of P-glycoprotein in KB-A-1 cells. These results suggest that the conjugate is effective in reversing multidrug resistance. Certainly, further studies are conducting to explore the antitumour effect of the conjugate in vivo.     

Automatic algorithm for correcting motion artifacts in time-resolved two-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography using convex projections.

Time-resolved contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) may suffer from involuntary patient motion. It is noted that while MR signal change associated with motion is large in magnitude and has smooth phase variation in k-phase, signal change associated with vascular enhancement is small in magnitude and has rapid phase variation in k-space. Based upon this observation, a novel projection onto convex sets (POCS) algorithm is developed as an automatic iterative method to remove motion artifacts. The presented POCS algorithm consists of high-pass phase filtering and convex projections in both k-space and image space. Without input of detailed motion knowledge, motion effects are filtered out, while vasculature information is preserved. The proposed method can be effective for a large class of nonrigid motions, including through-plane motion. The algorithm is stable and converges quickly, usually within five iterations. A double-blind evaluation on a set of clinical MRA cases shows that a completely unsupervised version of the algorithm produces significantly better rank scores (P=0.038) when compared to angiograms produced manually by an experienced radiologist.     

cNO头颈鳞癌哨位淋巴结示踪法的研究进展

颈部哨位淋巴结是头颈部鳞癌最早发生转移的淋巴结,其所在位置及有无转移或微转移,是决定是否行区域性颈淋巴清扫的一个重要指标.对于哨位淋巴结阴性的cNO患者,为减少过度治疗,精确定位哨位淋巴结十分重要.目前多采用示踪法检测哨位淋巴结,本文就其判断cNO头颈鳞癌隐匿性转移的研究进展作一综述.     

立体着床模型--小鼠囊胚与子宫内膜的共培养

目的:建立小鼠囊胚体外着床的三维模型,为着床机制的研究提供重要工具.方法:将小鼠囊胚与其自身子宫内膜分别共培养在空气、含500,750和950 mL/L O2的混合气体与组织培养液的气液界面上,比较不同O2浓度下小鼠囊胚的贴附率,确定体外共培养的最佳O2浓度;同时将确认有囊胚贴附的子宫内膜取出作HE染色.结果:不同O2浓度下,囊胚的贴附率分别为64.75%,47.86%,42.37%和30.97%,x2检验提示其差异有显著性(x2=28.145,P=0.000);且随着混合气体中O2浓度的逐渐升高,囊胚贴附率呈逐渐降低趋势.因此50 mL/L CO2 950 mL/L空气对囊胚与子宫内膜的共培养是最有利的;同时,囊胚贴附子宫内膜后并无扩展行为而是直接侵入子宫内膜.结论:50 mL/L CO2 950 mL/L空气最有利于囊胚与子宫内膜的共培养;且囊胚贴附子宫内膜后不发生外延生长,而是直接侵入子宫内膜.本实验成功地建立了小鼠囊胚体外着床的三维模型.     

不同免疫剂治疗扩张型心肌病患儿心功能和临床预后评价

目的观察比较泼尼松联用硫唑嘌呤和大剂量静脉用免疫球蛋白(IVIG)对扩张型心肌病(DCM)患儿心功能及预后的影响。方法将DCM患儿20例分为治疗Ⅰ和Ⅱ组,分别在传统抗心衰治疗基础上加泼尼松联用硫唑嘌呤和大剂量IVIG,治疗1个疗程后评价心功能,检测治疗前后左房横径(LA)、左室舒张期内径(LV)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、心脏指数(CI),并计算其治疗前后变化。所有病例随访1年,计算1年存活率。结果治疗Ⅱ组心功能明显优于治疗Ⅰ组(P均<0.05);两组LA、LV、LVEF和CI治疗后较治疗前均有明显改善(P均<0.05);治疗Ⅰ组各参数变化明显低于治疗Ⅱ组(P均<0.05),其1年存活率明显低于治疗组Ⅱ(P<0.05)。结论泼尼松联用硫唑嘌呤和大剂量IVIG均能改善DCM患儿心功能,但IVIG疗效优于泼尼松联用硫唑嘌呤。     

间接免疫荧光法检测婴幼儿急性下呼吸道合胞病毒感染的特异性IgM

本文对1984年1～3月和1985年3～8月共107例急性下呼吸道感染的住院患儿,采用间接免疫荧光法检测其急性期血清抗RSV特异性IgM抗体,并与病毒分离和/或中和试验比较,敏感性为82.1％,特异性为71.8％。RSV感染患儿发病后3天内大多数病例即可从血清中检测出RSV-IgM,因此该法具有早期诊断价值。