Evidence of association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms in lipid metabolism-related genes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Chinese population

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex chronic metabolic disorder triggered by insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. Evidence has shown that lipid metabolism and related genetic factors lead to insulin resistance. Hence, it is meaningful to investigate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in lipid metabolism-related genes and T2DM.Methods: A total of 1,194 subjects with T2DM and 1,274 Non-diabetic subjects (NDM) were enrolled. Five SNPs in three genes (rs864745 in JAZF1, rs35767 in IGF1, and rs4376068, rs4402960, and rs6769511 in IGF2BP2) that contribute to insulin resistance involving lipid metabolism were genotyped using the MassArray method in a Chinese population.Results: The allele and genotypes of rs6769511 in IGF2BP2 were associated with T2DM (P=0.009 and P=0.002, respectively). In inheritance model analysis, compared with the T/T-C/T genotype, the C/C genotype of rs6769511 in IGF2BP2 was a risk factor for the development of T2DM (P<0.001, odds ratio [OR] =1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29-2.42). Haplotype analysis revealed associations of the rs4376068-rs4402960-rs6769511 haplotypes in IGF2BP2 with the development of T2DM (P=0.015). Additionally, rs4376068C-rs4402960T-rs6769511C was a risk haplotype for T2DM (OR=1.179; 95% CI: 1.033-1.346).Conclusion: The rs6769511 in IGF2BP2 was associated with T2DM susceptibility, and the rs4376068-rs4402960-rs6769511 haplotypes in IGF2BP2 was associated with the development of T2DM in a Chinese population.     

HBV疫苗接种后高、低、无应答个体B细胞特征的研究进展

乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染一直以来都是世界范围内严重的公共卫生问题,可导致急、慢性肝脏疾病以及多种并发症。接种HBV疫苗诱导机体B细胞分泌保护性的乙型肝炎病毒表面抗体(hepatitis B surface antibody,HBsAb)是预防HBV感染最重要的措施。研究表明不同个体对HBV疫苗应答的效应不一致,可分为超高/高、正常/中等、低/无应答,对其产生机制的研究可为高滴度HBsAb制备、HBV感染防治等提供参考。本文将对HBV疫苗接种后不同应答效应个体B细胞特征和机制的研究概况与进展进行综述。     

大鼠松果体衰老的形态学研究

目的 探讨松果体形态结构的衰老性变化,为进一步研究松果体与衰老的关系提供形态学基础。方法 随机选取3月龄和34月龄SD大鼠10只分别作为青年组和老年组,用光镜和电镜结合形态计量学分法分析松果体细胞和神经胶质细胞密度及其指数;松果体细胞线粒体的Vv、Sv、Nv,高尔基器的Vv、Sv、粗面内质网的Sv、溶酶体的Vv;松果体神经终末的Vv及其线粒体的Vv、Sv、Nv、小颗粒囊泡的NA。结果 与青年组相比,老年组松果体细胞核形状不规则,核膜皱褶增多和加深。细胞浆内粗面内质网减少,排列紊乱,分散,脱颗粒明显;线粒体结构不清、肿胀、嵴断裂、消失、空泡化等。老年组松果体细胞密度比青年组减少,而神经胶质细胞密度增加,差异有高度显著性(P<0.01)。老年组神经胶质细胞指数比青年组高(P<0.01)。老年线粒体Vv与青年组无差别,但老年组线粒体Sv、Nv均比青年组减少(P<0.01)。老年组高尔基器的Vv、Sv均比青年组减少(P<0.01);老年组粗面内质网Sv比青年组减少,而老年组溶酶体Vv比青年组增加(P<0.01);老年组神经终末Vv比青年组减少(P<0.01);老年组神经终末中小颗粒囊泡NA比青年组减少(P<0.01);老年组线粒体Sv、Nv比青年组减少(P<0.05),两组神经终末中线粒体Vv无差别(P>0.05)。结论 老年大鼠松果体已发生衰老性变化,这可能与机?     

雌激素对去卵巢大鼠基底前脑NOS及Nestin阳性神经元的影响

目的 观察雌激素替代对去卵巢大鼠基底前脑一氧化氮合酶(NOS)及巢蛋白(Nestin)阳性神经元的影响。方法 将28只健康成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为4个处理组:去势24 h雌激素替代组、去势2周雌激素替代组、去势植物油替代组及假手术组。用组织化学及免疫组织化学染色方法观察基底前脑的内侧隔核(MS)、斜角带垂直支(vDB)及水平支(hDB)的NOS和Nestin阳性神经元数的变化。结果 去势行植物油替代可使MS、vDB的NOS阳性神经元数明显下降(P<0.01);去势24 h或2周行雌激素替代均可使以上亚区的NOS阳性神经元数明显升高至正常水平(P<0.01)。去势行植物油替代或雌激素替代对hDB的:Nestin阳性神经元数的影响趋势与NOS阳性神经元的相似(P<0.01),但对MS及vDB的Nestin阳性神经元数影响不大(P>0.05)。结论 去卵巢行雌激素替代可选择性地使基底前脑不同亚区NOS、Nestin阳性神经元数升高,这可能与雌激素高调了NOS和Nestin的表达有关。     

左房僵硬度指数评价慢性肾脏病患者左房功能的临床价值

目的：探讨左房僵硬度指数（LASI）评估不同程度慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者左房功能的临床价值。 方法：选取我院收治的CKD患者104例,根据估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）分为CKD1组（eGFR 30~89 ml·min-1）52例和CKD2组（eGFR＜30 ml·min-1）52例,另选同期体检正常成人52例为对照组,比较各组一般资料、实验室指标、常规超声心动图参数及左房应变参数的差异,并分析LASI与心肌标志物[肌钙蛋白T（cTnT）、肌红蛋白（Myo）、N末端脑钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）]及肾功能指标[血肌酐（Scr）、尿素（Urea）、胱抑素（Cys-C）、eGFR]的相关性;多重线性回归分析LASI的影响因素;采用组内相关系数（ICCs）分析观察者内及观察者间超声指标（LASr、LAScd、LASct、LAD）的重复性。 结果：对照组、CKD1组、CKD2组cTnT、Myo、NT-proBNP、Scr、Urea、Cys-C、LASI依次增大,eGFR依次减小,各组两两比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。LASI与NT-proBNP（r=0.601,P＜0.001）及eGFR（r=-0.577,P＜0.001）呈良好的相关性;多重线性回归分析表明CKD患者NT-proBNP是LASI的独立影响因子。重复性检验分析显示,左房超声参数在观察者内和观察者间均有良好的重复性（观察者内LASr=0.992、LAScd=0.98、LASct=0.984、LAD=0.982,观察者间LASr=0.995、LAScd=0.996、LASct=0.989、LAD=0.99）。 结论 ：LASI可作为评价不同程度CKD左房功能的有效指标,其值随CKD病情进展而增大。     

Correlation between the sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim resistance of Shigella flexneri and the sul genes

The aim of this study was to discuss the correlation between the sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim resistance of Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri) and the antibiotic resistance genes sul1, sul2, and sul3 and SXT element.From May 2013 to October 2018, 102 isolates of S. flexneri were collected from the clinical samples in Jinan. The Kirby–Bauer (K-B) test was employed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of the S. flexneri isolates. The antibiotic resistance rate was analyzed with the WHONET5.4 software. The isolates were subject to the PCR amplification of the sul genes (sul1, sul2, and sul3) and the SXT element. On the basis of the sequencing results, the correlation between the sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim resistance of the S. flexneri isolates and the sul genes was analyzed.The antibiotic resistance rates of the 102 S. flexneri isolates to ampicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim were 90.2%, 90.2%, 88.2%, 88.2%, and 62.7%, respectively. The antibiotic resistance rates of these isolates to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin varied between 20% and 35%. However, these isolates were 100% susceptible to cefoxitin. Positive fragments were amplified from 59.8% (61/102) of the 102 S. flexneri isolates, the sizes of the sul1 and sul2 genes being 338 bp and 286 bp, respectively. The sequence alignment revealed the presence of the sul1 and sul2 genes encoding for dihydrofolate synthase. The carrying rate of the sul1 gene was 13.7% (14/102), and that of the sul2 gene was 48.0% (49/102). No target gene fragments were amplified from the 3 isolates resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. The sul3 gene and SXT element were not amplified from any of the isolates. The testing and statistical analysis showed that the resistance of the S. flexneri isolates to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim correlated to the sul1 and sul2 genes.The acquired antibiotic resistance genes sul1 and sul2 were closely associated with the resistance of the 102 S. flexneri isolates to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim.     

Transforming Pt-SnO2 Nanoparticles into Pt-SnO2 Composite Nanoceramics for Room-Temperature Hydrogen-Sensing Applications

Many low-dimensional nanostructured metal oxides (MOXs) with impressive room-temperature gas-sensing characteristics have been synthesized, yet transforming them into relatively robust bulk materials has been quite neglected. Pt-decorated SnO₂ nanoparticles with 0.25–2.5 wt% Pt were prepared, and highly attractive room-temperature hydrogen-sensing characteristics were observed for them all through pressing them into pellets. Some pressed pellets were further sintered over a wide temperature range of 600–1200 °C. Though the room-temperature hydrogen-sensing characteristics were greatly degraded in many samples after sintering, those samples with 0.25 wt% Pt and sintered at 800 °C exhibited impressive room-temperature hydrogen-sensing characteristics comparable to those of their counterparts of as-pressed pellets. The variation of room-temperature hydrogen-sensing characteristics among the samples was explained by the facts that the connectivity between SnO₂ grains increases with increasing sintering temperature, and Pt promotes oxidation of SnO₂ at high temperatures. These results clearly demonstrate that some low-dimensional MOX nanocrystals can be successfully transformed into bulk MOXs with improved robustness and comparable room-temperature gas-sensing characteristics.     

护理专业英语移动学习调查：一项量性-质性研究

目的 了解学生关于护理专业英语移动学习的基础、现状、意愿、需求。方法 2018 年 5 ～ 7 月调查符合要求的本科护理学生。量性研究采用《本科生英语移动学习需求调查问卷》,质性研究抽取 8 名学生进行非结构式访谈。结果 调查有效问卷 225 份,72.44% 学生有较好的英语水平,学生以智能手机（94.67%）为主。64.45% 的学生对现有的移动学习资源尚不够满意,84.45% 愿意通过移动设备辅助完成护理专业英语学习。学生需求偏好音频（990 分）方式,偏向 QQ（944 分）途径学习。质性研究提炼出 3 个主题：“浏览性质”的学习、促进“碎片化”学习、移动英语学习应“多维”。结论 学生有较强意愿采用移动学习辅助课堂学习,但移动学习需要有效监控学习。     

医科大学医学生健康教育培训需求度和满意度现状分析

目的 了解医学生学习《健康教育》课程的满意度、需求度现状及差异,为《健康教育》课程优化提供参考。方法 以某医科大学在校临床医学生为研究对象,分析医学生对课程内容的需求度和满意度及二者差异。课程内容包括服药依从性、戒烟干预、合理膳食、心理压力管理、中医康复技术、慢性传染病健康教育、急性传染病健康教育、移动健康技术教育、运动康复指导及健康促进理论。采用频数和构成比指标进行统计描述,采用卡方检验进行健康教育课程学习情况与专业/ 学制之间、相关课程内容学习的需求度与学制的差异,相关课程内容学习需求度与满意度的关联比较采用秩和检验。以P ＜ 0.05 为差异具有统计学意义。结果 戒烟干预、合理膳食、心理压力管理、中医康复技术、慢性传染病健康教育、急性传染病健康教育、移动健康技术教育及健康促进理论八项的学习需求度在长学制医学生与五年制医学生中的总体分布位置不同（U ＝ 2.4、2.2、2.5、2.3、2.4、2.4、2.3、2.0,P 均＜ 0.05）;服药依从性、戒烟干预、合理膳食、心理压力管理、慢性传染病健康教育、急性传染病健康教育、移动健康技术教育及运动康复指导八项的满意度与需求度之间的总体位置分布不同（U ＝ 6.2、5.2、7.2、9.2、5.9、6.1、2.1、3.2,P 均＜ 0.05）;不同学制的医学生对于慢性病人、老年人、孕产妇、传染病人、高危人群和职业暴露人群的健康教育重点关注人群侧重有所不同,其差异具有统计学意义（χ2 ＝ 8.9、14.2、9.9、6.9、23.9、17.8,P 均＜ 0.05）;在教学方式上,不同学制的医学生对于教师课堂讲授和小组讨论的偏好上的差异具有统计学意义（χ2=6.3、9.5,P 均＜ 0.05）。结论 当前健康教育课程的教学内容和结构未能完全满足不同学制、年级医学生的学习需求,需要对课程教学内容、教学方式和开设时间进行进一步的优化设计。